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Control engineering theory is hard to grasp for undergraduates during the first semesters, as it deals with the dynamical behavior of systems also in combination with control strategies on an abstract level. Therefore, operational amplifier (OpAmp) processes are reasonable and very effective systems to connect mathematical description with actual system’s behavior. In this paper, we present an experiment for a laboratory session in which an embedded system, driven by a LabVIEW human machine interface (HMI) via USB, controls the analog circuits.With this setup we want to show the possibility of firstly, analyzing a first order process and secondly, designing a P-and PI-controller. Thereby, the theory of control engineering is always applied to the empirical results in order to break down the abstract level for the students.
Dipl.-Ing. Hartmut Hoevel - Erftverband, Bergheim. 3 Seiten (S. 75-77). Beitrag zum 2. Aachener Softwaretag in der Wasserwirtschaft <2, 2009, Aachen> Die Erft ist ein linker Nebenfluss des Rheins. Der Fluss ist durch eingeleitetes Sümpfungswasser aus dem rheinischen Braunkohletagebau hinsichtlich der Wassermenge und der Temperatur stark belastet. Die vorgestellten Überlegungen betreffen die Fragen: 1. Wie soll die Erft im Jahr 2045, also nach dem voraussichtlichen Ende der Tagebauaktivitäten im Rheinischen Braunkohlerevier und damit einhergehender Beenigung der Sümpfungswassereinleitung, aussehen? 2. Wie schnell und auf welche Weise soll die Umgestaltung der Erft vonstatten gehen?
The potential of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for the environmental biomonitoring of plants
(2019)
In the current environmental condition, the increase in pollution of the air, water, and soil indirectly will induce plants stress and decrease vegetation growth rate. These issues pay more attention to be solved by scientists worldwide. The higher level of chemical pollutants also induced the gradual changes in plants metabolism and decreased enzymatic activity. Importantly, environmental biomonitoring may play a pivotal contribution to prevent biodiversity degradation and plants stress due to pollutant exposure. Several previous studies have been done to monitor the effect of environmental changes on plants growth. Among that, Near Infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) offers an alternative way to observe the significant alteration of plant physiology caused by environmental damage related to pollution. Impairment of photosynthesis, nutrient and oxidative imbalances, and mutagenesis.
Solar tower power plants
(2008)
Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. (KHI), Aachen University of Applied Sciences, and B&B-AGEMA GmbH have investigated the potential of low NOx micro-mix (MMX) hydrogen combustion and its application to an industrial gas turbine combustor. Engine demonstration tests of a MMX combustor for the M1A-17 gas turbine with a co-generation system were conducted in the hydrogen-fueled power generation plant in Kobe City, Japan.
This paper presents the results of the commissioning test and the combined heat and power (CHP) supply demonstration. In the commissioning test, grid interconnection, loading tests and load cut-off tests were successfully conducted. All measurement results satisfied the Japanese environmental regulation values. Dust and soot as well as SOx were not detected. The NOx emissions were below 84 ppmv at 15 % O2. The noise level at the site boundary was below 60 dB. The vibration at the site boundary was below 45 dB.
During the combined heat and power supply demonstration, heat and power were supplied to neighboring public facilities with the MMX combustion technology and 100 % hydrogen fuel. The electric power output reached 1800 kW at which the NOx emissions were 72 ppmv at 15 % O2, and 60 %RH. Combustion instabilities were not observed. The gas turbine efficiency was improved by about 1 % compared to a non-premixed type combustor with water injection as NOx reduction method. During a total equivalent operation time of 1040 hours, all combustor parts, the M1A-17 gas turbine as such, and the co-generation system were without any issues.
Application of Low NOx Micro-mix Hydrogen Combustion to 2MW Class Industrial Gas Turbine Combustor
(2019)
Kawasaki Heavy Industries, LTD. (KHI) has research and development projects for a future hydrogen society. These projects comprise the complete hydrogen cycle, including the production of hydrogen gas, the refinement and liquefaction for transportation and storage, and finally the utilization in a gas turbine for electricity and heat supply. Within the development of the hydrogen gas turbine, the key technology is stable and low NOx hydrogen combustion, namely the Dry Low NOx (DLN) hydrogen combustion.
KHI, Aachen University of Applied Science, and B&B-AGEMA have investigated the possibility of low NOx micro-mix hydrogen combustion and its application to an industrial gas turbine combustor. From 2014 to 2018, KHI developed a DLN hydrogen combustor for a 2MW class industrial gas turbine with the micro-mix technology. Thereby, the ignition performance, the flame stability for equivalent rotational speed, and higher load conditions were investigated. NOx emission values were kept about half of the Air Pollution Control Law in Japan: 84ppm (O2-15%). Hereby, the elementary combustor development was completed.
