Article
Refine
Year of publication
- 2024 (35)
- 2023 (67)
- 2022 (80)
- 2021 (86)
- 2020 (102)
- 2019 (97)
- 2018 (85)
- 2017 (72)
- 2016 (79)
- 2015 (83)
- 2014 (93)
- 2013 (97)
- 2012 (82)
- 2011 (130)
- 2010 (97)
- 2009 (121)
- 2008 (103)
- 2007 (94)
- 2006 (85)
- 2005 (99)
- 2004 (131)
- 2003 (74)
- 2002 (92)
- 2001 (88)
- 2000 (84)
- 1999 (88)
- 1998 (82)
- 1997 (79)
- 1996 (70)
- 1995 (68)
- 1994 (77)
- 1993 (51)
- 1992 (48)
- 1991 (25)
- 1990 (35)
- 1989 (38)
- 1988 (54)
- 1987 (32)
- 1986 (18)
- 1985 (32)
- 1984 (18)
- 1983 (17)
- 1982 (26)
- 1981 (18)
- 1980 (35)
- 1979 (23)
- 1978 (30)
- 1977 (14)
- 1976 (13)
- 1975 (10)
- 1974 (3)
- 1972 (2)
- 1971 (1)
- 1968 (1)
Institute
- Fachbereich Medizintechnik und Technomathematik (1352)
- INB - Institut für Nano- und Biotechnologien (503)
- Fachbereich Chemie und Biotechnologie (474)
- Fachbereich Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik (407)
- IfB - Institut für Bioengineering (404)
- Fachbereich Energietechnik (357)
- Fachbereich Luft- und Raumfahrttechnik (249)
- Fachbereich Maschinenbau und Mechatronik (152)
- Fachbereich Wirtschaftswissenschaften (116)
- Fachbereich Bauingenieurwesen (69)
- Solar-Institut Jülich (43)
- ECSM European Center for Sustainable Mobility (33)
- Institut fuer Angewandte Polymerchemie (21)
- Sonstiges (21)
- Nowum-Energy (18)
- Freshman Institute (17)
- MASKOR Institut für Mobile Autonome Systeme und Kognitive Robotik (15)
- Fachbereich Architektur (12)
- Fachbereich Gestaltung (12)
- ZHQ - Bereich Hochschuldidaktik und Evaluation (5)
- IMP - Institut für Mikrowellen- und Plasmatechnik (3)
- Arbeitsstelle fuer Hochschuldidaktik und Studienberatung (2)
- Kommission für Forschung und Entwicklung (2)
- Kommission für Planung und Finanzen (2)
- FH Aachen (1)
- IBB - Institut für Baustoffe und Baukonstruktionen (1)
- Senat (1)
Language
- English (3264) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (3264) (remove)
Keywords
- Einspielen <Werkstoff> (7)
- avalanche (5)
- Earthquake (4)
- FEM (4)
- Finite-Elemente-Methode (4)
- LAPS (4)
- additive manufacturing (4)
- biosensors (4)
- field-effect sensor (4)
- frequency mixing magnetic detection (4)
- CellDrum (3)
- Heparin (3)
- Label-free detection (3)
- capacitive field-effect sensor (3)
- hydrogen peroxide (3)
- impedance spectroscopy (3)
- magnetic nanoparticles (3)
- shakedown analysis (3)
- snow (3)
- sustainability (3)
- tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) (3)
- Acyl-amino acids (2)
- Aeroelasticity (2)
- Aminoacylase (2)
- Bacillaceae (2)
- Bacillus atrophaeus (2)
- Biotechnological application (2)
- Boundary integral equations (2)
- Brake set-up (2)
- Butanol (2)
- CFD (2)
- Capacitive field-effect sensor (2)
- Chemometrics (2)
- Conductive boundary condition (2)
- Drinfeld modules (2)
- Einspielanalyse (2)
- Empirical process (2)
- Fault detection (2)
- Field-effect sensor (2)
- Freight rail (2)
- Germany (2)
- Goodness-of-fit test (2)
- Hot S-parameter (2)
- IR spectroscopy (2)
- Independence test (2)
- Light-addressable potentiometric sensor (2)
- Lipopolysaccharide (2)
- MINLP (2)
- Methane (2)
- NMR spectroscopy (2)
- Obstacle avoidance (2)
- Paired sample (2)
- Parametric bootstrap (2)
- Path planning (2)
- Principal component analysis (2)
- Pump System (2)
- Raman spectroscopy (2)
- SLM (2)
- Shakedown analysis (2)
- Simulation (2)
- Standardization (2)
- Stiffness (2)
- Subtilases (2)
- Subtilisin (2)
- Traglastanalyse (2)
- Transcendence (2)
- Transmission eigenvalues (2)
- UAV (2)
- bacterial cellulose (2)
- bubble column (2)
- capacitive field-effect sensors (2)
- carbonized rice husk (2)
- constructive alignment (2)
- damage (2)
- energy efficiency (2)
- examination (2)
- factory planning (2)
- fused filament fabrication (2)
- gold nanoparticles (2)
- harmonic radar (2)
- immobilization (2)
- light-addressable potentiometric sensor (2)
- likelihood ratio test (2)
- limit analysis (2)
- locomotion (2)
- long-term retention (2)
- manufacturing flexibility (2)
- methanation (2)
- microfluidics (2)
- multimodal (2)
- muscle fascicle behavior (2)
- not identically distributed (2)
- penicillinase (2)
- plug flow reactor (2)
- practical learning (2)
- prebiotic (2)
- qNMR (2)
- rapid tooling (2)
- rebound-effect (2)
- remote sensing (2)
- renewable resources (2)
- shakedown (2)
- t-modules (2)
- ultrasound (2)
- ultrasound imaging (2)
- (Bio)degradation (1)
- (Poly)saccharides (1)
- 197m/gHg (1)
- 1P hub loads (1)
- 3-D printing (1)
- 316L (1)
- 3D nonlinear finite element model (1)
- 802.15.4 (1)
- ABE (1)
- Acceleration (1)
- Achilles tendon (1)
- Acid crash (1)
- Active humidity control (1)
- Actors (1)
- Actuator disk modelling (1)
- Acylation (1)
- Adaptive control (1)
- Additive Manufacturing (1)
- Additive manufacturing (1)
- Afterload (1)
- Ageing (1)
- Air purification (1)
- Aircraft sizing (1)
- Algal Turf Scrubber (1)
- Algal–bacterial bioflm (1)
- Alginate beads (1)
- Alkalihalobacillus okhensis (1)
- Aloe vera (1)
- AlterG (1)
- Alternating plasticity (1)
- Alzheimer's disease (1)
- Analysis (1)
- Analytischer Zulaessigkeitsnachweis (1)
- Anammox (1)
- Anastomotic leakage (1)
- Anatomy (1)
- Annulus Fibrosus (1)
- Antarctic Glaciology (1)
- Antibias (1)
- Architectural design (1)
- Architectural gear ratio (1)
- Artificial intelligence (1)
- Assembly (1)
- Assistive technology (1)
- Asymptotic efficiency (1)
- Authenticity (1)
- Autolysis (1)
- Automated driving (1)
- Automatic control (1)
- Automotive application (1)
- Automotive safety approach (1)
- Autonomy (1)
- Avalanche (1)
- Axialbelastung (1)
- Axially cracked pipe (1)
- BET (1)
- Bacillus atrophaeus spores (1)
- Bacillus sp (1)
- Bacterial cellulose (1)
- Balance (1)
- Balanced hypergraph (1)
- Bank-issued Warrants (1)
- Basis Reduktion (1)
- Basis reduction (1)
- Bauingenieurwesen (1)
- Bayesian statistics (1)
- Behaviour factor q (1)
