MDPI
Refine
Year of publication
Institute
- Fachbereich Medizintechnik und Technomathematik (33)
- INB - Institut für Nano- und Biotechnologien (28)
- IfB - Institut für Bioengineering (15)
- Fachbereich Chemie und Biotechnologie (14)
- Fachbereich Maschinenbau und Mechatronik (10)
- Nowum-Energy (6)
- Fachbereich Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik (5)
- Fachbereich Energietechnik (5)
- MASKOR Institut für Mobile Autonome Systeme und Kognitive Robotik (5)
- ECSM European Center for Sustainable Mobility (3)
Language
- English (83)
Document Type
- Article (81)
- Book (1)
- Conference Proceeding (1)
Keywords
- frequency mixing magnetic detection (4)
- additive manufacturing (3)
- capacitive field-effect sensor (3)
- magnetic nanoparticles (3)
- tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) (3)
- bacterial cellulose (2)
- damage (2)
- factory planning (2)
- field-effect sensor (2)
- fused filament fabrication (2)
- impedance spectroscopy (2)
- light-addressable potentiometric sensor (2)
- manufacturing flexibility (2)
- microfluidics (2)
- prebiotic (2)
- rapid tooling (2)
- 1P hub loads (1)
- 316L (1)
- Additive manufacturing (1)
- Aeroelasticity (1)
- Bacillus atrophaeus spores (1)
- Benchmark (1)
- Biological hydrogen (1)
- Bragg peak (1)
- CO2 emission reduction targets (1)
- DPA (dipicolinic acid) (1)
- Dark fermentation (1)
- Driving cycle recognition (1)
- ECMS (1)
- Energy management strategies (1)
- Flutter (1)
- Frequency mixing magnetic detection (1)
- Hydrolysis (1)
- LPBF (1)
- Lab-on-Chip (1)
- Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (1)
- Langevin theory (1)
- LbL films (1)
- Lidar (1)
- MOS (1)
- MUT measurement; scanner (1)
- Magnetic nanoparticles (1)
- Micromagnetic simulation (1)
- Modelica (1)
- Nonequilibrium dynamics (1)
- Organic waste (1)
- Predictive battery discharge (1)
- Pretreatment (1)
- Propeller whirl flutter (1)
- Raman spectroscopy (1)
- SFCW (1)
- SLM (1)
- SOA (1)
- Self-driving (1)
- Sn₃O₄ (1)
- TMV adsorption (1)
- Ta₂O₅ gate (1)
- Thermal conductivity (1)
- Unsteady aerodynamics (1)
- actuator-sensor system (1)
- adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) (1)
- agility (1)
- aminooctanethiol (1)
- anisotropy (1)
- aquaculture (1)
- artificial intelligence (1)
- artificial olfactory image (1)
- aseptic parameters (1)
- autonomous navigation (1)
- bi-enzyme biosensor (1)
- biaxial tensile experiment (1)
- bio-methane (1)
- biodegradable polymers (1)
- biofilms (1)
- biological dosimeter (1)
- biopotential electrodes (1)
- biosensor (1)
- biosensors (1)
- borehole disposal (1)
- bubble column (1)
- building energy modelling (1)
- building energy simulation (1)
- capacitive model (1)
- catalytic metal (1)
- cell aerosolization (1)
- cell atomization (1)
- chemical sensor (1)
- chip-based sensor setup (1)
- coculture (1)
- colorization (1)
- community dwelling (1)
- compression behavior (1)
- constitutive modeling (1)
- control gate (1)
- correlation (1)
- coupled Néel–Brownian relaxation dynamics (1)
- crop yield (1)
- crystallization (1)
- deficit irrigation (1)
- disposal facility (1)
- distribution grid simulation (1)
- e-mobility (1)
- earthquake engineering (1)
- electrical conductivity of liquids (1)
- electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor capacitors (1)
- electronic nose (1)
- enzyme cascade (1)
- enzyme kinetics (1)
- enzyme-logic gate (1)
- equivalent circuit (1)
- exopolysaccharides (1)
- field-effect structure (1)
- forehead EEG (1)
- frequency mixing (1)
- fuel cell vehicle (1)
- gas sensor (1)
- gaseous hydrogen peroxide (1)
- geological disposal (1)
- glucose oxidase (GOx) (1)
- glycine (1)
- gold nanoparticles (1)
