570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie
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A concept for a sensitive micro total analysis system for high throughput fluorescence imaging
(2006)
This paper discusses possible methods for on-chip fluorescent imaging for integrated bio-sensors. The integration of optical and electro-optical accessories, according to suggested methods, can improve the performance of fluorescence imaging. It can boost the signal to background ratio by a few orders of magnitudes in comparison to conventional discrete setups. The methods that are present in this paper are oriented towards building reproducible arrays for high-throughput micro total analysis systems (µTAS). The first method relates to side illumination of the fluorescent material placed into microcompartments of the lab-on-chip. Its significance is in high utilization of excitation energy for low concentration of fluorescent material. The utilization of a transparent µLED chip, for the second method, allows the placement of the excitation light sources on the same optical axis with emission detector, such that the excitation and emission rays are directed controversly. The third method presents a spatial filtering of the excitation background.
The ANM’09 multi-disciplinary scientific program includes topics in the fields of "Nanotechnology and Microelectronics" ranging from "Bio/Micro/Nano Materials and Interfacing" aspects, "Chemical and Bio-Sensors", "Magnetic and Superconducting Devices", "MEMS and Microfluidics" over "Theoretical Aspects, Methods and Modelling" up to the important bridging "Academics meet Industry".
This paper reports a first microbial biosensor for rapid and cost-effective determination of organophosphorus pesticides fenitrothion and EPN. The biosensor consisted of recombinant PNP-degrading/oxidizing bacteria Pseudomonas putida JS444 anchoring and displaying organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) on its cell surface as biological sensing element and a dissolved oxygen electrode as the transducer. Surfaceexpressed OPH catalyzed the hydrolysis of fenitrothion and EPN to release 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol and p-nitrophenol, respectively, which were oxidized by the enzymatic machinery of Pseudomonas putida JS444 to carbon dioxide while consuming oxygen, which was measured and correlated to the concentration of organophosphates. Under the optimum operating conditions, the biosensor was able to measure as low as 277 ppb of fenitrothion and 1.6 ppm of EPN without interference from phenolic compounds and other commonly used pesticides such as carbamate pesticides, triazine herbicides and organophosphate pesticides without nitrophenyl substituent. The applicability of the biosensor to lake water was also demonstrated.
An H2O2 sensor for the application in industrial sterilisation processes has been developed. Therefore, automated sterilisation equipment at laboratory scale has been constructed using parts from industrial sterilisation facilities. In addition, a software tool has been developed for the control of the sterilisation equipment at laboratory scale. First measurements with the developed sensor set-up as part of the sterilisation equipment have been performed and the sensor has been physically characterised by optical microscopy and SEM.
Diese Studie beschäftigte sich mit der Dämpfungswirkung von Schienbeinschonern, wie sie beim Fußball zum Einsatz kommen. Sie wurde mit Hilfe eines Pendelhammers durchgeführt, der verschiedene Aufschlagkräfte auf die Schoner ermöglichte. Dabei wurde deutlich, dass Schienbeinschoner die beste Wirkung bei Maximalkräften unterhalb von 5kN erreichen können, dass bei größerer Belastung allerdings Verbesserungsbedarf besteht. Hierfür konnte, u.a. durch den Einsatz neuer Materialien, ein guter Ansatzpunkt im „adäquaten Zusammenspiel von Schale und Polsterung“ der Schoner gefunden werden. Die Untersuchung hat weiterhin gezeigt, dass zumindest teilweise eine deutliche Verbesserung der Dämpfungswirkung der Schienbeinschoner in den letzten Jahren erreicht werden konnte.
GaAs-based Gunn diodes with graded AlGaAs hot electron injector heterostructures have been developed under the special needs in automotive applications. The fabrication of the Gunn diode chips was based on total substrate removal and processing of integrated Au heat sinks. Especially, the thermal and RF behavior of the diodes have been analyzed by DC, impedance and S-parameter measurements. The electrical investigations have revealed the functionality of the hot electron injector. An optimized layer structure could fulfill the requirements in adaptive cruise control (ACC) systems at 77 GHz with typical output power between 50 and 90 mW.
Functional testing and characterisation of ISFETs on wafer level by means of a micro-droplet cell
(2006)
A wafer-level functionality testing and characterisation system for ISFETs (ionsensitive field-effect transistor) is realised by means of integration of a specifically designed capillary electrochemical micro-droplet cell into a commercial wafer prober-station. The developed system allows the identification and selection of “good” ISFETs at the earliest stage and to avoid expensive bonding, encapsulation and packaging processes for nonfunctioning ISFETs and thus, to decrease costs, which are wasted for bad dies. The developed system is also feasible for wafer-level characterisation of ISFETs in terms of sensitivity, hysteresis and response time. Additionally, the system might be also utilised for wafer-level testing of further electrochemical sensors.
We report on the synthesis and CO gas-sensing properties of mesoporous tin(IV) oxides (SnO2). For the synthesis cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTABr) was used as a structure-directing agent; the resulting SnO2 powders were applied as films to commercially available sensor substrates by drop coating. Nitrogen physisorption shows specific surface areas up to 160 m2·g-1 and mean pore diameters of about 4 nm, as verified by TEM. The film conductance was measured in dependence on the CO concentration in humid synthetic air at a constant temperature of 300 °C. The sensors show a high sensitivity at low CO concentrations and turn out to be largely insensitive towards changes in the relative humidity. We compare the materials with commercially available SnO2-based sensors.
An array of 50 MHz quartz microbalances (QMBs) coated with a dendronized polymer was used to detect small amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the gas phase. The results were compared to those obtained with the commonly used 10 MHz QMBs. The 50 MHz QMBs proved to be a powerful tool for the detection of VOCs in the gas phase; therefore, they represent a promising alternative to the much more delicate surface acoustic wave devices (SAWs).
Micromachined thermal heater platforms offer low electrical power consumption and high modulation speed, i.e. properties which are advantageous for realizing nondispersive infrared (NDIR) gas- and liquid monitoring systems. In this paper, we report on investigations on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) based infrared (IR) emitter devices heated by employing different kinds of metallic and semiconductor heater materials. Our results clearly reveal the superior high-temperature performance of semiconductor over metallic heater materials. Long-term stable emitter operation in the vicinity of 1300 K could be attained using heavily antimony-doped tin dioxide (SnO2:Sb) heater elements.