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Surgical clip applicator
(1996)
This paper describes two courses on
simulation methods for graduate students:
“Simulation Methods” and “Simulation and
Optimization in Virtual Engineering” The
courses were planned to teach young engineers
how to work with simulation software as well as
to understand the necessary mathematical background.
As simulation software COMSOL is
used. The main philosophy was to combine
theory and praxis in a way that motivates the
students. In addition “soft skills” should be
improved. This was achieved by project work as
final examination. As underlying didactical principle
the ideas of Bloom’s revised taxonomy
were followed. The paper basically focusses on
educational aspects, e.g. how to structure the
course, plan the exercises, organize the project
work and include practical COMSOL examples.
Technical assessment of Brayton cycle heat pumps for the integration in hybrid PV-CSP power plants
(2022)
The hybridization of Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) and Photovoltaics (PV) systems is a promising approach to reduce costs of solar power plants, while increasing dispatchability and flexibility of power generation. High temperature heat pumps (HT HP) can be utilized to boost the salt temperature in the thermal energy storage (TES) of a Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) system from 385 °C up to 565 °C. A PV field can supply the power for the HT HP, thus effectively storing the PV power as thermal energy. Besides cost-efficiently storing energy from the PV field, the power block efficiency of the overall system is improved due to the higher steam parameters. This paper presents a technical assessment of Brayton cycle heat pumps to be integrated in hybrid PV-CSP power plants. As a first step, a theoretical analysis was carried out to find the most suitable working fluid. The analysis included the fluids Air, Argon (Ar), Nitrogen (N2) and Carbon dioxide (CO2). N2 has been chosen as the optimal working fluid for the system. After the selection of the ideal working medium, different concepts for the arrangement of a HT HP in a PV-CSP hybrid power plant were developed and simulated in EBSILON®Professional. The concepts were evaluated technically by comparing the number of components required, pressure losses and coefficient of performance (COP).
One of the most important parameters in a burning chamber - in power stations, in waste to energy plants - is the temperature. This temperature is in the range of 700-1500 °C - one of the most advanced measuring methods being the acoustic pyrometry with the possibility of producing temperature mapping in one level of the burning chamber - comparable to computer tomography. The results of these measurements discussed in the presentation can be used - to fulfil the legal requirements in the FRG or in the EU - to equalise the temperature in one level of the burning chamber to optimise the steam production (better efficiency of the plant) and to minimise the production of temperature controlled flue gas components (NO, CO a. o.) - to control the SNCR-process if used.
Textile reinforced concrete. Part I: Process model for collaborative research and development
(2003)
The adsorption of fluor-carbon complexes on GaAs(110) studied by electron energy loss spectroscopy
(1986)
With proven impact of statistical fracture analysis on fracture classifications, it is desirable to minimize the manual work and to maximize repeatability of this approach. We address this with an algorithm that reduces the manual effort to segmentation, fragment identification and reduction. The fracture edge detection and heat map generation are performed automatically. With the same input, the algorithm always delivers the same output. The tool transforms one intact template consecutively onto each fractured specimen by linear least square optimization, detects the fragment edges in the template and then superimposes them to generate a fracture probability heat map.
We hypothesized that the algorithm runs faster than the manual evaluation and with low (< 5 mm) deviation. We tested the hypothesis in 10 fractured proximal humeri and found that it performs with good accuracy (2.5 mm ± 2.4 mm averaged Euclidean distance) and speed (23 times faster). When applied to a distal humerus, a tibia plateau, and a scaphoid fracture, the run times were low (1–2 min), and the detected edges correct by visual judgement. In the geometrically complex acetabulum, at a run time of 78 min some outliers were considered acceptable. An automatically generated fracture probability heat map based on 50 proximal humerus fractures matches the areas of high risk of fracture reported in medical literature.
Such automation of the fracture analysis method is advantageous and could be extended to reduce the manual effort even further.
Cryopumps without liquid nitrogen shielding are used to provide a vacuum of 10−6 torr in the spectrometer. The vacuum system is subdivided in three sections that can be separated by valves.
The first section (scattering chamber) has a volume of 60 l, two rotation transmissions with 35 cm dia and a sliding seal that allows a rotation of 160° without deteriorating the vacuum. The second section includes the vacuum chambers inside the magnets with 6 × 80 cm cross-section and a length of 1200 cm. The third section (detector box) has a volume of 4300 l and contains a moveable detector system. The gas inside the detector with a pressure of 760 torr is separated from the vacuum by a 15 μm mylar foil with an area of 300 cm2. The detector box can be valved off by a valve with the dimension of 10 × 100 cm.
The layout of system is given. The instrumentation and the interlock system are described. First experiences with this system are presented.