- granular silo (1)
- harmonic radar (1)
- healthy aging (1)
- heat demand (1)
- heat transfer coefficient (1)
- heavy metals (1)
- horseradish peroxidase (HRP) (1)
- hydrogel (1)
- hydrogels (1)
- hyperelastic (1)
- hypoplasticity (1)
- immobilization (1)
- in-ear EEG (1)
- infill strategy (1)
- intelligent control (1)
- intelligent energy management (1)
- key performance indicators (1)
- large-scale inspection (1)
- light-addressable electrode (1)
- light-addressing technologies (1)
- low-rank coal (1)
- machine learning (1)
- magnetic beads (1)
- magnetic biosensing (1)
- magnetic relaxation (1)
- magnetic sandwich immunoassay (1)
- magnetic sensing (1)
- magnetic sensors (1)
- manufacturing data model (1)
- mathematical optimization (1)
- metal-oxide-semiconductor structure (1)
- methanation (1)
- micromagnetic simulation (1)
- micronutrients (1)
- mix flexibility (1)
- mobile manipulation (1)
- multi-sensing platform (1)
- multianalyte detection (1)
- multiparametric immunoassays (1)
- multiplex detection (1)
- nanobelts (1)
- nanoparticle coverage (1)
- neutrons (1)
- nonlinear radar (1)
- nonlinear transient analyses (1)
- nuclear waste (1)
- on-chip integrated addressable EISCAP sensors (1)
- onion (1)
- optical fibers (1)
- optical sensor setup (1)
- optical trapping (1)
- optimization system (1)
- penicillinase (1)
- plant virus detection (1)
- plug flow reactor (1)
- plug-based microfluidic device (1)
- polyaspartic acid (1)
- polyetheretherketone (1)
- polyetheretherketone (PEEK) (1)
- power-to-gas (1)
- prevention (1)
- production planning and control (1)
- proton therapy (1)
- protons (1)
- psychosocial (1)
- pullulan (1)
- relative dosimetry (1)
- remote sensing (1)
- retention time (1)
- scanned light pulse technique (1)
- service-oriented architectures (1)
- slum classification (1)
- smart-charging (1)
- smooth muscle contraction (1)
- soil amendment (1)
- soil health (1)
- soil remediation (1)
- spore kill rate (1)
- sterility (1)
- sterilization (1)
- strain energy function (1)
- superabsorbent polymers (1)
- superparamagnetic nanoparticles (1)
- surface-orthogonal path planning (1)
- survival (1)
- swelling properties (1)
- technology planning (1)
- thermometry (1)
- transponder (1)
- tri-lineage differentiation (1)
- turnip vein clearing virus (TVCV) (1)
- twin-fluid atomizer (1)
- urease (1)
- virgin passive (1)
- viscoelasticity (1)
- visualization (1)
- volume flexibility (1)
- water economy (1)
- water supply design (1)
- wind turbine production (1)
- yield (1)
Zugriffsart
- weltweit (81)
Ensuring access to water and sanitation for all is Goal No. 6 of the 17 UN Sustainability Development Goals to transform our world. As one step towards this goal, we present an approach that leverages remote sensing data to plan optimal water supply networks for informal urban settlements. The concept focuses on slums within large urban areas, which are often characterized by a lack of an appropriate water supply. We apply methods of mathematical optimization aiming to find a network describing the optimal supply infrastructure. Hereby, we choose between different decentral and central approaches combining supply by motorized vehicles with supply by pipe systems. For the purposes of illustration, we apply the approach to two small slum clusters in Dhaka and Dar es Salaam. We show our optimization results, which represent the lowest cost water supply systems possible. Additionally, we compare the optimal solutions of the two clusters (also for varying input parameters, such as population densities and slum size development over time) and describe how the result of the optimization depends on the entered remote sensing data.
