Refine
Author
- Schöning, Michael Josef (32)
- Gebhardt, Andreas (16)
- Poghossian, Arshak (14)
- Dachwald, Bernd (11)
- Olbertz, Klaus (11)
- Ferrein, Alexander (10)
- Fateri, Miranda (9)
- Staat, Manfred (9)
- Bung, Daniel Bernhard (8)
- Butenweg, Christoph (8)
- Bäcker, Matthias (8)
- Tippkötter, Nils (8)
- Wagner, Torsten (8)
- Funke, Harald (7)
- Keinz, Jan (7)
- Keusgen, Michael (7)
- Kroll-Ludwigs, Kathrin (7)
- Albracht, Kirsten (6)
- Altherr, Lena (6)
- Ederer, Thorsten (6)
- Ulber, Roland (6)
- Wagner, Patrick (6)
- Iken, Heiko (5)
- Lind, Thorsten Patric (5)
- Pelz, Peter F. (5)
- Schusser, Sebastian (5)
- Vismann, Ulrich (5)
- Bialonski, Stephan (4)
- Bronder, Thomas (4)
- Brüggemann, Gert-Peter (4)
- Digel, Ilya (4)
- Duong, Minh Tuan (4)
- Fasoulas, Stefanos (4)
- Frotscher, Ralf (4)
- Gabrielli, Roland Antonius (4)
- Großmann, Agnes (4)
- Grundmann, Jan Thimo (4)
- Haj Ayed, A. (4)
- Herdrich, Georg (4)
- Kirchner, Patrick (4)
- Lakemeyer, Gerhard (4)
- Middendorf, Peter (4)
- Mottaghy, Darius (4)
- Muffler, Kai (4)
- Oberländer, Jan (4)
- Scheer, Nico (4)
- Schiffer, Stefan (4)
- Seefeldt, Patric (4)
- Temiz Artmann, Aysegül (4)
- Timme, Michael (4)
- Wu, Chunsheng (4)
- Anthrakidis, Anette (3)
- Bitz, Andreas (3)
- Bromm, Alexander (3)
- Esch, Thomas (3)
- Fissabre, Anke (3)
- Fredebeul-Krein, Markus (3)
- Goßmann, Matthias (3)
- Henderson, Colin J. (3)
- Hüning, Felix (3)
- Janser, Frank (3)
- Jildeh, Zaid B. (3)
- Keusgen, M. (3)
- Kinder, Stephanie (3)
- Kowalski, Julia (3)
- Kusterer, K. (3)
- Kürten, Sylvia (3)
- Leinhos, Marcel (3)
- Lorenz, Ulf (3)
- Mang, Thomas (3)
- Meinhardt, Kerstin (3)
- Niemueller, Tim (3)
- Oertel, Mario (3)
- Pöttgen, Philipp (3)
- Schneider, Bettina (3)
- Schneider, Wilhelm (3)
- Scholl, Ingrid (3)
- Selmer, Thorsten (3)
- Sohling, Ulrich (3)
- Steuer-Dankert, Linda (3)
- Suck, Kirstin (3)
- Tietze, Jürgen (3)
- Wagner, P. (3)
- Weber, Tobias (3)
- Wendeler, Luisa (3)
- Wilke, Thomas (3)
- Wolf, C. Roland (3)
- Yoshinobu, Tatsuo (3)
- Ziegler, Martin (3)
- Abel, Dirk (2)
- Albin, Thivaharan (2)
- Alexopoulos, Spiros (2)
- Artmann, Gerhard (2)
- Barnat, Miriam (2)
- Bauer, Waldemar (2)
- Baumann, M. (2)
- Biener, Ernst (2)
- Bohn, D. (2)
- Botti, Andrea (2)
- Breuer, Lars (2)
- Döring, Bernd (2)
- Egner, Ralf (2)
- Fasse, Alessandro (2)
- Feiser, Johannes (2)
- Geier, Christian (2)
- Hahn, Pia (2)
- Herrmann, Ulf (2)
- Heyde, Stefan (2)
- Hoepner, Gert (2)
- Horikawa, A. (2)
- Horikawa, Atsushi (2)
- Huck, Christina (2)
- Höfken, Hans-Wilhelm (2)
- Kantz, Holger (2)
- Kapelyukh, Yury (2)
- Kazari, M. (2)
- Kazari, Masahide (2)
- Kesti, Jyrki (2)
- Kitajima, J. (2)
- Kolditz, Melanie (2)
- Kotliar, Konstantin (2)
- Krause, Christian (2)
- Krischer, M. (2)
- Kusterer, Karsten (2)
- Lagemaat, Miriam W. (2)
- Lange, Caroline (2)
- Laumann, Jörg (2)
- Lawson, Mark (2)
- Lehnertz, Klaus (2)
- Lohse, Wolfram (2)
- Mclaughlin, Lesley A. (2)
- Miyamoto, Ko-ichiro (2)
- Molinnus, Denise (2)