- Benchmark (1)
- Bicharakteristikenverfahren (1)
- Bio-inspired systems (1)
- Bioabsorbable (1)
- Biocatalysis (1)
- Biocomposites (1)
- Biofuel (1)
- Biogas (1)
- Biomass (1)
- Biomechanical simulation (1)
- Bioreaktor (1)
- Biorefinery (1)
- Biosolubilization (1)
- Biosurfactants (1)
- Blade element method (1)
- Bloom’s Taxonomy (1)
- Bluetooth (1)
- Blutzellenlagerung (1)
- Bone quality and biomechanics (1)
- Booster Station (1)
- Booster Stations (1)
- Bootstrap (1)
- Bootstrapping (1)
- Borehole heat exchanger (1)
- Boundary integral equations, (1)
- Bragg peak (1)
- Brake test (1)
- Braking curves (1)
- Brands (1)
- Broad pH spectrum (1)
- Brownian Pillow (1)
- Buffering Capacity (1)
- C. acetobutylicum (1)
- CAD (1)
- CAV (1)
- CFD propeller simulation (1)
- CNOT (1)
- CO2 emission reduction targets (1)
- CRISPR/Cas9 (1)
- Calorimetric gas sensor (1)
- Capacitive field-effect (1)
- Capacitive model (1)
- Carbon sources (1)
- Cardiac myocytes (1)
- Cardiac tissue (1)
- Cardiovascular MRI (1)
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (1)
- Carrier solvents (1)
- Categorial variable (1)
- Cell permeability (1)
- Cellular force (1)
- Cellulose nanostructure (1)
- Cement infiltration (1)
- Cementoblast (1)
- Censored data (1)
- Centrifugal twisting moment (1)
- Chance Constraint (1)
- Change (1)
- Chaperone (1)
- Chaperone co-expression (1)
- Charging station (1)
- Chemical images (1)
- Chemical imaging sensor (1)
- Chemical sensor (1)
- Chondroitin sulfate (1)
- Circuit simulation (1)
- Circular Dichroism (1)
- Circular bioeconomy (1)
- Civil engineering (1)
- Clinical decision support systems (1)
- Clostridium acetobutylicum (1)
- Clusterion (1)
- Co-managed care (1)
- Coal (1)
- Collective risk model (1)
- Commercial Vehicle (1)
- Common Rail Injection System (1)
- Competence Developing Games (1)
- Competitiveness (1)
- Complex System (1)
- Complex-valued eigenvalues (1)
- Compliance (1)
- Compression (1)
- Computational biomechanics (1)
- Concomitant (1)
- Conditions (1)
- Conductive Boundary Condition (1)
- Consensus (1)
- Conservation laws (1)
- Constitutive model (1)
- Contractile tension (1)
- Contractility (1)
- Convex optimization (1)
- Cost function (1)
- Cost-effectiveness (1)
- Coverage probability (1)
- Cramér-von-Mises statistic (1)
- Cramér-von-Mises test (1)
- Crashworthiness (1)
- Cross border adjustment mechanism (1)
- Crude heparin (1)
- Crámer–von-Mises distance (1)
- Culture media (1)
- Cyclotron production (1)
- C–V method (1)
- DAC (1)
- DLR-ESTEC GOSSAMER roadmap for solar sailing (1)
- DNA biosensor (1)
- DNA hybridization (1)
- DPA (dipicolinic acid) (1)
- Damage mechanics theory (1)
- Data-driven models (1)
- Decomposition (1)
- Decoupling (1)
- Deformation (1)
- Dehydrogenase (1)
- Design process (1)
- Design-by-analysis (1)
- Detergent protease (1)
- Deuterated solvents (1)
- Deuterium NMR (1)
- Diaphorase (1)
- Diesel Engine (1)
- Dietary supplements (1)
- Dimensional splitting (1)
- Disc Degeneration (1)
- Discontinuous fractures (1)
- Discourse ethics (1)
- Discrete Optimization (1)
- Disposition Effect (1)
- Distributed Control Systems, (1)
- Diversity Management (1)
- Drag estimation (1)
- Driver assistance system (1)
- Driving cycle recognition (1)
- Druckbeanspruchung (1)
- Druckbehälter (1)
- Druckbelastung (1)
- Druckgeräte (1)
- Drug simulation (1)
- Dry-low-NOx (DLN) combustion (1)
- Duality (1)
- Dynamic simulation (1)
- E-Mobility (1)
- E. coli detection (1)
- ECMS (1)
- EGG (1)
- EIS capacitive sensor (1)
- ELISA (1)
- ES-FEM (1)
- Effective modal mass (1)
- Eigenvalue trajectories (1)
- Einspiel-Analyse (1)
- Einspiel-Kriterium (1)
- Einspielen (1)
- Elastizität (1)
- Elderly (1)
- Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (1)
- Electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor (1)
- Electromagnetism (1)
- Electromechanical modeling (1)
- Electronic cigarettes (1)
- Electronic vehicle (1)
- Elemental (1)
- Emilia-Romagna earthquake (1)
- Empirical consequence curves (1)
- Empirical fragility functions (1)
- End-to-end colorectal anastomosis (1)
- Endothelial cells (1)
- Endothelial dysfunction (1)
- Energy management strategies (1)
- Energy-intensive industry (1)
- Engineering Application (1)
- Engineering Habitus (1)
- Enterprise information systems (1)
- Entropy solution (1)
- Environmental impact (1)
- Enzymatic biosensor (1)
- Enzyme coverage (1)
- Enzyme logic gate (1)
- Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (1)
- Epithel (1)
- Equivalence test (1)
- Esophageal Doppler monitor (1)
- European Transient Cycle (1)
- Eutectic Silver Copper alloy (1)
- Experiment (1)
- Experimental validation (1)
- Explainability (1)
- Exponential Euler scheme, (1)
- Exponential time differencing (1)
- Extension–twist coupling (1)
- External knee adduction moments (1)
- Extracellular enzymes (1)
- Extraterrestrial Glaciology (1)
- FS-FEM (1)
- Fall prevention (1)
- Fault approximation (1)
- Feature selection (1)
- Fehlerstellen (1)
- Fibroblast (1)
- Field effect (1)
- Field-effect biosensor (1)
- Finite difference methods (1)
- Finite differences (1)
- Finite element analysis (1)
- Finite element method (1)
- Finite element modelling (1)
- Finland (1)
- Fließgrenze (1)
- Floor prices (1)
- Flutter (1)
- Force (1)
- Forces (1)
- Fracture classification (1)
- Fracture configuration (1)
- Fracture simulation (1)
- Frame structure (1)
- Free-base nicotine (1)
- Freeze–thaw process (1)
- Frequency adaption (1)
- Frequency mixing magnetic detection (1)
- Fuel cell (1)
- Full-vehicle crash test (1)
- Functional Delta Method (1)
- Furnace (1)
- Fusion (1)
- GIS (1)
- GOSSAMER-1 (1)
- Ga-68 (1)
- Game-based learning (1)
- Gamification (1)
- Gamma distribution (1)
- Genetic algorithm (1)
- Geriatric (1)
- German (1)
- Glaciological instruments and methods (1)
- Glaucoma (1)
- Global and local collapse (1)
- Glucosamine (1)
