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The increasing share of renewable electricity in the grid drives the need for sufficient storage capacity. Especially for seasonal storage, power-to-gas can be a promising approach. Biologically produced methane from hydrogen produced from surplus electricity can be used to substitute natural gas in the existing infrastructure. Current reactor types are not or are poorly optimized for flexible methanation. Therefore, this work proposes a new reactor type with a plug flow reactor (PFR) design. Simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics ® showed promising properties for operation in laminar flow. An experiment was conducted to support the simulation results and to determine the gas fraction of the novel reactor, which was measured to be 29%. Based on these simulations and experimental results, the reactor was constructed as a 14 m long, 50 mm diameter tube with a meandering orientation. Data processing was established, and a step experiment was performed. In addition, a kLa of 1 h−1 was determined. The results revealed that the experimental outcomes of the type of flow and gas fractions are in line with the theoretical simulation. The new design shows promising properties for flexible methanation and will be tested.
Das KERAMION beherbergt ein breites Sortiment an historischen Keramikstücken wie auch modernen künstlerischen Keramikarbeiten. Bei der neuen Konzeptionierung des Museums wurde eine Verbindung der historischen Sammlung und der modernen Kunst geschaffen, als Visualisierung dafür steht die eigens für das Museum erstellte Schrift. In dieser Schrift wird eine historische, schwungvolle Kurrentschrift aus dem 16. Jahrhundert mit einer modernen kantigen Serifenschrift verbunden. Daraus entsteht eine Schrift, die die Breite der Keramik widerspiegelt und von Steingut bis Porzellan alle Facetten aufgreift. Gepaart wird die einzigartige Schrift mit einem auf das Zentrum ausgerichteten Layoutprinzip, bei dem 3D Scans der Exponate in den Fokus rücken. Somit können die Besucher*innen auch von zu Hause einen Vorgeschmack auf die einzigartigen Materialien und Keramiktechniken bekommen.
Background
Hip fractures are a common and costly health problem, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality, as well as high costs for healthcare systems, especially for the elderly. Implementing surgical preventive strategies has the potential to improve the quality of life and reduce the burden on healthcare resources, particularly in the long term. However, there are currently limited guidelines for standardizing hip fracture prophylaxis practices.
Methods
This study used a cost-effectiveness analysis with a finite-state Markov model and cohort simulation to evaluate the primary and secondary surgical prevention of hip fractures in the elderly. Patients aged 60 to 90 years were simulated in two different models (A and B) to assess prevention at different levels. Model A assumed prophylaxis was performed during the fracture operation on the contralateral side, while Model B included individuals with high fracture risk factors. Costs were obtained from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, and transition probabilities and health state utilities were derived from available literature. The baseline assumption was a 10% reduction in fracture risk after prophylaxis. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted to assess the reliability and variability of the results.
Results
With a 10% fracture risk reduction, model A costs between $8,850 and $46,940 per quality-adjusted life-year ($/QALY). Additionally, it proved most cost-effective in the age range between 61 and 81 years. The sensitivity analysis established that a reduction of ≥ 2.8% is needed for prophylaxis to be definitely cost-effective. The cost-effectiveness at the secondary prevention level was most sensitive to the cost of the contralateral side’s prophylaxis, the patient’s age, and fracture treatment cost. For high-risk patients with no fracture history, the cost-effectiveness of a preventive strategy depends on their risk profile. In the baseline analysis, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio at the primary prevention level varied between $11,000/QALY and $74,000/QALY, which is below the defined willingness to pay threshold.
Conclusion
Due to the high cost of hip fracture treatment and its increased morbidity, surgical prophylaxis strategies have demonstrated that they can significantly relieve the healthcare system. Various key assumptions facilitated the modeling, allowing for adequate room for uncertainty. Further research is needed to evaluate health-state-associated risks.