Dual frequency magnetic excitation of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) enables enhanced biosensing applications. This was studied from an experimental and theoretical perspective: nonlinear sum-frequency components of MNP exposed to dual-frequency magnetic excitation were measured as a function of static magnetic offset field. The Langevin model in thermodynamic equilibrium was fitted to the experimental data to derive parameters of the lognormal core size distribution. These parameters were subsequently used as inputs for micromagnetic Monte-Carlo (MC)-simulations. From the hysteresis loops obtained from MC-simulations, sum-frequency components were numerically demodulated and compared with both experiment and Langevin model predictions. From the latter, we derived that approximately 90% of the frequency mixing magnetic response signal is generated by the largest 10% of MNP. We therefore suggest that small particles do not contribute to the frequency mixing signal, which is supported by MC-simulation results. Both theoretical approaches describe the experimental signal shapes well, but with notable differences between experiment and micromagnetic simulations. These deviations could result from Brownian relaxations which are, albeit experimentally inhibited, included in MC-simulation, or (yet unconsidered) cluster-effects of MNP, or inaccurately derived input for MC-simulations, because the largest particles dominate the experimental signal but concurrently do not fulfill the precondition of thermodynamic equilibrium required by Langevin theory.
As a low-input crop, Miscanthus offers numerous advantages that, in addition to agricultural applications, permits its exploitation for energy, fuel, and material production. Depending on the Miscanthus genotype, season, and harvest time as well as plant component (leaf versus stem), correlations between structure and properties of the corresponding isolated lignins differ. Here, a comparative study is presented between lignins isolated from M. x giganteus, M. sinensis, M. robustus and M. nagara using a catalyst-free organosolv pulping process. The lignins from different plant constituents are also compared regarding their similarities and differences regarding monolignol ratio and important linkages. Results showed that the plant genotype has the weakest influence on monolignol content and interunit linkages. In contrast, structural differences are more significant among lignins of different harvest time and/or season. Analyses were performed using fast and simple methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Data was assigned to four different linkages (A: β-O-4 linkage, B: phenylcoumaran, C: resinol, D: β-unsaturated ester). In conclusion, A content is particularly high in leaf-derived lignins at just under 70% and significantly lower in stem and mixture lignins at around 60% and almost 65%. The second most common linkage pattern is D in all isolated lignins, the proportion of which is also strongly dependent on the crop portion. Both stem and mixture lignins, have a relatively high share of approximately 20% or more (maximum is M. sinensis Sin2 with over 30%). In the leaf-derived lignins, the proportions are significantly lower on average. Stem samples should be chosen if the highest possible lignin content is desired, specifically from the M. x giganteus genotype, which revealed lignin contents up to 27%. Due to the better frost resistance and higher stem stability, M. nagara offers some advantages compared to M. x giganteus. Miscanthus crops are shown to be very attractive lignocellulose feedstock (LCF) for second generation biorefineries and lignin generation in Europe.
Exercise training effectively mitigates aging-induced health and fitness impairments. Traditional training recommendations for the elderly focus separately on relevant physiological fitness domains, such as balance, flexibility, strength and endurance. Thus, a more holistic and functional training framework is needed. The proposed agility training concept integratively tackles spatial orientation, stop and go, balance and strength. The presented protocol aims at introducing a two-armed, one-year randomized controlled trial, evaluating the effects of this concept on neuromuscular, cardiovascular, cognitive and psychosocial health outcomes in healthy older adults. Eighty-five participants were enrolled in this ongoing trial. Seventy-nine participants completed baseline testing and were block-randomized to the agility training group or the inactive control group. All participants undergo pre- and post-testing with interim assessment after six months. The intervention group currently receives supervised, group-based agility training twice a week over one year, with progressively demanding perceptual, cognitive and physical exercises. Knee extension strength, reactive balance, dual task gait speed and the Agility Challenge for the Elderly (ACE) serve as primary endpoints and neuromuscular, cognitive, cardiovascular, and psychosocial meassures serve as surrogate secondary outcomes. Our protocol promotes a comprehensive exercise training concept for older adults, that might facilitate stakeholders in health and exercise to stimulate relevant health outcomes without relying on excessively time-consuming physical activity recommendations.