- Gold nanoparticle (AuNP) (1)
- Gold nanoparticles (1)
- Goodness-of-fit tests for uniformity (1)
- Grenzwertberechnung (1)
- Ground-level falls (1)
- H2 (1)
- Hadamard differentiability (1)
- Haemodialysis (1)
- Hall’s Theorem (1)
- Halotolerant protease (1)
- Handbike (1)
- Harnleiter (1)
- Hazard assessment (1)
- Health management system (1)
- Heart tissue culture (1)
- Heat transport (1)
- Helmholtz equation (1)
- Hemoglobin structure (1)
- Heterostructure (1)
- High field MRI (1)
- High hydrogen combustion (1)
- High-field NMR (1)
- Higher derivations (1)
- Higher-order codes (1)
- Hip fractures (1)
- Hodgkin–Huxley models (1)
- Hoeffding-Blum-Kiefer-Rosenblatt independence test (1)
- Homogenization (1)
- Hotelling’s T² test (1)
- Human Development Index (1)
- Human factors (1)
- Human-Computer interaction (1)
- Hydrogen combustion (1)
- Hydrogen gas turbine (1)
- Hydrogen peroxide (1)
- Hydrogenotrophic methanogens (1)
- Hyperdifferentials (1)
- Hypergraph (1)
- Hypersecretion (1)
- Hämoglobin (1)
- Hämoglobinstruktur (1)
- INSYSME (1)
- IP-based networks (1)
- IR (1)
- IT security education (1)
- Illustration (1)
- Image Quality Assessment (1)
- Image Quality Score (1)
- Image Reconstruction (1)
- Imaging (1)
- Impedance analysis (1)
- Impedance spectroscopy (1)
- Implicit methods (1)
- In-plane performance, isolation (1)
- Incident analysis (1)
- Inclusion bodies (1)
- Incomplete data (1)
- Individual Investors (1)
- Induced pluripotent stem cells (1)
- Industrial Automation Technology, (1)
- Infill wall design (1)
- Information extraction (1)
- Inorganic ions (1)
- Inotropic compounds (1)
- Instructional design (1)
- Integrated empirical distribution (survival) function (1)
- Interior Neumann eigenvalues (1)
- Interior transmission eigenvalues (1)
- Interior transmission problem (1)
- Interstellar objects (1)
- Interval Time Series (1)
- Intervertebral Disc (1)
- Intradiscal Pressure (1)
- Inverse Scattering (1)
- Inverse dynamic problem (1)
- Inverse kinematic problem (1)
- Inverse scattering (1)
- Inverse scattering problem (1)
- Inverse spectral problem (1)
- Ion channels (1)
- Ions (1)
- Iterative learning control (1)
- Justice (1)
- Keyword analysis (1)
- Kinetic energy (1)
- Knochen (1)
- Knochenbildung (1)
- Knochenchirugie (1)
- Knochendichte (1)
- Koenig’s Theorem (1)
- Kohlenstofffaser (1)
- LPBF (1)
- LPS (1)
- Lab-on-Chip (1)
- Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (1)
- Landslide tsunamis (1)
- Langevin theory (1)
- Large scale tests (1)
- Larynx position (1)
- Latvia (1)
- Layer-by-layer adsorption (1)
- LbL films (1)
- Left ventriular function (1)
- Level system (1)
- Li7La3Zr2O12 (1)
- LiGaO2 (1)
- Lidar (1)
- Lifting propeller (1)
- Light-addressable Potentiometric Sensor (1)
- Lignocellulose (1)
- Limit analysis (1)
- Linear discriminant analysis (1)
- Linear elastic analysis (1)
- Liver (1)
- Local path planning (1)
- Long COVID (1)
- Low field NMR (1)
- Low-field NMR (1)
- Luftreiniger (1)
- Luxury (1)
- MCDA (1)
- MILP (1)
- MOS (1)
- MR safety (1)
- MR-stethoscope (1)
- MRI (1)
- MST (1)
- MUT measurement; scanner (1)
- Machine learning (1)
- Magnetic field strength (1)
- Magnetic nanoparticles (1)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (1)
- Magneto alert sensor (1)
- Mainstream (1)
- Manifestations (1)
- Manipulated variables (1)
- Manufacturer (1)
- Marginal homogeneity test (1)
- Marker-free mutagenesis (1)
- Masonry infill (1)
- Masonry partition walls (1)
- Master stamp (1)
- Matching (1)
- Materialermüdung (1)
- Matrix exponential (1)
- Measurement models (1)
- Measurement uncertainty (1)
- Mechanotransduction (1)
- Medical AI (1)
- Medical radionuclide production (1)
- Medusomyces gisevi (1)
- Meitner-Auger-electron (MAE) (1)
- Metabolic shift (1)
- Metal contaminants (1)
- Metascintillator (1)
- Methanogenesis (1)
- Microcirculation (1)
- Microfluidic solvent extraction (1)
- Micromagnetic simulation (1)
- Micromix combustion (1)
- Mikrosystemtechnik (1)
- Mild cognitive impairment (1)
- Missions (1)
- Mobility (1)
- Mobility tests (1)
- Mobility transition (1)
- Mode converter (1)
- Model-driven software engineering (1)
- Modelica (1)
- Modeling (1)
- Modelling (1)
- Modern constructions (1)
- Molecular modelling (1)
- Molecular weight determination (1)
- Molten salt receiver system (1)
- Molten salt solar tower (1)
- Monotone methods (1)
- Monte Carlo Tree Search (1)
- Morphing (1)
- Multi-criteria decision analysis (1)
- Multi-dimensional partial differential equations (1)
- Multi-objective optimization (1)
- Multi-sample problem (1)
- Multi-storey (1)
- Multianalyte detection (1)
- Multicell (1)
- Multiple TOF kernels (1)
- Multiplexing (1)
- Multirotor UAS (1)
- Muscle (1)
- Muscle Fascicle (1)
- Muscle Force (1)
- Musculoskeletal model (1)
- Musculoskeletal system (1)
- Myocardial infarction and cardiac death (1)
- NGN (1)
- NMR (1)
- NMR exchange relaxometry (1)
- NONOate (1)
- Natural fibres (1)
- Natural frequency (1)
- Negative Feedback Trading (1)
- Negative impedance convertor (1)
- Neural Network (1)
- Nitric Oxide (1)
- Nitric Oxide Donor (1)
- Nitrogen removal (1)
- Non-model-based Evaluation (1)
- Non-parallel fissures (1)
- Nonequilibrium dynamics (1)
- Nonlinear Dynamics (1)
- Nonlinear PDEs (1)
- Nonlinear eigenvalue problems (1)
- Normative standards (1)
- Nucleus Pulposus (1)
- Numerical inversion of Laplace transforms (1)
- Numerical linear algebra (1)
- Numerical modelling (1)
- Numerics (1)
- O2 plasma (1)
- Ocular blood flow (1)
- Online diagnostic (1)
- Operations (1)
- Organic acids (1)
- Organic light-emitting diode display (1)
- Organizational Culture (1)
- Organkultur (1)
- Osteoporose (1)
- Osteoporosis (1)
- Out-of-plane capacity (1)
- Overland flow (1)
- P2G (1)
- PBEE (1)
- PEM fuel cell (1)
- PIV (1)
- PLS-regression (1)
- PROFINET (1)
- Parabolic SPDEs (1)
- Paralympic sport (1)
- Parasitic drag (1)