Background
Aminoacylases are highly promising enzymes for the green synthesis of acyl-amino acids, potentially replacing the environmentally harmful Schotten-Baumann reaction. Long-chain acyl-amino acids can serve as strong surfactants and emulsifiers, with application in cosmetic industries. Heterologous expression of these enzymes, however, is often hampered, limiting their use in industrial processes.
Results
We identified a novel mycobacterial aminoacylase gene from Mycolicibacterium smegmatis MKD 8, cloned and expressed it in Escherichia coli and Vibrio natriegens using the T7 overexpression system. The recombinant enzyme was prone to aggregate as inclusion bodies, and while V. natriegens Vmax™ could produce soluble aminoacylase upon induction with isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), E. coli BL21 (DE3) needed autoinduction with lactose to produce soluble recombinant protein. We successfully conducted a chaperone co-expression study in both organisms to further enhance aminoacylase production and found that overexpression of chaperones GroEL/S enhanced aminoacylase activity in the cell-free extract 1.8-fold in V. natriegens and E. coli. Eventually, E. coli ArcticExpress™ (DE3), which co-expresses cold-adapted chaperonins Cpn60/10 from Oleispira antarctica, cultivated at 12 °C, rendered the most suitable expression system for this aminoacylase and exhibited twice the aminoacylase activity in the cell-free extract compared to E. coli BL21 (DE3) with GroEL/S co-expression at 20 °C. The purified aminoacylase was characterized based on hydrolytic activities, being most stable and active at pH 7.0, with a maximum activity at 70 °C, and stability at 40 °C and pH 7.0 for 5 days. The aminoacylase strongly prefers short-chain acyl-amino acids with smaller, hydrophobic amino acid residues. Several long-chain amino acids were fairly accepted in hydrolysis as well, especially N-lauroyl-L-methionine. To initially evaluate the relevance of this aminoacylase for the synthesis of N-acyl-amino acids, we demonstrated that lauroyl-methionine can be synthesized from lauric acid and methionine in an aqueous system.
Conclusion
Our results suggest that the recombinant enzyme is well suited for synthesis reactions and will thus be further investigated.
In Folge der Globalisierung und der Zuwanderung von verschiedensten ethnischen Gruppen und deren Kulturen entstehen in Deutschland immer mehr sogenannte Transkulturen. Um diesen mehr Aufmerksamkeit zu schenken und zur Verständigung verschiedenster Gruppen beizutragen, wurde das Konzept dieser Bachelorarbeit: „BRIDGE: Ein Magazin über Transkulturen in Deutschland" entwickelt, welches sich mit den Schnittstellen der Deutschen und anderen Kulturen auseinandersetzt. Diese Transkulturen sollen jeweils repräsentativ und aufklärend dargestellt werden. Jede Ausgabe wird eine dieser Transkulturen porträtieren und zeigen, wie diese in Deutschland besteht. Für die erste Ausgabe, welche im Rahmen der Bachelorarbeit ausgearbeitet wurde, fiel die Entscheidung auf die Deutsch-Habesha-Kultur, die eine Völkergruppe aus Äthiopien und Eritrea darstellt.
Eines haben wir alle gemeinsam – Eine Familie. Die Bachelorarbeit „bond(ed)“ ist ein Projekt zum Kontaktabbruch in Familien. Familiäre Kontaktabbrüche sind heute keine Seltenheit mehr. Jede:r kennt jemanden, der davon betroffen ist, und doch wird nur selten darüber gesprochen. Schamgefühl, Angst und das Gefühl von Versagen spielen hierbei eine entscheidende Rolle. Doch wie kann es so weit kommen? Neun Personen haben sich bereit erklärt, ihre sehr persönlichen und emotionalen Geschichten zu teilen. Im Zuge dessen sind Fotos im jeweiligen Zuhause und in Interviewform niedergeschriebene Gespräche entstanden, welche unabhängig voneinander in zwei Büchern zu betrachten sind. Das Projekt „bond(ed)“ soll familiären Kontaktabbrüchen eine Plattform bieten und mit einem Tabuthema brechen. Es soll mit Vorurteilen aufräumen und ein Gefühl von Zusammengehörigkeit bei den Betroffenen wecken.
