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This study describes the development of a new combined polysaccharide-matrix-based technology for the immobilization of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) bacteria in biofilm form. The new composition allows for delivering the bacteria to the digestive tract in a manner that improves their robustness compared with planktonic cells and released biofilm cells. Granules consisting of a polysaccharide matrix with probiotic biofilms (PMPB) with high cell density (>9 log CFU/g) were obtained by immobilization in the optimized nutrient medium. Successful probiotic loading was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The developed prebiotic polysaccharide matrix significantly enhanced LGG viability under acidic (pH 2.0) and bile salt (0.3%) stress conditions. Enzymatic extract of feces, mimicking colon fluid in terms of cellulase activity, was used to evaluate the intestinal release of probiotics. PMPB granules showed the ability to gradually release a large number of viable LGG cells in the model colon fluid. In vivo, the oral administration of PMPB granules in rats resulted in the successful release of probiotics in the colon environment. The biofilm-forming incubation method of immobilization on a complex polysaccharide matrix tested in this study has shown high efficacy and promising potential for the development of innovative biotechnologies.
This paper presents an approach to predicting the sound exposure on the ground caused by a landing aircraft with recuperating propellers. The noise source along the trajectory of a flight specified for a steeper approach is simulated based on measurements of sound power levels and additional parameters of a single propeller placed in a wind tunnel. To validate the measured data/measurement results, these simulations are also supported by overflight measurements of a test aircraft. It is shown that the simple source models of propellers do not provide fully satisfactory results since the sound levels are estimated too low. Nevertheless, with a further reference comparison, margins for an acceptable increase in the sound power level of the aircraft on its now steeper approach path could be estimated. Thus, in this case, a +7 dB increase in SWL would not increase the SEL compared to the conventional approach within only 2 km ahead of the airfield.
The growing body of political texts opens up new opportunities for rich insights into political dynamics and ideologies but also increases the workload for manual analysis. Automated speaker attribution, which detects who said what to whom in a speech event and is closely related to semantic role labeling, is an important processing step for computational text analysis. We study the potential of the large language model family Llama 2 to automate speaker attribution in German parliamentary debates from 2017-2021. We fine-tune Llama 2 with QLoRA, an efficient training strategy, and observe our approach to achieve competitive performance in the GermEval 2023 Shared Task On Speaker Attribution in German News Articles and Parliamentary Debates. Our results shed light on the capabilities of large language models in automating speaker attribution, revealing a promising avenue for computational analysis of political discourse and the development of semantic role labeling systems.
Preprint: Studies on the enzymatic reduction of levulinic acid using Chiralidon-R and Chiralidon-S
(2023)
The enzymatic reduction of levulinic acid by the chiral catalysts Chiralidon-R and Chiralidon-S which are commercially available superabsorbed alcohol dehydrogenases is described. The Chiralidon®-R/S reduces the levulinic acid to the (R,S)-4-hydroxy valeric acid and the (R)- or (S)- gamma-valerolactone.
Even the shortest flight through unknown, cluttered environments requires reliable local path planning algorithms to avoid unforeseen obstacles. The algorithm must evaluate alternative flight paths and identify the best path if an obstacle blocks its way. Commonly, weighted sums are used here. This work shows that weighted Chebyshev distances and factorial achievement scalarising functions are suitable alternatives to weighted sums if combined with the 3DVFH* local path planning algorithm. Both methods considerably reduce the failure probability of simulated flights in various environments. The standard 3DVFH* uses a weighted sum and has a failure probability of 50% in the test environments. A factorial achievement scalarising function, which minimises the worst combination of two out of four objective functions, reaches a failure probability of 26%; A weighted Chebyshev distance, which optimises the worst objective, has a failure probability of 30%. These results show promise for further enhancements and to support broader applicability.
Experimental determination of the cross sections of proton capture on radioactive nuclei is extremely difficult. Therefore, it is of substantial interest for the understanding of the production of the p-nuclei. For the first time, a direct measurement of proton-capture cross sections on stored, radioactive ions became possible in an energy range of interest for nuclear astrophysics. The experiment was performed at the Experimental Storage Ring (ESR) at GSI by making use of a sensitive method to measure (p,γ) and (p,n) reactions in inverse kinematics. These reaction channels are of high relevance for the nucleosyn-thesis processes in supernovae, which are among the most violent explosions in the universe and are not yet well understood. The cross section of the ¹¹⁸Te(p,γ) reaction has been measured at energies of 6 MeV/u and 7 MeV/u. The heavy ions interacted with a hydrogen gas jet target. The radiative recombination process of the fully stripped ¹¹⁸Te ions and electrons from the hydrogen target was used as a luminosity monitor. An overview of the experimental method and preliminary results from the ongoing analysis will be presented.
§ 1 | Geltungsbereich der Prüfungsordnung
§ 2 | Ziel des Studiums, Zweck der Prüfung, Abschlussgrad
§ 3 | Beginn, Dauer, Umfang und Gliederung des Studiums
§ 4 | Zugang zum Studium, Praktikum
§ 5 | Prüfungsausschuss
§ 6 | Studien- und Prüfungselemente
§ 7 | Zulassung zu den Prüfungen
§ 8 | Durchführung von Prüfungen
§ 9 | Verbesserungsversuch
§ 10 | Anrechnung von Studienzeiten, Studien- und Prüfungsleistungen
§ 11 | Praxissemester
§ 12 | Mobilitätssemester (Auslandssemester)
§ 13 | Bachelorprojekt§ 14 | Gesamtnote, Zeugnis, Bachelorurkunde
§ 15 | Inkrafttreten, Veröffentlichung
Anlage 1 | Studienplan Kernstudium
Anlage 2 | Allgemeine Kompetenzen
Rabbit Hole : welchen Einfluss digitale Plattformen auf rechte Radikalisierungsprozesse haben
(2023)
Obwohl 2019 als das Jahr rechtsterroristischer Anschläge weltweit gilt und die rechte Szene in den letzten Jahren auch in der gesellschaftlichen Mitte deutlich an Zuwachs gewinnen konnte, ist das Thema rund um rechtsextreme Online-Radikalisierung noch verhältnismäßig wenig erforscht. Laut Expert*innen ist dabei jeder Mensch potenziell für eine Radikalisierung anfällig, wenn es die Umstände begünstigen. Dass unsere Leben on- und offline immer weiter miteinander verschmelzen, erhöht die Gefahr für eine mögliche Radikalisierung zusätzlich. »Rabbit Hole« wurde als monothematisch erscheinende Bookazine-Reihe konzipiert, welche pro Ausgabe ein Thema rund um die Gefahren, Herausforderungen und Phänomene, die das Internet und digitale Plattformen mit sich bringen, beleuchtet. Sie soll zur Aufklärung von insbesondere jungen Erwachsenen beitragen. Die erste Ausgabe wurde beispielhaft ausgearbeitet.
Die IMechE Railway Challenge wird jährlich in Stapleford, Großbritannien ausgetragen. Im Rahmen der Challenge entwickeln und bauen Studierende eine Lokomotive und vergleichen sich in verschiedenen Disziplinen, darunter eine automatisierte Zielbremsung, optimale Energierückgewinnung beim Bremsen und minimale Geräuschemissionen. Neben diesen und weiteren technischen Wettbewerbsdisziplinen treten die Fahrzeuge und die Teams auch in nicht-technischen Disziplinen wie einer Business Case Challenge an.