- Parking (1)
- Partial nitritation (1)
- Penicillin (1)
- Periods (1)
- Permeability (1)
- Permeabilität (1)
- Peroxidase (1)
- Pflanzenphysiologie (1)
- Pflanzenscanner (1)
- Pflanzenstress (1)
- Pharmacology (1)
- Photolithographic mimics (1)
- Physiology (1)
- Piping (1)
- Planning process (1)
- Plant virus (1)
- Plasma (1)
- Plasma diagnostics (1)
- Plasmacluster ion technology (1)
- Plastizität (1)
- Poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (1)
- Poly(d,l-lacticacid) (1)
- Polyimide (1)
- Polylactide acid (1)
- Polymer-matrix composites (1)
- Polysaccharides (1)
- Porositat (1)
- Post-COVID-19 syndrome (1)
- Potential theory (1)
- Powertrain (1)
- Pre-culture (1)
- Precast buildings (1)
- Prediction of molecular features (1)
- Predictive battery discharge (1)
- Preference assessment (1)
- Pressure loaded crack-face (1)
- Prevention (1)
- Probability distribution mapping (1)
- Process virtualization (1)
- Product bundling (1)
- Product-integration (1)
- Progressive plastic deformation (1)
- Propeller (1)
- Propeller aerodynamics (1)
- Propeller elasticity (1)
- Propeller performance (1)
- Propeller whirl flutter (1)
- Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (1)
- Prophylaxis (1)
- Protein structure complexity (1)
- Proximal humerus fracture (1)
- Pulsations (1)
- Pumping systems (1)
- Q-criterion (1)
- Quality control (1)
- Quantitative structure activity relationship (1)
- Quantum chemistry (1)
- Quartz crystal microbalance (1)
- RAMMS (1)
- RVA (1)
- Radar (1)
- Rapid Prototyping (1)
- Rapid Technologie (1)
- Rapid prototyping (1)
- Ratchetting (1)
- Raumluft (1)
- Reaction-diffusion systems (1)
- Real distinct pole (1)
- Real-time monitoring (1)
- Recombinant activated protein C (1)
- Red blood cell storage (1)
- Regionalization (1)
- Rehabilitation Technology and Prosthetics (1)
- Rehabilitation engineering (1)
- Reinforced concrete frame (1)
- Relative air humidity (1)
- Requirements prioritization (1)
- Requirements relations (1)
- Resampling test (1)
- Reservation system (1)
- Resistive temperature detector (1)
- Resolvent Operator (1)
- Resonance-mode measurement (1)
- Response Surface Method (1)
- Retinal vessel analysis (1)
- Retinal vessels (1)
- Robotic rehabilitation (1)
- Rohr (1)
- Rohrbruch (1)
- Rotary encoder (1)
- Rotator cuff (1)
- Running (1)
- S-FEM (1)
- SFCW (1)
- SOA (1)
- SSE) JEL : O33 (1)
- ScaLAPACK (1)
- Scalar parameters (1)
- Schwammknochen (1)
- Seismic design (1)
- Seismic loading (1)
- Selective Catalytic Reduction (1)
- Selective Laser Melting (SLM) (1)
- Self-driving (1)
- Semi-parametric random censorship model (1)
- Septic cardiomyopathy (1)
- Services (1)
- Shakedown (1)
- Shakedown criterion (1)
- Shape and surface properties (1)
- Shoulder (1)
- Shunting (1)
- Silk fibroin (1)
- Simultaneous determination (1)
- Skeletal muscle (1)
- Slab deflection (1)
- Small Aral Sea (1)
- Small spacecraft (1)
- Snow (1)
- Sn₃O₄ (1)
- Soft independent modeling of class analogy (1)
- Software and systems modeling (1)
- Solar sail (1)
- Solitary waves (1)
- Sound Pressure Level (1)
- Source term (1)
- Spectroscopy (1)
- Spleen (1)
- Stahl (1)
- Steel industry (1)
- Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (1)
- Sterilisation process (1)
- Stochastic Programming (1)
- Streptomyces griseus (1)
- Streptomyces lividans (1)
- Stress concentrations (1)
- Structural design (1)
- Structure and Stages (1)
- Strukturanalyse (1)
- Subclacial exploration (1)
- Subglacial lakes (1)
- Surface imprinted polymer (1)
- Surgical Navigation and Robotics (1)
- Surgical staplers (1)
- Survival analysis (1)
- Suspension bridge (1)
- TMV adsorption (1)
- TOF PET (1)
- Tank (1)
- Targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) (1)
- Ta₂O₅ gate (1)
- Technical Operations Research (1)
- Technical Operations Research (TOR) (1)
- Telecommunication (1)
- Temperaturabhängigkeit (1)
- Tendon Rupture (1)
- Tendon properties (1)
- Tendons (1)
- Tension (1)
- Thermal conductivity (1)
- Thin shell finite elements (1)
- Tinetti test (1)
- Tissue Engineering (1)
- Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) (1)
- Tomography (1)
- Tool support (1)
- Tools (1)
- Trading Behavior (1)
- Traglast (1)
- Train composition (1)
- Trajectories (1)
- Transfer impedance (1)
- Transformation (1)
- Transient flux distribution (1)
- Transmission Eigenvalues (1)
- Trapeze effect (1)
- Two-phase modelling (1)
- Typographie (1)
- USP (1)
- Uktrahigh field MRI (1)
- Ultrasound (1)
- Uncertainty (1)
- Uniaxial compression test (1)
- Unmanned aerial vehicles (1)
- Unreinforced masonry buildings (1)
- Unsteady aerodynamics (1)
- Uracil-phosphoribosyltransferase (1)
- User study (1)
- Utilization improvement (1)
- VM (1)
- VOF (1)
- VOP compression (1)
- Vapnik–Čhervonenkis class (1)
- Variable height stapler design (1)
- Vascular response (1)
- Vasomotions (1)
- Velocity (1)
- Vertebroplastie (1)
- Vertebroplasty (1)
- Vertex cover (1)
- Vibrio natriegens (1)
- Virtual reality (1)
- Virtuelle Maschine (1)
- Viscous flow (1)
- Viskose Strömung (1)
- Viskosität (1)
- Visual field asymmetry (1)
- Voice assessment (1)
- Volterra integral equation (1)
- Volume of confidence regions (1)
- Volume status (1)
- Wastewater (1)
- Water Distribution (1)
- Water Supply Networks (1)
- Weak organic acids (1)
- Wiegand sensor (1)
- Wind milling (1)
- Wind tunnel experiments (1)
- Wireless Networks (1)
- Wolff's Law (1)
- Wolffsches Gesetz (1)
- Wundheilung (1)
- XOR (1)
- Zeta potential (1)
- Zug-Druck Belastung (1)
- acetoin (1)
- acetoin reductase (1)
- achilles tendon (1)
- actin cytoskeleton (1)
- actuator-sensor system (1)
- adaptive systems (1)
- adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) (1)
- adsorption (1)
- agility (1)
- alcoholic beverages (1)
- allocation (1)
- alternierend Verformbarkeit (1)
- aminooctanethiol (1)
- amperometric biosensors (1)
- anaesthetic complications (1)