Subtilisins from microbial sources, especially from the Bacillaceae family, are of particular interest for biotechnological applications and serve the currently growing enzyme market as efficient and novel biocatalysts. Biotechnological applications include use in detergents, cosmetics, leather processing, wastewater treatment and pharmaceuticals. To identify a possible candidate for the enzyme market, here we cloned the gene of the subtilisin SPFA from Fictibacillus arsenicus DSM 15822ᵀ (obtained through a data mining-based search) and expressed it in Bacillus subtilis DB104. After production and purification, the protease showed a molecular mass of 27.57 kDa and a pI of 5.8. SPFA displayed hydrolytic activity at a temperature optimum of 80 °C and a very broad pH optimum between 8.5 and 11.5, with high activity up to pH 12.5. SPFA displayed no NaCl dependence but a high NaCl tolerance, with decreasing activity up to concentrations of 5 m NaCl. The stability enhanced with increasing NaCl concentration. Based on its substrate preference for 10 synthetic peptide 4-nitroanilide substrates with three or four amino acids and its phylogenetic classification, SPFA can be assigned to the subgroup of true subtilisins. Moreover, SPFA exhibited high tolerance to 5% (w/v) SDS and 5% H₂O₂ (v/v). The biochemical properties of SPFA, especially its tolerance of remarkably high pH, SDS and H₂O₂, suggest it has potential for biotechnological applications.
Obstacle avoidance is critical for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) operating autonomously. Obstacle avoidance algorithms either rely on global environment data or local sensor data. Local path planners react to unforeseen objects and plan purely on local sensor information. Similarly, animals need to find feasible paths based on local information about their surroundings. Therefore, their behavior is a valuable source of inspiration for path planning. Bumblebees tend to fly vertically over far-away obstacles and horizontally around close ones, implying two zones for different flight strategies depending on the distance to obstacles. This work enhances the local path planner 3DVFH* with this bio-inspired strategy. The algorithm alters the goal-driven function of the 3DVFH* to climb-preferring if obstacles are far away. Prior experiments with bumblebees led to two definitions of flight zone limits depending on the distance to obstacles, leading to two algorithm variants. Both variants reduce the probability of not reaching the goal of a 3DVFH* implementation in Matlab/Simulink. The best variant, 3DVFH*b-b, reduces this probability from 70.7 to 18.6% in city-like worlds using a strong vertical evasion strategy. Energy consumption is higher, and flight paths are longer compared to the algorithm version with pronounced horizontal evasion tendency. A parameter study analyzes the effect of different weighting factors in the cost function. The best parameter combination shows a failure probability of 6.9% in city-like worlds and reduces energy consumption by 28%. Our findings demonstrate the potential of bio-inspired approaches for improving the performance of local path planning algorithms for UAV.
Barrierefreies Klettern : ein System zur Inklusion sehbehinderter Menschen in den Klettersport
(2023)
Ziel des Projekts war die Entwicklung eines Systems, das es Menschen mit starker Sehbehinderung ermöglicht, Klettersport als ein Training für ihren Körper und ihren Orientierungssinn nutzen zu können. Inklusion ist als gesellschaftliches Thema in den letzten Jahren stark in den Fokus gerückt. Dennoch ist es für Menschen mit Behinderung oft schwer, sozialen Anschluss zu finden. Dies wird zusätzlich durch das mangelnde Angebot an inklusiven Freizeitaktivitäten erschwert. Apollon ermöglicht Menschen mit starker Sehbehinderung die Orientierung während des Kletterns, indem es einerseits Informationen vermittelt, die normalerweise nur visuell wahrgenommen werden können und andererseits dabei hilft, sich besser an bereits gekletterte Routen zu erinnern. Das System setzt sich aus 3 Komponenten zusammen. Die Tritthilfen helfen der blinden Person dabei, auch kleine Tritte zu finden. Die taktilen Wegmarken stellen eine Art Checkpoint dar und helfen der blinden Person dabei, die Route in mehrere Abschnitte zu unterteilen. Gleichzeitig weisen sie darauf hin, welches Feature die kletternde Person erwartet. Die taktile Karte ist modular aufgebaut und setzt sich aus einer Legende und den Repräsentanten der Wegmarken einer Route zusammen. Analog zu dem Betrachten der Route ist die blinde Person so vor dem Klettern in der Lage, Informationen über die Route zu erfahren.