From May 2020, KHI started the engine demonstration operation by using an M1A-17 gas turbine with a co-generation system located in the hydrogen-fueled power generation plant in Kobe City, Japan. During the first engine demonstration tests, adjustments of engine starting and load control with fuel staging were investigated. On 21st May, the electrical power output reached 1,635 kW, which corresponds to 100% load (ambient temperature 20 °C), and thereby NOx emissions of 65 ppm (O2-15, 60 RH%) were verified. Here, for the first time, a DLN hydrogen-fueled gas turbine successfully generated power and heat.
Mischwassereinleitungen in Gewässer nach BWK Merkblatt M3 - Vorteile des detaillierten Nachweises
(2009)
Dipl.-Ing. Brigitte Huber und Dr.-Ing. Gerd Demny - Wasserverband Eifel Rur, Düren. 16 Seiten ( S. 59-74). Beitrag zum 2. Aachener Softwaretag in der Wasserwirtschaft <2, 2009, Aachen> Zusammenfassung [der Autoren] Für das städtisch geprägte Einzugsgebiet des Broicher Baches sind ein vereinfachter und ein detaillierter Nachweis nach BWK-M3 durchgeführt worden. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die Methodik des vereinfachten Nachweises nicht geeignet ist, um eine realitätsnahe Abbildung der einleitungsgeprägten Abflüsse des Gewässers zu erhalten. Dies ist insbesondere auf die Vernachlässigung von Wellentranslation und -retention im Gerinne zurückzuführen. Die dadurch entstehende Fehleinschätzung der Abflussverhältnisse versperrt den Blick auf eine situationsgerechte Maßnahmenplanung. Der mit Hilfe eines NA-Modells geführte detaillierte Nachweis ist zwar in der Erstellung aufwändiger, zeichnet aber ein reales Bild der Abflusserhöhung durch Einleitungen. Mit Hilfe des Modells können die wesentlichen Einflüsse schnell lokalisiert und zielführende Maßnahmenvarianten identifiziert werden. In dem hier vorgestellten Beispiel des Broicher Baches können die ursprünglich identifizierten acht Maßnahmen auf eine reduziert werden. Das Gesamtvolumen der erforderlichen Rückhaltungen wird um die Hälfte verringert. Der Vergleich beider Nachweismethoden legt nach Ansicht der Autoren nahe, den vereinfachten Nachweis höchstens für eine erste Einschätzung des Maßnahmenbedarfs anzuwenden. Die Maßnahmenidentifikation und -dimensionierung sollte grundsätzlich mit der detaillierten Nachweismethode durchgeführt werden, die auf einem entsprechenden NA-Modell basiert. Dies gilt insbesondere für Gewässerstrecken, deren Abfluss durch mehrere, hintereinander liegende Einleitungsstellen geprägt ist.
Multi-parameter detection for supporting monitoring and control of biogas processes in agriculture
(2014)
Chemische Sensoren mit Bariumstrontiumtitanat als funktionelle Schicht zur Multiparameterdetektion
(2013)
The discovery of human induced pluripotent stem cells reprogrammed from somatic cells [1] and their ability to differentiate into cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) has provided a robust platform for drug screening [2]. Drug screenings are essential in the development of new components, particularly for evaluating the potential of drugs to induce life-threatening pro-arrhythmias. Between 1988 and 2009, 14 drugs have been removed from the market for this reason [3]. The microelectrode array (MEA) technique is a robust tool for drug screening as it detects the field potentials (FPs) for the entire cell culture. Furthermore, the propagation of the field potential can be examined on an electrode basis. To analyze MEA measurements in detail, we have developed an open-source tool.
In this paper the way to a 5-day-car with respect to a modular valve train systems for spark ignited combustion engines is shown. The necessary product diversity is shift from mechanical or physical components to software components. Therefore, significant improvements of logistic indicators are expected and shown. The working principle of a camless cylinder head with respect to an electromagnetical valve train (EMVT) is explained and it is demonstrated that shifting physical diversity to software is feasible. The future design of combustion engine systems including customisation can be supported by a set of assistance tools which is shown exemplary.
In Europe, efforts are underway to develop key technologies that can be used to explore the Moon and to exploit the resources available. This includes technologies for in-situ resource utilization (ISRU), facilitating the possibility of a future Moon Village. The Moon is the next step for humans and robots to exploit the use of available resources for longer term missions, but also for further exploration of the solar system. A challenge for effective exploration missions is to achieve a compact and lightweight robot to reduce launch costs and open up the possibility of secondary payload options. Current micro rover concepts are primarily designed to last for one day of solar illumination and show a low level of autonomy. Extending the lifetime of the system by enabling survival of the lunar night and implementing a high level of autonomy will significantly increase potential mission applications and the operational range. As a reference mission, the deployment of a micro rover in the equatorial region of the Moon is being considered. An overview of mission parameters and a detailed example mission sequence is given in this paper. The mission parameters are based on an in-depth study of current space agency roadmaps, scientific goals, and upcoming flight opportunities. Furthermore, concepts of the ongoing international micro rover developments are analyzed along with technology solutions identified for survival of lunar nights and a high system autonomy. The results provide a basis of a concise requirements set-up to allow dedicated system developments and qualification measures in the future.