- anammox (1)
- anisotropy (1)
- annealing (1)
- aortic perfusion (1)
- aquaculture (1)
- architectural design (1)
- architectural layered representation (1)
- aromatic amines (1)
- artificial intelligence (1)
- artificial olfactory image (1)
- aseptic parameters (1)
- aspergillus (1)
- assistance system (1)
- asymptotic relative efficiency (1)
- atomic layer deposition (1)
- automated vehicles (1)
- automotive (1)
- autonomous navigation (1)
- availability (1)
- barium strontium titanate (1)
- batch reproducibility (1)
- batteries and fuel cells (1)
- bi-enzyme biosensor (1)
- biaxial tensile experiment (1)
- bicharacteristics (1)
- bio-based economy (1)
- bio-methane (1)
- bioavailability (1)
- bioburdens (1)
- biocompatible (1)
- biocompatible materials (1)
- biodegradabl (1)
- biodegradable electronic devices (1)
- biodegradable polymers (1)
- biofilms (1)
- biological dosimeter (1)
- biological hydrogen (1)
- biomechanics (1)
- biomethane (1)
- biopharmaceutical production process (1)
- biopotential electrodes (1)
- biosensor (1)
- body imaging at 7 T MRI (1)
- body imaging at UHF MRI (1)
- body limbs (1)
- bone density (1)
- bone structure (1)
- bootstrap (1)
- borefields (1)
- borehole disposal (1)
- brachytherapy (1)
- building energy modelling (1)
- building energy simulation (1)
- burst pressure (1)
- burst tests (1)
- business culture (1)
- calorimetric gas sensor (1)
- calorimetric gas sensor;hydrogen peroxide;wireless sensor system (1)
- cancellous bone (1)
- capacitive EIS sensor (1)
- capacitive electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor sensors (1)
- capacitive model (1)
- carbon dioxide removal (1)
- carbon electrodes (1)
- cardiac gating (1)
- cardiomyocyte biomechanics (1)
- cardiovascular MR imaging (1)
- catalytic metal (1)
- cell aerosolization (1)
- cell atomization (1)
- central symmetry test (1)
- cerebral small vessel disease (1)
- chance constrained programming (1)
- change (1)
- change management (1)
- chemical sensor (1)
- chip-based sensor setup (1)
- churches (1)
- civil engineering (1)
- climate change (1)
- climate neutrality (1)
- cobald chrome (1)
- coculture (1)
- cognitive impairment (1)
- coherent structures (1)
- colorization (1)
- community dwelling (1)
- complete block symmetry (1)
- compression behavior (1)
- computational fluid dynamics analysis (1)
- concentrating collector (1)
- conditional excess distribution (1)
- conditional expectation principle (1)
- confidence interval (1)
- connected automated vehicles (1)
- connective tissue (1)
- constitutive modeling (1)
- contactless conductivity sensor (1)
- control gate (1)
- corporate sustainability (1)
- correlation (1)
- coupled Néel–Brownian relaxation dynamics (1)
- covariance principle (1)
- critical (1)
- crop yield (1)
- crystallization (1)
- cyber-physical production systems (1)
- dam-break (1)
- dark fermentation (1)
- debris flow (1)
- deficit irrigation (1)
- dental bridges (1)
- dental trauma (1)
- deserts (1)
- design of technical systems (1)
- detection of charged macromolecules (1)
- detergent protease (1)
- dialysis (1)
- difficult airway (1)
- digital factory (1)
- digital twin (1)
- direct air capture (1)
- direct method (1)
- disposal facility (1)
- distorted element (1)
- distribution grid simulation (1)
- diversity management (1)
- double-lumen tube intubation (1)
- downstream processing design (1)
- drag force (1)
- drop jump (1)
- drug metabolising enzymes (1)
- drug–drug interactions (1)
- e-mobility (1)
- eVTOL development (1)
- eVTOL safety (1)
- earthquake engineering (1)
- ecological structure (1)
- economics (1)
- efficiency side-effects (1)
- eigensolvers (1)
- elastic scattering (1)
- elastic solids (1)
- elastomers (1)
- electrical conductivity of liquids (1)
- electrocardiogram (1)
- electrolyte-insulator semiconductor sensor (EIS) (1)
- electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor capacitors (1)
- electromyography (1)
- electronic nose (1)
- electrospinning (1)
- encapsulation materials (1)
- endoluminal (1)
- endospores (1)
- energy (1)
- energy absorption (1)
- energy dissipation (1)
- energy transfer (1)
- engineering (1)
- ensiling (1)
- entrepreneurship education (1)
- environmental correlation (1)
- enzymatic (bio)degradation (1)
- enzymatic biosensor (1)
- enzyme cascade (1)
- enzyme kinetics (1)
- enzyme-logic gate (1)
- epithelization (1)
- equivalent circuit (1)
- equivalent stiffness (1)
- event-based simulation (1)
- exchangeability test (1)
- exopolysaccharides (1)
- experiment quality (1)
- experimental evaluation (1)
- extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (1)
- eye movement modelling examples (1)
- fatigue analyses (1)
- fatty acid (1)
- fermentation (1)
- fibers (1)
- fibroin (1)
- field-effect structure (1)
- filamentous fungi (1)
- flaw (1)
- fluorescent protein carrier (1)
- force generation (1)
- forecast (1)
- forehead EEG (1)
- fortschreitende plastische Deformation (1)
- frequency mixing (1)
- fuel cell vehicle (1)
- functional data (1)
- ga-doping (1)
- gait (1)
- gamification (1)
- garnet solid electrolyte (1)
- gas sensor (1)
- gaseous hydrogen peroxide (1)
- genetic algorithm (1)
- genome engineering (1)
- geological disposal (1)
- geothermal (1)
- global optimization (1)
- glucose (1)
- glucose oxidase (GOx) (1)
- glycine (1)
- goodness-of-fit test (1)
- granular silo (1)
- graphene oxide (1)
- greenhouse cultivation (1)
- grey energy (1)
- halotolerant protease (1)
- harmonic radar tags (1)
- healthy aging (1)
- heat demand (1)
- heat transfer coefficient (1)
- heating system (1)
- heavy metals (1)
- hiPS cardiomyocytes (1)
- high field MR imaging (1)
- high-alkaline subtilisin (1)
- high-intensity exercise (1)
- high-k material (1)
- horseradish peroxidase (HRP) (1)
- huge dimensional data (1)
- human dermal fibroblasts (1)
- human metabolites (1)
- humic acid (1)