In this work, the effects of carbon sources and culture media on the production and structural properties of bacterial cellulose (BC) synthesized by Medusomyces gisevii have been studied. The culture medium was composed of different initial concentrations of glucose or sucrose dissolved in 0.4% extract of plain green tea. Parameters of the culture media (titratable acidity, substrate conversion degree etc.) were monitored daily for 20 days of cultivation. The BC pellicles produced on different carbon sources were characterized in terms of biomass yield, crystallinity and morphology by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Our results showed that Medusomyces gisevii had higher BC yields in media with sugar concentrations close to 10 g L−1 after a 18–20 days incubation period. Glucose in general lead to a higher BC yield (173 g L−1) compared to sucrose (163.5 g L−1). The BC crystallinity degree and surface roughness were higher in the samples synthetized from sucrose. Obtained FE-SEM micrographs show that the BC pellicles synthesized in the sucrose media contained densely packed tangles of cellulose fibrils whereas the BC produced in the glucose media displayed rather linear geometry of the BC fibrils without noticeable aggregates.
The eVTOL industry is a rapidly growing mass market expected to start in 2024. eVTOL compete, caused by their predicted missions, with ground-based transportation modes, including mainly passenger cars. Therefore, the automotive and classical aircraft design process is reviewed and compared to highlight advantages for eVTOL development. A special focus is on ergonomic comfort and safety. The need for further investigation of eVTOL’s crashworthiness is outlined by, first, specifying the relevance of passive safety via accident statistics and customer perception analysis; second, comparing the current state of regulation and certification; and third, discussing the advantages of integral safety and applying the automotive safety approach for eVTOL development. Integral safety links active and passive safety, while the automotive safety approach means implementing standardized mandatory full-vehicle crash tests for future eVTOL. Subsequently, possible crash impact conditions are analyzed, and three full-vehicle crash load cases are presented.
This study analyses the expected utilization of an urban distribution grid under high penetration of photovoltaic and e-mobility with charging infrastructure on a residential level. The grid utilization and the corresponding power flow are evaluated, while varying the control strategies and photovoltaic installed capacity in different scenarios. Four scenarios are used to analyze the impact of e-mobility. The individual mobility demand is modelled based on the largest German studies on mobility “Mobilität in Deutschland”, which is carried out every 5 years. To estimate the ramp-up of photovoltaic generation, a potential analysis of the roof surfaces in the supply area is carried out via an evaluation of an open solar potential study. The photovoltaic feed-in time series is derived individually for each installed system in a resolution of 15 min. The residential consumption is estimated using historical smart meter data, which are collected in London between 2012 and 2014. For a realistic charging demand, each residential household decides daily on the state of charge if their vehicle requires to be charged. The resulting charging time series depends on the underlying behavior scenario. Market prices and mobility demand are therefore used as scenario input parameters for a utility function based on the current state of charge to model individual behavior. The aggregated electricity demand is the starting point of the power flow calculation. The evaluation is carried out for an urban region with approximately 3100 residents. The analysis shows that increased penetration of photovoltaics combined with a flexible and adaptive charging strategy can maximize PV usage and reduce the need for congestion-related intervention by the grid operator by reducing the amount of kWh charged from the grid by 30% which reduces the average price of a charged kWh by 35% to 14 ct/kWh from 21.8 ct/kWh without PV optimization. The resulting grid congestions are managed by implementing an intelligent price or control signal. The analysis took place using data from a real German grid with 10 subgrids. The entire software can be adapted for the analysis of different distribution grids and is publicly available as an open-source software library on GitHub.