- Nguyen, Nhu Huynh (2)
- Noomen, Ron (2)
- Okada, K. (2)
- Okada, Kunio (2)
- Orzada, Stephan (2)
- Peterson, Leif Arne (2)
- Pfaff, Raphael (2)
- Pieper, Martin (2)
- Pilas, Johanna (2)
- Pirovano, Laura (2)
- Prokop, Ines (2)
- Quantius, Dominik (2)
- Raatschen, Hans-Jürgen (2)
- Rahier, Michael (2)
- Raue, Markus (2)
- Reger, Vitali (2)
- Reisert, Steffen (2)
- Renftle, Georg (2)
- Ritz, Thomas (2)
- Rosin, J. (2)
- Ruf, Friedrich (2)
- Sanno, Maximilian (2)
- Scheenen, Tom W. J. (2)
- Scherer, Ulrich W. (2)
- Schnauffer, Peter (2)
- Schorn, Christian (2)
- Schuba, Marko (2)
- Schwarzer, Klemens (2)
- Schänzle, Christian (2)
- Seifarth, Volker (2)
- Siegert, Petra (2)
- Siers, Carsten (2)
- Srivastava, Alok (2)
- Stadtmüller, Ralf (2)
- Stangel-Meseke, Martina (2)
- Striegan, Constantin (2)
- Stroetmann, Richard (2)
- Strohmeier, Andreas (2)
- Taddei, Francesca (2)
- Thiel, Alexander (2)
- Tran, Thanh Ngoc (2)
- Tóth, Norbert (2)
- Ulamec, Stephan (2)
- Valero, Daniel (2)
- Wedding, Philipp (2)
- Wollert, Jörg (2)
- Abbas, Karim (1)
- Abel, Thomas (1)
- Adam, Michael J. (1)
- Akimbekov, Nuraly S. (1)
- Akker, N. M. S. van den (1)
- Akpinar, Hale (1)
- Al-Kaidy, Huschyar (1)
- Albrecht, Dirk (1)
- Alhwarin, Faraj (1)
- Ansmann, Gerrit (1)
- Apaydin, N. M. (1)
- Arent, Jan-Christoph (1)
- Arndt, A. (1)
- Astaneh-Asl, A. (1)
- Balc, Nicolae (1)
- Balmes, Jan P. (1)
- Bank, Bart L. van de (1)
- Baringhaus, Ludwig (1)
- Barkschat, Kai (1)
- Bassam Abduljabbar, Rasha (1)
- Bauer, S. M. (1)
- Beaudou, B. (1)
- Becher, Dörte (1)
- Becker, C. (1)
- Beging, Stefan (1)
- Begoyan, Vardges K. (1)
- Behbahani, Mehdi (1)
- Benabid, F. (1)
- Benard, Francois (1)
- Berg, Tobias (1)
- Bhattarai, Aroj (1)
- Biele, Jens (1)
- Bienstman, P. (1)
- Billerbeck, Katrin (1)
- Bindewald, Thorsten (1)
- Bing, Yu (1)
- Bischof, Michael (1)
- Biselli, Manfred (1)
- Blandford, Daniel (1)
- Bojsen-Moller, J. (1)
- Bongaerts, Johannes (1)
- Bonin, Dominik (1)
- Bowitz, Pascal (1)
- Brahma, Aischarya (1)
- Braun, Sebastian (1)
- Braunstein, Bjoern (1)
- Breuer, Michael (1)
- Bubner, André (1)
- Buchmann, Nina (1)
- Buckley, Ken (1)
- Buday, T. (1)
- Budnicki, Aleksander (1)
- Buniatyan, Vahe V. (1)
- Burkett, Brendan (1)
- Busch, Diana (1)
- Busse, Daniel (1)
- Bäcker, M. (1)
- Calliess, Gralf-Peter (1)
- Carvalho, Rita F. (1)
- Cehreli, Ruksan (1)
- Celler, Anna (1)
- Ceriotti, M. (1)
- Ceriotti, Matteo (1)
- Chanson, Hubert (1)
- Chen, Tao (1)
- Chwallek, Constanze (1)
- Clauser, Christoph (1)
- Cordero, Frederico (1)
- Cronin, N. J. (1)
- Crosetto, Paolo (1)
- Czarnecki, Christian (1)
- Damm, Marc André (1)
- Dantism, S. (1)
- Debord, B. (1)
- Delle, Lotta E. (1)
- Dicle, Oguz (1)
- Dikta, Gerhard (1)
- Ding, Xinxin (1)
- Dobischat, Rolf (1)
- Drath, Rainer (1)
- Dulzon, A. (1)
- Duwe, Anna (1)
- Dykta, Paul (1)
- Eich, Dieter (1)
- Eilmann, Britta (1)
- Elger, Christian E. (1)
- Engelmann, Ulrich M. (1)
- Englhard, Markus (1)
- Engling, Christoph (1)
- Erbay, E. (1)