- hybrid model validation (1)
- hydraulic modelling (1)
- hydrogel (1)
- hydrogels (1)
- hydrolysis (1)
- hydroxylation (1)
- hyper-gravity (1)
- hyperelastic (1)
- hypo-gravity (1)
- hypoplasticity (1)
- ignition (1)
- impulsive effects (1)
- in-ear EEG (1)
- in-situ monitoring (1)
- incontinence (1)
- independence test (1)
- industrial agents (1)
- industry 4.0 (1)
- infill strategy (1)
- innovation management (1)
- integrated transmit coil arrays (1)
- intelligent control (1)
- intelligent energy management (1)
- intraclass correlation coefficient (1)
- irradiation (1)
- jevons paradox (1)
- key performance indicators (1)
- konvexe Optimierung (1)
- lable-free detection (1)
- lactic acid (1)
- lactobacillus (1)
- large language models (1)
- large-scale inspection (1)
- layer-by-layer technique (1)
- legal obligations (1)
- light-addressable electrode (1)
- light-addressing technologies (1)
- lignite (1)
- limit load (1)
- lipopolysaccharide (1)
- lipopolysaccharides (1)
- liquid-storage tank (1)
- liquid-structure interaction (1)
- literature (1)
- lizards (1)
- load limit (1)
- low-rank coal (1)
- machine learning (1)
- macro-element (1)
- magnetic actuation (1)
- magnetic beads (1)
- magnetic biosensing (1)
- magnetic relaxation (1)
- magnetic resonance imaging (1)
- magnetic sandwich immunoassay (1)
- magnetic sensing (1)
- magnetic sensors (1)
- magnetic separation (1)
- magnetic tweezers (1)
- magnetophoretic velocity (1)
- mainstream deammonification (1)
- management (1)
- manufacturing (1)
- manufacturing data model (1)
- marketing (1)
- mathematical optimization (1)
- mechanical buffer (1)
- mechanical properties (1)
- metagenomics (1)
- metal-oxide-semiconductor structure (1)
- metathesis (1)
- method of fundamental solutions (1)
- microbial diversity (1)
- micromagnetic simulation (1)
- micronutrients (1)
- microplasma (1)
- microwave (MW) plasma (1)
- microwave measurements (1)
- mix flexibility (1)
- mixed-integer linear programming (1)
- mobile manipulation (1)
- model performance (1)
- modelled population estimates (1)
- motivation (1)
- multi-agent systems (1)
- multi-functional material (1)
- multi-sensing platform (1)
- multianalyte detection (1)
- multinomial distribution (1)
- multiparametric immunoassays (1)
- multiplex detection (1)
- multivariate normal distribution (1)
- muscle mechanics (1)
- nanobelts (1)
- nanomaterials (1)
- nanoparticle coverage (1)
- nanostructured carbonized plant parts (1)
- nanostrukturierte carbonisierte Pflanzenteile (1)
- naphtols (1)
- negative emissions (1)
- neutrons (1)
- next generation network (1)
- nitrogen elimination (1)
- non-simplex S-FEM elements (1)
- nonlinear VNA measurements (1)
- nonlinear radar (1)
- nonlinear transient analyses (1)
- novel photoexcitation method (1)
- nuclear waste (1)
- numerical model (1)
- on-chip integrated addressable EISCAP sensors (1)
- onion (1)
- optical fibers (1)
- optical sensor setup (1)
- optical spore trapping (1)
- optical trapping (1)
- optimization (1)
- optimization system (1)
- organic waste (1)
- organosilanes (1)
- overload (1)
- oxidative stable protease (1)
- pH sensors (1)
- parabolic flight (1)
- penicillin (1)
- perennial ryegrass (1)
- performance analysis (1)
- performance testing (1)
- performativity in personal knowledge (1)
- personal way of designing (1)
- phenols (1)
- phonocardiogram (1)
- photoelectrochemistry (1)
- physical model (1)
- physiology (1)
- pipes (1)
- plant molecular farming (1)
- plant scanner (1)
- plant stress (1)
- plant virus detection (1)
- plasma jet (1)
- plug-based microfluidic device (1)
- point-focussing system (1)
- poly(d, l-lactic acid) (1)
- polyamide (1)
- polyaniline (1)
- polyaspartic acid (1)
- polyester (1)
- polyetheretherketone (1)
- polyetheretherketone (PEEK) (1)
- polystyrene sulfonate (1)
- population and housing census (1)
- porous materials (1)
- portfolio risk (1)
- power-to-gas (1)
- pretreatment (1)
- prevention (1)
- product bundling (1)
- product liability (1)
- production planning and control (1)
- programming (1)
- prostate cancer (1)
- prostatectomy (1)
- proton therapy (1)
- protons (1)
- psychosocial (1)
- pullulan (1)
- quality of life (1)
- random effects (1)
- random effects meta-regression model (1)
- ratchetting (1)
- raytracing (1)
- recombinant expression (1)
- rehabilitation (1)
- relative dosimetry (1)
- reliability analysis (1)
- reliability of structures (1)
- research association (1)
- resilience (1)
- resource abundance (1)
- retention time (1)
- retinal microvasculature (1)
- retinal vessels (1)
- review (1)
- rollout (1)
- rubber (1)
- running (1)
- sEMG (1)
- sarcomere operating length (1)
- scan strategy (1)
- scanned light pulse technique (1)
- seismic response (1)
- semantic role labeling (1)
- separable Hilbert space (1)
- series elastic element behavior (1)
- service-oriented architectures (1)
- shakedown analyses (1)
- shotgun sequencing (1)
- shoulder (1)
- silanization (1)
- simulation (1)
- sizing (1)
- slum classification (1)
- smart-charging (1)
- smooth muscle contraction (1)
- socio-economic welfare (1)
- soil amendment (1)
- soil health (1)
- soil remediation (1)
- solar process heat (1)
- solid-state battery (1)
- spatial resolution (1)
- speaker attribution (1)
- spore kill rate (1)
- sprint start (1)
- standard error of measurement (1)
- sterilisation (1)
- sterility (1)
- sterility tests (1)
- sterilization (1)
- sterilization conditions (1)
- sterilization efficacy (1)
- sterilization methods (1)
- stiffness (1)
- stochastic optimization (1)
- stochastic programming (1)
- strain energy function (1)
- stretch reflex (1)
- stretch-shortening cycle (1)
- structure-soil-structure interaction (1)
- superabsorbent polymers (1)
- superparamagnetic bead (1)
- superparamagnetic nanoparticles (1)
- supramolecular structures (1)
- surface functionalization (1)
- surface modification (1)
