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In diesem Artikel werden zunächst einleitend der Gasmarkt Deutschland und der sich daraus ergebende Speicherbedarf skizziert. Folgend wird auf verschiedene Speichernutzen aus betriebswirtschaftlicher Perspektive eingegangen und die in diesem Artikel vorgestellten Bewertungsverfahren einleitend beschrieben. In diesem Artikel werden stochastische Optimierungsmethoden aufgegriffen, die sowohl eine Bewertung der Speicher gegenüber einem Spotpreis, als auch gegenüber einer gesamten Forwardcurve ermöglichen. Hierzu werden zunächst Modelle zur Beschreibung der Marktpreise vorgestellt und anhand empirischer Daten kalibriert. Dann wird eine beispielhafte Speicherscheibe zunächst auf Basis der LeastSquareMonteCarloTechnik gegenüber dem stochastischen mehrfaktoriellen Spotpreismodell bewertet. Hieran schließt sich die Vorstellung der Bewertung sowie des Hedgings gegenüber der Forwardcurve an. Abschließend erfolgt eine vergleichende Gegenüberstellung beider Verfahren.
Simulating the electromagnetic‐thermal treatment of thin aluminium layers for adhesion improvement
(2015)
A composite layer material used in packaging industry is made from joining layers of different materials using an adhesive. An important processing step in the production of aluminium-containing composites is the surface treatment and consequent coating of adhesive material on the aluminium surface. To increase adhesion strength between aluminium layer and the adhesive material, the foil is heat treated. For efficient heating, induction heating was considered as state-of-the-art treatment process. Due to the complexity of the heating process and the unpredictable nature of the heating source, the control of the process is not yet optimised. In this work, a finite element analysis of the process was established and various process parameters were studied. The process was simplified and modelled in 3D. The numerical model contains an air domain, an aluminium layer and a copper coil fitted with a magnetic field concentrating material. The effect of changing the speed of the aluminium foil (or rolling speed) was studied with the change of the coil current. Statistical analysis was used for generating a general control equation of coil current with changing rolling speed.
Heat production in the windings of the stators of electric machines under stationary condition
(2014)
In electric machines due to high currents and resistive losses (joule heating) heat is produced. To avoid damages by overheating the design of effective cooling systems is required. Therefore the knowledge of heat sources and heat transfer processes is necessary. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate a good and effective calculation method for the temperature analysis based on homogenization techniques. These methods have been applied for the stator windings in a slot of an electric machine consisting of copper wires and resin. The key quantity here is an effective thermal conductivity, which characterizes the heterogeneous wire resin-arrangement inside the stator slot. To illustrate the applicability of the method, the analysis of a simplified, homogenized model is compared with the detailed analysis of temperature behavior inside a slot of an electric machine according to the heat generation. We considered here only the stationary situation. The achieved numerical results are accurate and show that the applied homogenization technique works in practice. Finally the results of simulations for the two cases, the original model of the slot and the homogenized model chosen for the slot (unit cell), are compared to experimental results.