„ALIGN“ ist ein smartes Möbelsystem, das den individuellen Lebensstil und die Werte der heutigen Gesellschaft widerspiegelt. Es bietet ausreichend Stauraum und ermöglicht es, Objekte gezielt in Szene zu setzen oder in den Hintergrund zu rücken. Das vielseitige System passt sich an unterschiedliche Raum- und Nutzungsszenarien an. Es ermöglicht die individuelle Gestaltung des Wohnraums nach persönlichen Vorlieben und hilft, den Herausforderungen des modernen Lebens gerecht zu werden. „ALIGN“ – eine passende Lösung für jedes Problem.
ADIE : Keramische Fassaden- und Wandverkleidung - Funktion und Wirkung von Schönheit im Design
(2023)
„ADIE“ ist eine Produktfamilie von Keramikplatten und Fliesen mit dreidimensionaler Oberfläche, welche durch Form und Farbe Schönheit zum Ausdruck bringen. Sie sind sowohl im Kontext der Architektur als Fassadenverkleidung anwendbar als auch im Innenbereich als Wandverkleidung. Die Fähigkeit von Schönheit, unsere Umgebung zu transformieren, nimmt eine leitende Rolle in dieser Arbeit ein. Als Inspirationsquelle für die Entwürfe dienten Dinge, die dem allgemeinen Schönheitsempfinden entsprechen: Wasser, Blüten, der Himmel und andere Naturphänomene. Diese wurden abstrahiert, in Reliefs übersetzt und in drei unterschiedliche Module weiterentwickelt. Sie sind konzeptionell frei skalierbar und wurden in Kleinserie im Gussverfahren prototypisiert. Mit „ADIE“ sollte auf die Funktion von Schönheit im Design Bezug genommen werden und etwas entstehen, das einfach „nur“ schön ist.
Sustainability is playing an increasingly important role. Not least due to the definition of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) in the framework of the agenda 2030 by the United Nations (UN) in 2015 (United Nations, n.d.), it has become clear that the cooperation of different actors is needed to achieve the defined 17 goals. Industry, as a global actor, has a special role to play in this. In the course of sustainable production processes and chains, the industry is confronted with the responsibility of reflecting on the consequences of its own trade on an ecological, economic, and also social level and deriving measures that, according to the definition of sustainability (Hauff, 1987), will also enable future generations to satisfy their needs. While the ecological pillar of sustainability is already being addressed by different industrial initiatives (Deloitte, 2021), it is questionable to what extent the economic and, above all, the social pillars of sustainability also play a decisive role. Accordingly, it is questionable to what extent sustainability in its triad of social, ecological, and economic aspects is taken into account holistically at all, and thus to what extent the industry contributes to achieving the 17 goals defined by the UN.
This paper presents a qualitative study that explores these questions. Interviewing 31 representatives from the manufacturing industry in Germany, results indicate a Paradox of Sustainable Production expressed by a theoretical reflection of the need for focusing on people in production processes on the one hand and a lack of addressing the social pillar of sustainability in concepts on the other hand. However, while it is a troublesome finding given the striking need for sustainable development (The-Sustainable-Development-Goals-Report-2022; Kropp 2019; von Hauff 2021; Roy and Singh 2017), the paradox directly lays out a path of resolving it. This is because, given its nature, we can see that we could resolve it via the implementation of strong educational efforts trying to help the respective people of the manufacturing industry to understand the holistic and interdependent character of sustainable development (The-Sustainable-Development-Goals-Report-2022).