- Espe, Clemens (1)
- Evers, Stefan (1)
- Ewerhart, D. (1)
- Ewert, Daniel (1)
- Ey, Ludger (1)
- Fahlman, M. (1)
- Feichtinger, Linda M. (1)
- Feldmann, Marco (1)
- Feldmann, Markus (1)
- Fend, Thomas (1)
- Feyerl, Günter (1)
- Fiedler, Gerda (1)
- Finni, T. (1)
- Fischer, Felix (1)
- Fleischhaker, Robert (1)
- Flores Martinez, Claudio (1)
- Fournier, Yvan (1)
- Francke, Gero (1)
- Förstner, R. (1)
- Förstner, Roger (1)
- Gaigall, Daniel (1)
- Ganse, Bergita (1)
- Gebs, Raphael (1)
- Geissler, H. (1)
- Geißler, Karsten (1)
- Gell, Sebastian (1)
- Gerome, F. (1)
- Gezer, Sinem (1)
- Goeckel, Tom (1)
- Goldbach, Daniel (1)
- Goldmann, Jan-Peter (1)
- Golland, Alexander (1)
- Grandthyll, Samuel (1)
- Greeff, Anton (1)
- Grimm, Christian (1)
- Grimm, Christian D. (1)
- Gromov, Viacheslav (1)
- Grosse, J. O. (1)
- Groß, Rolf Fritz (1)
- Haenen, K. (1)
- Hager, Jonathan (1)
- Hailer, Benjamin (1)
- Haj Ayed, Anis (1)
- Haji Ayed, Anis (1)
- Hall, R. (1)
- Hallmann, Willi (1)
- Hanemaayer, Victoire (1)
- Hasenau, A. (1)
- Hauser, C. (1)
- Havermann, Marc (1)
- Hecker, Michael (1)
- Heemann, U. (1)
- Heerschap, Arend (1)
- Heinrich, Kai (1)
- Helmig, Ilka (1)
- Henn, Gudrun (1)
- Henneböhl, B. (1)
- Hentschke, Reinhard (1)
- Heschel, I. (1)
- Heuer, R. (1)
- Heuermann, Holger (1)
- Hiecke, Hannah (1)
- Hillen, Walter (1)
- Hillgärtner, Michael (1)
- Hoehr, Cornelia (1)
- Hoeveler, Bastian (1)
- Hojdis, Nils (1)
- Holopainen, R. (1)
- Homburg, Carsten (1)
- Hou, Xinchi (1)
- Hough, Lindsay B. (1)
- Hoyler, Friedrich (1)
- Hruschka, Steffen M. (1)
- Huschyar, Al-Kaidy (1)
- Huster, Manuel (1)
- Höfler, M. (1)
- Hötter, Jan-Steffen (1)
- Ingebrandt, Sven (1)
- Iomdina, E. N. (1)
- Ismayilova, Uliviya (1)
- Jablonski, Melanie (1)
- Jacobs, Karin (1)
- Jeromin, Günter Erich (1)
- Jeschke, Sabina (1)
- Jung, Alexander (1)
- Jung, N. (1)
- Jörissen, Jörg (1)
- Kahle, Ralph (1)
- Kallweit, Stephan (1)
- Kampeis, Percy (1)
- Kamptmann, Sonja B. (1)
- Karimi-Varzaneh, Hossein Ali (1)
- Katz, Evgeny (1)
- Kaul, Peter (1)
- Kehrmann, K. (1)
- Kempkes, Marian (1)
- Kern, Alexander (1)
- Kessler, Julia (1)
- Khatibi, Akbar A. (1)
- Kilic, S. A. (1)
- Killi, Alexander (1)
- Kirschbaum, M. (1)
- Kleinbauer, Jochen (1)
- Klettke, Tanja (1)
- Klinge, Uwe (1)
- Klinkel, S. (1)
- Klinkel, Sven (1)
- Kneer, R. (1)
- Knolle, F. (1)
- Knolle, Friedhart (1)
- Knupp, Gerd (1)
- Kobus, Thiele (1)
- Koch, Aaron (1)
- Koch, Aaron Dexter (1)
- Koch, Jan-Peter (1)
- Kolvenbach, K. (1)
- Koncz, Alexander (1)
- Konstantinidis, K. (1)
- Konstantinidis, Konstantinos (1)
- Kowalczyk, Jürgen (1)
- Koy, Timmo (1)
- Kraff, Oliver (1)
- Kraft, Bodo (1)
- Kramer, Friederike (1)
- Kremers, Alexander (1)
- Kriechbaumer, Andreas (1)
- Krischer, Maximillian (1)
- Krisnamurthy, Hemanth Kumar (1)
- Kronhardt, Valentina (1)
- Krückel, Kai (1)
- Kubalski, T. (1)
- Kubalski, Thomas (1)
- Kuck, Alexander (1)
- Kuhnhenne, Markus (1)
- Kunkel, Maximilian (1)
- Kuperjans, Isabel (1)
- Kurz, Melanie (1)