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a promising material for biomedical applications due to its unique properties such as high mechanical strength and biocompatibility. This article describes the microbiological synthesis, modification, and characterization of the obtained BC-nanocomposites originating from symbiotic consortium Medusomyces gisevii. Two BC-modifications have been obtained: BC-Ag and BC-calcium phosphate (BC-Ca3(PO4)2). Structure and physicochemical properties of the BC and its modifications were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and infrared Fourier spectroscopy as well as by measurements of mechanical and water holding/absorbing capacities. Topographic analysis of the surface revealed multicomponent thick fibrils (150–160 nm in diameter and about 15 µm in length) constituted by 50–60 nm nanofibrils weaved into a left-hand helix. Distinctive features of Ca-phosphate-modified BC samples were (a) the presence of 500–700 nm entanglements and (b) inclusions of Ca3(PO4)2 crystals. The samples impregnated with Ag nanoparticles exhibited numerous roundish inclusions, about 110 nm in diameter. The boundaries between the organic and inorganic phases were very distinct in both cases. The Ag-modified samples also showed a prominent waving pattern in the packing of nanofibrils. The obtained BC gel films possessed water-holding capacity of about 62.35 g/g. However, the dried (to a constant mass) BC-films later exhibited a low water absorption capacity (3.82 g/g). It was found that decellularized BC samples had 2.4 times larger Young’s modulus and 2.2 times greater tensile strength as compared to dehydrated native BC films. We presume that this was caused by molecular compaction of the BC structure.
Plant virus-like particles, and in particular, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) particles, are increasingly being used in nano- and biotechnology as well as for biochemical sensing purposes as nanoscaffolds for the high-density immobilization of receptor molecules. The sensitive parameters of TMV-assisted biosensors depend, among others, on the density of adsorbed TMV particles on the sensor surface, which is affected by both the adsorption conditions and surface properties of the sensor. In this work, Ta₂O₅-gate field-effect capacitive sensors have been applied for the label-free electrical detection of TMV adsorption. The impact of the TMV concentration on both the sensor signal and the density of TMV particles adsorbed onto the Ta₂O₅-gate surface has been studied systematically by means of field-effect and scanning electron microscopy methods. In addition, the surface density of TMV particles loaded under different incubation times has been investigated. Finally, the field-effect sensor also demonstrates the label-free detection of penicillinase immobilization as model bioreceptor on TMV particles.
Silos generally work as storage structures between supply and demand for various goods, and their structural safety has long been of interest to the civil engineering profession. This is especially true for dynamically loaded silos, e.g., in case of seismic excitation. Particularly thin-walled cylindrical silos are highly vulnerable to seismic induced pressures, which can cause critical buckling phenomena of the silo shell. The analysis of silos can be carried out in two different ways. In the first, the seismic loading is modeled through statically equivalent loads acting on the shell. Alternatively, a time history analysis might be carried out, in which nonlinear phenomena due to the filling as well as the interaction between the shell and the granular material are taken into account. The paper presents a comparison of these approaches. The model used for the nonlinear time history analysis considers the granular material by means of the intergranular strain approach for hypoplasticity theory. The interaction effects between the granular material and the shell is represented by contact elements. Additionally, soil–structure interaction effects are taken into account.
Multi-enzyme immobilization onto a capacitive field-effect biosensor by nano-spotting technique is presented. The nano-spotting technique allows to immobilize different enzymes simultaneously on the sensor surface with high spatial resolution without additional photolithographical patterning. The amount of applied enzymatic cocktail on the sensor surface can be tailored. Capacitive electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) field-effect sensors with Ta2O5 as pH-sensitive transducer layer have been chosen to immobilize the three different (pL droplets) enzymes penicillinase, urease, and glucose oxidase. Nano-spotting immobilization is compared to conventional drop-coating method by defining different geometrical layouts on the sensor surface (fully, half-, and quarter-spotted). The drop diameter is varying between 84 µm and 102 µm, depending on the number of applied drops (1 to 4) per spot. For multi-analyte detection, penicillinase and urease are simultaneously nano-spotted on the EIS sensor. Sensor characterization was performed by C/V (capacitance/voltage) and ConCap (constant capacitance) measurements. Average penicillin, glucose, and urea sensitivities for the spotted enzymes were 81.7 mV/dec, 40.5 mV/dec, and 68.9 mV/dec, respectively.