1. Die Wirksamkeitsvoraussetzungen der Verdachtskündigung gegenüber einem Arbeitnehmer - Jana Scheilen | Seite 4-66
2. Besteuerungsinkongruenzen im Internationalen Steuerrecht - die Umsetzung der ATAD II in Form des § 4k EStG in Bezug auf hybride Gesellschaften und Betriebsstätten
- Max Peiffer | Seite 67-126
3. Der Zuzug einer Gesellschaft aus einem Drittstaat nach Deutschland - Herausforderungen durch die modifizierte Sitztheorie und Lösungsmöglichkeiten
- Anna-Luisa Görlich | Seite 127-189
4. Escalation of Commitment und seine Einflussfaktoren in der unternehmerischen Entscheidungsfindung: Ein Szenario-Experiment
- Theresa Hacke | Seite 190-245
Inhaltsverzeichnis - Bachelorarbeiten
1. Zukunft der Rente – Kann eine Erwerbstätigenversicherung das
demografische Problem nachhaltig lösen?
- Marcel Sept | Seite 4-73
2. Die versammlungsgebundenen Aktionärsrechte in der neuen
virtuellen Hauptversammlung – eine Bewertung aus Unternehmer- und Aktionärssicht
- Christina Zillinger | Seite 74-130
3. Praxisleitfaden für den Arbeitgeber zum gesetzlichen
Sonderkündigungsschutz – Was muss der Arbeitgeber tun, um durch
Gesetz besonders geschützten Arbeitnehmern kündigen zu können?
- Johanna Wiechert | Seite 131-195
4. Die Steuervergünstigung bei Umstrukturierungen im Konzern nach
§ 6a GrEStG im Lichte der aktuellen Rechtsprechung
- Marius Thelen | Seite 196-265
Companies often build their businesses based on product information and therefore try to automate the process of information extraction (IE). Since the information source is usually heterogeneous and non-standardized, classic extract, transform, load techniques reach their limits. Hence, companies must implement the newest findings from research to tackle the challenges of process automation. They require a flexible and robust system that is extendable and ensures the optimal processing of the different document types. This paper provides a distributed microservice architecture pattern that enables the automated generation of IE pipelines. Since their optimal design is individual for each input document, the system ensures the ad-hoc generation of pipelines depending on specific document characteristics at runtime. Furthermore, it introduces the automated quality determination of each available pipeline and controls the integration of new microservices based on their impact on the business value. The introduced system enables fast prototyping of the newest approaches from research and supports companies in automating their IE processes. Based on the automated quality determination, it ensures that the generated pipelines always meet defined business requirements when they come into productive use.
There is a growing demand for more flexibility in manufacturing to counter the volatility and unpredictability of the markets and provide more individualization for customers. However, the design and implementation of flexibility within manufacturing systems are costly and only economically viable if applicable to actual demand fluctuations. To this end, companies are considering additive manufacturing (AM) to make production more flexible. This paper develops a conceptual model for the impact quantification of AM on volume and mix flexibility within production systems in the early stages of the factory-planning process. Together with the model, an application guideline is presented to help planners with the flexibility quantification and the factory design process. Following the development of the model and guideline, a case study is presented to indicate the potential impact additive technologies can have on manufacturing flexibility Within the case study, various scenarios with different production system configurations and production programs are analyzed, and the impact of the additive technologies on volume and mix flexibility is calculated. This work will allow factory planners to determine the potential impacts of AM on manufacturing flexibility in an early planning stage and design their production systems accordingly.
„550 nm“ befasst sich mit dem physiologischen Farbwechsel von Tieren. Einige Fische, Amphibien und Reptilien – wie beispielsweise das Chamäleon oder der Tintenfisch – können ihre Körperfarbe schnell wechseln. Unsere Natur leidet unter Kriegen und dem Klimawandel und verliert dadurch ihre Schönheit. Diese zeichnet sich vor allem durch die beachtliche Diversität der Körperfärbung von Tieren aus. Die Funktionen erstrecken sich über Tarnung, Auflauern oder Warnung bis hin zu einer Werbefärbung. Nicht nur Tiere nutzen Farbe als Ausdrucks- und Kommunikationsmittel. Auch Designer*innen bedienen sich an Farben, um Stimmungen zu vermitteln oder um Aufmerksamkeit und Individualität zu generieren. In „550 nm“ wird das Phänomen des Farbwechsels durch Illustrationen visualisiert und soll als Inspiration für Designinnovationen dienen.