- Kusch, Peter (1)
- Kühlheim, René (1)
- Kühn, Bertram (1)
- Kümmell, Steffen (1)
- Laack, Walter van (1)
- Ladd, Mark E. (1)
- Ladd, Susanne C. (1)
- Ladwig, Tina (1)
- Latzke, Markus (1)
- Lauth, Jakob (1)
- Lautso, Petteri (1)
- Leandro, Jorge (1)
- Leicht-Scholten, Carmen (1)
- Lenz, Florian (1)
- Lenz, Laura L. (1)
- Ley, Steven (1)
- Lieberwirth, Peter (1)
- Lilischkis, Rainer (1)
- Limpert, Nicolas (1)
- Lin, De (1)
- Lindenlauf, Simon (1)
- Lindner, Peter (1)
- Liu, X. (1)
- Lopes, Pedro (1)
- Lozana, Lara (1)
- Maas, Marnix C. (1)
- Magnusson, S. P. (1)
- Maier, Christopher (1)
- Mansurov, Z.A. (1)
- Mariano, K. (1)
- Marquart, Gabriele (1)
- Marschall, Herbert (1)
- Martens, D. (1)
- Martinez, C. F. (1)
- Matcha, Heike (1)
- Mathies, Johannes (1)
- Matos, J. (1)
- Maurer, Karl-Heinz (1)
- Mayer, Dirk (1)
- Melcher, Karin (1)
- Mendonca, Jorge (1)
- Merseburg, Johannes (1)
- Mewes, Dieter (1)
- Michel, P. (1)
- Michel, Philipp (1)
- Michiels, L. (1)
- Mielke, M. (1)
- Mikschl, Tobias (1)
- Miyamato, Ko-ichiro (1)
- Molin, D. G. M. (1)
- Mononen, Tarmo (1)
- Montenegro, Sergio (1)
- Moulinec, Charles (1)
- Mueller, Wolfram (1)
- Mulhern, Colm (1)
- Muntaniol, Roman (1)
- Murib, M. S. (1)
- Musio, Biagia (1)
- Mühl, Thomas (1)
- Mühlbacher, Clemens (1)
- Müller, Bodo (1)
- Müller, Burghard (1)
- Müller, Frank (1)
- Müller, Lars Peter (1)
- Nalwalk, Julia W. (1)
- Naumes, Johannes (1)
- Nebgen, Nikolaus (1)
- Neshvad, Surena (1)
- Neu, Eugen (1)
- Neumann, U. (1)
- Nguyen, N. H. (1)
- Nicolai, Mike (1)
- Nieminen, J. (1)
- Niethammer, Bernhard (1)
- Nikbin, Nikzad (1)
- Nolden, Florian (1)
- Noureddine, Yacine (1)
- Ohndorf, Andreas (1)
- Orifici, Adrian C. (1)
- Oster, Jürgen (1)
- Oswald, Stefan (1)
- Otten, D. (1)
- Otto, Jens (1)
- O’Heras, C. (1)
- Palomar Duran, Marlena (1)
- Paulßen, Elisabeth (1)
- Peloni, A. (1)
- Peloni, Alessandro (1)
- Pelz, Peter (1)
- Peters, David (1)
- Pham, Phu Tinh (1)
- Pietsch, Wolfram (1)
- Pinders, Udo (1)
- Plescher, Engelbert (1)
- Pohl, Martina (1)
- Pricking, Sebastian (1)
- Querg, David (1)
- Radach, Karina (1)
- Rath, Walter (1)
- Rebel, Sören (1)
- Reda, F. (1)
- Reifenberg, Dirk (1)
- Renders, L. (1)
- Rendón, Carlos (1)
- Reuter, Sebastian (1)
- Rible, Sebastian (1)
- Richter, Alina (1)
- Rieser, Claudia (1)
- Rigling, Andreas (1)
- Rittweger, Jörn (1)
- Ritzdorf, Wolfgang (1)
- Rode, Anja (1)
- Rodgers, Christopher T. (1)
- Rogin, Sabine (1)
- Roosen, Petra (1)
- Rudolph, Martin (1)
- Ruffer, Michael (1)
- Ruga, Julija (1)
- Ruth, Thomas J. (1)
- Röth, A. (1)
- Sachau, Jürgen (1)
- Sadeghfam, Arash (1)
- Sadykov, R. (1)
- Sagol, Ozgul (1)
- Sakakita, Sakura (1)
- Salden, Peter (1)
- Sasaki, Kaname (1)
- Sattler, Johannes, Christoph (1)
- Savitskaya, I.S. (1)
- Schaefers, Gregor (1)
- Schaffer, Paul (1)
- Scheja, S. (1)
- Scheja, Sabrina (1)
- Schieferdecker, Richard (1)
- Schiffels, Johannes (1)
- Schilling, Sivo (1)
- Schlegel, Christin (1)
- Schmaderer, C. (1)
- Schmid, M. (1)
- Schmidt, Bernd (1)