- surface-orthogonal path planning (1)
- survival (1)
- swelling properties (1)
- swimming (1)
- system optimization (1)
- system synthesis (1)
- systematic (1)
- technical operations research (1)
- technology planning (1)
- telecommunication (1)
- temperature (1)
- tendon rupture (1)
- tension–torsion loading (1)
- test-retest reliability (1)
- theory and modeling (1)
- thermal dose (1)
- thermal ratcheting (1)
- thermometry (1)
- tilted constant illumination (1)
- tissue temperature (1)
- titanium dioxide photoanode (1)
- transmit antenna arrays (1)
- transponder (1)
- transporters (1)
- tri-lineage differentiation (1)
- truss (1)
- turnip vein clearing virus (TVCV) (1)
- twin-fluid atomizer (1)
- ultrasonography (1)
- ultrathin gate insulators (1)
- uniformly most powerful invariant test (1)
- unloading (1)
- urease (1)
- validation methods (1)
- vault (1)
- vessels (1)
- video learning (1)
- videolaryngoscopy (1)
- virgin passive (1)
- virtual clean room (1)
- viscoelasticity (1)
- visualization (1)
- volume flexibility (1)
- walking (1)
- walking gait (1)
- wastewater (1)
- water economy (1)
- water supply design (1)
- wind turbine production (1)
- wound healing (1)
- yield (1)
- yield stress (1)
- α-aminoacylase (1)
- ε-lysine acylase (1)
Effective government services rely on accurate population numbers to allocate resources. In Colombia and globally, census enumeration is challenging in remote regions and where armed conflict is occurring. During census preparations, the Colombian National Administrative Department of Statistics conducted social cartography workshops, where community representatives estimated numbers of dwellings and people throughout their regions. We repurposed this information, combining it with remotely sensed buildings data and other geospatial data. To estimate building counts and population sizes, we developed hierarchical Bayesian models, trained using nearby full-coverage census enumerations and assessed using 10-fold cross-validation. We compared models to assess the relative contributions of community knowledge, remotely sensed buildings, and their combination to model fit. The Community model was unbiased but imprecise; the Satellite model was more precise but biased; and the Combination model was best for overall accuracy. Results reaffirmed the power of remotely sensed buildings data for population estimation and highlighted the value of incorporating local knowledge.
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is an underutilized lignocellulosic biomass that has several benefits such as high availability, renewability, and biomass yield. The grass press-juice obtained from the mechanical pretreatment can be used for the bio-based production of chemicals. Lactic acid is a platform chemical that has attracted consideration due to its broad area of applications. For this reason, the more sustainable production of lactic acid is expected to increase. In this work, lactic acid was produced using complex medium at the bench- and reactor scale, and the results were compared to those obtained using an optimized press-juice medium. Bench-scale fermentations were carried out in a pH-control system and lactic acid production reached approximately 21.84 ± 0.95 g/L in complex medium, and 26.61 ± 1.2 g/L in press-juice medium. In the bioreactor, the production yield was 0.91 ± 0.07 g/g, corresponding to a 1.4-fold increase with respect to the complex medium with fructose. As a comparison to the traditional ensiling process, the ensiling of whole grass fractions of different varieties harvested in summer and autumn was performed. Ensiling showed variations in lactic acid yields, with a yield up to 15.2% dry mass for the late-harvested samples, surpassing typical silage yields of 6–10% dry mass.
Purpose: Impaired paravascular drainage of β-Amyloid (Aβ) has been proposed as a contributing cause for sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as decreased cerebral blood vessel pulsatility and subsequently reduced propulsion in this pathway could lead to the accumulation and deposition of Aβ in the brain. Therefore, we hypothesized that there is an increased impairment in pulsatility across AD spectrum.
Patients and Methods: Using transcranial color-coded duplex sonography (TCCS) the resistance and pulsatility index (RI; PI) of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in healthy controls (HC, n=14) and patients with AD dementia (ADD, n=12) were measured. In a second step, we extended the sample by adding patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stratified by the presence (MCI-AD, n=8) or absence of biomarkers (MCI-nonAD, n=8) indicative for underlying AD pathology, and compared RI and PI across the groups. To control for atherosclerosis as a confounder, we measured the arteriolar-venular-ratio of retinal vessels.
Results: Left and right RI (p=0.020; p=0.027) and left PI (p=0.034) differed between HC and ADD controlled for atherosclerosis with AUCs of 0.776, 0.763, and 0.718, respectively. The RI and PI of MCI-AD tended towards ADD, of MCI-nonAD towards HC, respectively. RIs and PIs were associated with disease severity (p=0.010, p=0.023).
Conclusion: Our results strengthen the hypothesis that impaired pulsatility could cause impaired amyloid clearance from the brain and thereby might contribute to the development of AD. However, further studies considering other factors possibly influencing amyloid clearance as well as larger sample sizes are needed.
Purpose: A precise determination of the corneal diameter is essential for the diagnosis of various ocular diseases, cataract and refractive surgery as well as for the selection and fitting of contact lenses. The aim of this study was to investigate the agreement between two automatic and one manual method for corneal diameter determination and to evaluate possible diurnal variations in corneal diameter.