Complexity for heterogeneous classes: teaching embedded systems using an open project approach
(2019)
The course Physics for Electrical Engineering is part of the curriculum of the bachelor program Electrical Engineering at University of Applied Science Aachen.
Before covid-19 the course was conducted in a rather traditional way with all parts (lecture, exercise and lab) face-to-face. This teaching approach changed fundamentally within a week when the covid-19 limitations forced all courses to distance learning. All parts of the course were transformed to pure distance learning including synchronous and asynchronous parts for the lecture, live online-sessions for the exercises and self-paced labs at home. Using these methods, the course was able to impart the required knowledge and competencies. Taking the teacher’s observations of the student’s learning behaviour and engagement, the formal and informal feedback of the students and the results of the exams into account, the new methods are evaluated with respect to effectiveness, sustainability and suitability for competence transfer. Based on this analysis strong and weak points of the concept and countermeasures to solve the weak points were identified. The analysis further leads to a sustainable teaching approach combining synchronous and asynchronous parts with self-paced learning times that can be used in a very flexible manner for different learning scenarios, pure online, hybrid (mixture of online and presence times) and pure presence teaching.
Wireless CAN
(2018)
Das vorgestellte System zu Wireless CAN bietet die Möglichkeit, CAN kabellos zu übertragen. Beide vorgestellten und entwickelten Konzepte funktionieren korrekt und ermöglichen den Auf-bau von kabellosen CAN Schnittstellen. Durch den kleinen Aufbau kann diese Technologie auch für eingebettete Systeme verwendet werden. Zudem bietet dieser Ansatz die Möglichkeit, durch die Entwicklung von geeigneten ICs die Größe des Systems bis auf Bauteilgröße zu reduzieren, um eine noch bessere Integration in eingebettete Systeme zu ermöglichen. Dadurch wird die Technologie attraktiv für Einsatzgebiete, wo die oben aufgelisteten Vorteile zum Tragen kommen können. Diese Einsatzgebiete können sowohl im Automobil als auch im Industriebereich liegen.
In addition to the technical content, modern courses at university should also teach professional skills to enhance the competencies of students towards their future work. The competency driven approach including technical as well as professional skills makes it necessary to find a suitable way for the integration into the corresponding module in a scalable and flexible manner. Agile development, for example, is essential for the development of modern systems and applications and makes use of dedicated professional skills of the team members, like structured group dynamics and communication, to enable the fast and reliable development. This paper presents an easy to integrate and flexible approach to integrate Scrum, an agile development method, into the lab of an existing module. Due to the different role models of Scrum the students have an individual learning success, gain valuable insight into modern system development and strengthen their communication and organization skills. The approach is implemented and evaluated in the module Vehicle Systems, but it can be transferred easily to other technical courses as well. The evaluation of the implementation considers feedback of all stakeholders, students, supervisor and lecturers, and monitors the observations during project lifetime.
Project work and inter disciplinarity are integral parts of today's engineering work. It is therefore important to incorporate these aspects into the curriculum of academic studies of engineering. At the faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology an interdisciplinary project is part of the bachelor program to address these topics. Since the summer term 2020 most courses changed to online mode during the Covid-19 crisis including the interdisciplinary projects. This online mode introduces additional challenges to the execution of the projects, both for the students as well as for the lecture. The challenges, but also the risks and chances of this kind of project courses are subject of this paper, based on five different interdisciplinary projects
Communication via serial bus systems, like CAN, plays an important role for all kinds of embedded electronic and mechatronic systems. To cope up with the requirements for functional safety of safety-critical applications, there is a need to enhance the safety features of the communication systems. One measure to achieve a more robust communication is to add redundant data transmission path to the applications. In general, the communication of real-time embedded systems like automotive applications is tethered, and the redundant data transmission lines are also tethered, increasing the size of the wiring harness and the weight of the system. A radio link is preferred as a redundant transmission line as it uses a complementary transmission medium compared to the wired solution and in addition reduces wiring harness size and weight. Standard wireless links like Wi-Fi or Bluetooth cannot meet the requirements for real-time capability with regard to bus communication. Using the new dual-mode radio enables a redundant transmission line meeting all requirements with regard to real-time capability, robustness and transparency for the data bus. In addition, it provides a complementary transmission medium with regard to commonly used tethered links. A CAN bus system is used to demonstrate the redundant data transfer via tethered and wireless CAN.
Kraft-Wärme-Kälte-Kopplung im Leistungsbereich in 10kW mit periodisch arbeitender Sorptionsmaschine
(2009)
The paper presents a method for the quantitative assessment of choroidal blood flow using an OCT-A system. The developed technique for processing of OCT-A scans is divided into two stages. At the first stage, the identification of the boundaries in the selected portion was performed. At the second stage, each pixel mark on the selected layer was represented as a volume unit, a voxel, which characterizes the region of moving blood. Three geometric shapes were considered to represent the voxel. On the example of one OCT-A scan, this work presents a quantitative assessment of the blood flow index. A possible modification of two-stage algorithm based on voxel scan processing is presented.