- Schmidt, Herbert (1)
- Schmitt, T. (1)
- Schmitz, Günter (1)
- Schmitz, Nicole (1)
- Schmitz, Timo (1)
- Schmitz-Rode, T. (1)
- Schmölzer, Bernhard (1)
- Schneider, Benno (1)
- Schneider, Felix (1)
- Schneider, Horst (1)
- Schnitzler, Thomas (1)
- Schnug, E. (1)
- Schnug, Ewald (1)
- Schreiber, Marc (1)
- Schumann, Christiane (1)
- Schweder, Thomas (1)
- Schöngarth, Sarah (1)
- Schüller, Michael (1)
- Seelmann, Jürgen (1)
- Selver, M. Alper (1)
- Serpengüzel, A. (1)
- Seynnes, O. R. (1)
- Shang, Peng (1)
- Shemeikka, J. (1)
- Sievers, Susanne (1)
- Sirazitdinova, Y. (1)
- Slabu, I. (1)
- Smits, Frits (1)
- Stahlberg, Nadine (1)
- Stanley, Lesley A. (1)
- Steinbauer, Gerald (1)
- Straubel, Marco (1)
- Sturm, Nora (1)
- Stäudle, Benjamin (1)
- Sutter, Dirk (1)
- Suttmann, Y. (1)
- Sznajder, Maciej (1)
- Takenaga, S. (1)
- Takenaga, Shoko (1)
- Tastambek, K.T. (1)
- Tedjasukmana, Osmond Sanjaya (1)
- Tewari, Udit (1)
- Theis, Jochen (1)
- Thoelen, R. (1)
- Thoelen, Roland (1)
- Thoelen, Ronald (1)
- Tholen, S. (1)
- Thurn, Laura (1)
- Thürling, Markus (1)
- Tim, Sieker (1)
- Tolba, R. H. (1)
- Trahms, L. (1)
- Tran, Duc Hung (1)
- Ualyeva, P.S. (1)
- Uden, Mark J. van (1)
- Uibel, Thomas (1)
- Ummenhofer, Thomas (1)
- Una-Alcarez, Jacobo de (1)
- Vassos, Stravros (1)
- Vergé, Angela (1)
- Vitting, Eva (1)
- Voigt, Birgit (1)
- Voigt, Konstantin (1)
- Vos, Eline K. (1)
- Vu, Xuan T. (1)
- Wagner, Hermann (1)
- Wallenborn, Ramona (1)
- Wallnöfer, Armin (1)
- Warmer, Johannes (1)
- Weil, Maryam (1)
- Weiland, Elisabeth (1)
- Weiler, C. (1)
- Weiler, Sascha (1)
- Weis, Fabian (1)
- Weitzel, J. (1)
- Wejmo, Elisabet (1)
- Wenk, T. (1)
- Werner, Frederik (1)
- Wettingfeld, Jürgen (1)
- Wiesen, Sebastian (1)
- Wiezik, P. (1)
- Willbrand, Karen (1)
- Willenberg, H. (1)
- Witt, Gerd (1)
- Wolf, Martin (1)
- Wulfhorst, Helene (1)
- Yang, Peng-Fei (1)
- Yeap, W. S. (1)
- Zander, Martin E. (1)
- Zeisler, Stefan (1)
- Zeller, Sebastian (1)
- Zhubanova, A.A. (1)
- Zilligen, H. (1)
- Zold, A. (1)
- Zündorf, Albert (1)
Year of publication
- 2015 (284) (remove)
Institute
- Fachbereich Medizintechnik und Technomathematik (68)
- Fachbereich Wirtschaftswissenschaften (42)
- IfB - Institut für Bioengineering (38)
- INB - Institut für Nano- und Biotechnologien (36)
- Fachbereich Luft- und Raumfahrttechnik (31)
- Fachbereich Chemie und Biotechnologie (30)
- Fachbereich Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik (30)
- Fachbereich Bauingenieurwesen (26)
- Fachbereich Energietechnik (23)
- Fachbereich Maschinenbau und Mechatronik (22)
Has Fulltext
- no (284) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (125)
- Conference Proceeding (78)
- Part of a Book (39)
- Book (21)
- Other (7)
- Report (7)
- Doctoral Thesis (5)
- Patent (2)
Keywords
- Attitude dynamics (1)
- Booster Station (1)
- Carsharing (1)
- Charging stations (1)
- Discrete Optimisation (1)
- Discrete Optimization (1)
- E-carsharing (1)
- E-mobility (1)
- Efficiency (1)