Patients and Methods: Horizontal white-to-white corneal diameter of 20 volunteers was measured at three different fixed times of a day with three methods: Scheimpflug method (Pentacam HR, Oculus), placido based topography (Keratograph 5M, Oculus) and manual method using an image analysis software at a slitlamp (BQ900, Haag-Streit).
Results: The two-factorial analysis of variance could not show a significant effect of the different instruments (p = 0.117), the different time points (p = 0.506) and the interaction between instrument and time point (p = 0.182). Very good repeatability (intraclass correlation coefficient ICC, quartile coefficient of dispersion QCD) was found for all three devices. However, manual slitlamp measurements showed a higher QCD than the automatic measurements with the Keratograph 5M and the Pentacam HR at all measurement times.
Conclusion: The manual and automated methods used in the study to determine corneal diameter showed good agreement and repeatability. No significant diurnal variations of corneal diameter were observed during the period of time studied.
Transgenic plants have the potential to produce recombinant proteins on an agricultural scale, with yields of several tons per year. The cost-effectiveness of transgenic plants increases if simple cultivation facilities such as greenhouses can be used for production. In such a setting, we expressed a novel affinity ligand based on the fluorescent protein DsRed, which we used as a carrier for the linear epitope ELDKWA from the HIV-neutralizing antibody 2F5. The DsRed-2F5-epitope (DFE) fusion protein was produced in 12 consecutive batches of transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants over the course of 2 years and was purified using a combination of blanching and immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography (IMAC). The average purity after IMAC was 57 ± 26% (n = 24) in terms of total soluble protein, but the average yield of pure DFE (12 mg kg−1) showed substantial variation (± 97 mg kg−1, n = 24) which correlated with seasonal changes. Specifically, we found that temperature peaks (>28°C) and intense illuminance (>45 klx h−1) were associated with lower DFE yields after purification, reflecting the loss of the epitope-containing C-terminus in up to 90% of the product. Whereas the weather factors were of limited use to predict product yields of individual harvests conducted for each batch (spaced by 1 week), the average batch yields were well approximated by simple linear regression models using two independent variables for prediction (illuminance and plant age). Interestingly, accumulation levels determined by fluorescence analysis were not affected by weather conditions but positively correlated with plant age, suggesting that the product was still expressed at high levels, but the extreme conditions affected its stability, albeit still preserving the fluorophore function. The efficient production of intact recombinant proteins in plants may therefore require adequate climate control and shading in greenhouses or even cultivation in fully controlled indoor farms.
Chromatography is the workhorse of biopharmaceutical downstream processing because it can selectively enrich a target product while removing impurities from complex feed streams. This is achieved by exploiting differences in molecular properties, such as size, charge and hydrophobicity (alone or in different combinations). Accordingly, many parameters must be tested during process development in order to maximize product purity and recovery, including resin and ligand types, conductivity, pH, gradient profiles, and the sequence of separation operations. The number of possible experimental conditions quickly becomes unmanageable. Although the range of suitable conditions can be narrowed based on experience, the time and cost of the work remain high even when using high-throughput laboratory automation. In contrast, chromatography modeling using inexpensive, parallelized computer hardware can provide expert knowledge, predicting conditions that achieve high purity and efficient recovery. The prediction of suitable conditions in silico reduces the number of empirical tests required and provides in-depth process understanding, which is recommended by regulatory authorities. In this article, we discuss the benefits and specific challenges of chromatography modeling. We describe the experimental characterization of chromatography devices and settings prior to modeling, such as the determination of column porosity. We also consider the challenges that must be overcome when models are set up and calibrated, including the cross-validation and verification of data-driven and hybrid (combined data-driven and mechanistic) models. This review will therefore support researchers intending to establish a chromatography modeling workflow in their laboratory.
Proteins are important ingredients in food and feed, they are the active components of many pharmaceutical products, and they are necessary, in the form of enzymes, for the success of many technical processes. However, production can be challenging, especially when using heterologous host cells such as bacteria to express and assemble recombinant mammalian proteins. The manufacturability of proteins can be hindered by low solubility, a tendency to aggregate, or inefficient purification. Tools such as in silico protein engineering and models that predict separation criteria can overcome these issues but usually require the complex shape and surface properties of proteins to be represented by a small number of quantitative numeric values known as descriptors, as similarly used to capture the features of small molecules. Here, we review the current status of protein descriptors, especially for application in quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) models. First, we describe the complexity of proteins and the properties that descriptors must accommodate. Then we introduce descriptors of shape and surface properties that quantify the global and local features of proteins. Finally, we highlight the current limitations of protein descriptors and propose strategies for the derivation of novel protein descriptors that are more informative.
Self metathesis of oleochemicals offers a variety of bifunctional compounds, that can be used as monomer for polymer production. Many precursors are in huge scales available, like oleic acid ester (biodiesel), oleyl alcohol (tensides), oleyl amines (tensides, lubricants). We show several ways to produce and separate and purify C18-α,ω-bifunctional compounds, using Grubbs 2nd Generation catalysts, starting from technical grade educts.
Background: Architectural representation, nurtured by the interaction between design thinking and design action, is inherently multi-layered. However, the representation object cannot always reflect these layers. Therefore, it is claimed that these reflections and layerings can gain visibility through ‘performativity in personal knowledge’, which basically has a performative character. The specific layers of representation produced during the performativity in personal knowledge permit insights about the ‘personal way of designing’ [1]. Therefore, the question, ‘how can these layered drawings be decomposed to understand the personal way of designing’, can be defined as the beginning of the study. On the other hand, performativity in personal knowledge in architectural design is handled through the relationship between explicit and tacit knowledge and representational and non-representational theory. To discuss the practical dimension of these theoretical relations, Zvi Hecker's drawing of the Heinz-Galinski-School is examined as an example. The study aims to understand the relationships between the layers by decomposing a layered drawing analytically in order to exemplify personal ways of designing.
Methods: The study is based on qualitative research methodologies. First, a model has been formed through theoretical readings to discuss the performativity in personal knowledge. This model is used to understand the layered representations and to research the personal way of designing. Thus, one drawing of Hecker’s Heinz-Galinski-School project is chosen. Second, its layers are decomposed to detect and analyze diverse objects, which hint to different types of design tools and their application. Third, Zvi Hecker’s statements of the design process are explained through the interview data [2] and other sources. The obtained data are compared with each other.
Results: By decomposing the drawing, eleven layers are defined. These layers are used to understand the relation between the design idea and its representation. They can also be thought of as a reading system. In other words, a method to discuss Hecker’s performativity in personal knowledge is developed. Furthermore, the layers and their interconnections are described in relation to Zvi Hecker’s personal way of designing.
Conclusions: It can be said that layered representations, which are associated with the multilayered structure of performativity in personal knowledge, form the personal way of designing.