- Electrical vehicle (1)
Breuer, Lars ; Raue, Markus ; Kirschbaum, M. ; Mang, Thomas ; Schöning, Michael Josef ; Thoelen, R. ; Wagner, Torsten
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) hydrogel films with incorporated graphene oxide (GO) were developed and tested as light-stimulated actuators. GO dispersions were synthesized via Hummers method and characterized toward their optical properties and photothermal energy conversion. The hydrogels were prepared by means of photopolymerization. In addition, the influence of GO within the hydrogel network on the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The optical absorbance and the response to illumination were determined as a function of GO concentration for thin hydrogel films. A proof of principle for the stimulation with light was performed.
A multi-spot (16 spots) light-addressable potentiometric sensor (MLAPS) consisting of an Al–p-Si–SiO2 structure modified with a weak polyelectrolyte layer of PAH (poly(allylamine hydrochloride)) was applied for the label-free electrical detection of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) immobilization and hybridization by the intrinsic molecular charge for the first time. To achieve a preferentially flat orientation of DNA strands and thus, to reduce the distance between the DNA charge and MLAPS surface, the negatively charged probe single-stranded DNAs (ssDNA) were electrostatically adsorbed onto the positively charged PAH layer using a simple layer-by-layer (LbL) technique. In this way, more DNA charge can be positioned within the Debye length, yielding a higher sensor signal. The surface potential changes in each spot induced due to the surface modification steps (PAH adsorption, probe ssDNA immobilization, hybridization with complementary target DNA (cDNA), non-specific adsorption of mismatched ssDNA) were determined from the shifts of photocurrent–voltage curves along the voltage axis. A high sensor signal of 83 mV was registered after immobilization of probe ssDNA onto the PAH layer. The hybridization signal increases from 5 mV to 32 mV with increasing the concentration of cDNA from 0.1 nM to 5 μM. In contrast, a small signal of 5 mV was recorded in the case of non-specific adsorption of fully mismatched ssDNA (5 μM). The obtained results demonstrate the potential of the MLAPS in combination with the simple and rapid LbL immobilization technique as a promising platform for the future development of multi-spot light-addressable label-free DNA chips with direct electrical readout.
Beging, Stefan ; Leinhos, Marcel ; Jablonski, Melanie ; Poghossian, Arshak ; Schöning, Michael Josef
Capacitive field-effect sensors modified with a multi-enzyme membrane have been applied for an electronic transduction of biochemical signals processed by enzyme-based AND-Reset and OR-Reset logic gates. The local pH change at the sensor surface induced by the enzymatic reaction was used for the activation of the Reset function for the first time.