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Physische Prototypen, also Anschauungs- und Funktionsmodelle nach den generativen oder Rapid Prototyping (RP) Verfahren haben sich in diesem Zusammenhang vor allem als Hilfsmittel zur effektiven Kommunikation und zur Evaluierung von Produkteigenschaften einen festen Platz in der Produktentstehung erworben. Die positiven Effekte der etablierten RP Verfahren sind unumstritten. Einfachere, schnellere und wirtschaftlichere Maschinen (Prototyper, Fabrikator), vor allem auch für die Büroumgebung, geben neue Impulse im Sinne der Optimierung der heutigen Verfahren. Eine neue Dimension verspricht die Option „Farbe“ der bisher fast ausschließlich monochromen Modelle. Ist Farbe nur „nice to have“ oder welchen Effekt haben farbige Modelle als Werkzeug von Konstrukteuren und Produktenwicklern? Welche Perspektiven bietet „Farbe“ darüber hinaus?
The optical properties of the thin metalized polymer films that are projected for solar sails are assumed to be affected by the erosive effects of the space environment. Their degradation behavior in the real space environment, however, is to a considerable degree indefinite, because initial ground test results are controversial and relevant inspace tests have not been made so far. The standard optical solar sail models that are currently used for trajectory design do not take optical degradation into account, hence its potential effects on trajectory design have not been investigated so far. Nevertheless, optical degradation is important for high-fidelity solar sail mission design, because it decreases both the magnitude of the solar radiation pressure force acting on the sail and also the sail control authority. Therefore, we propose a simple parametric optical solar sail degradation model that describes the variation of the sail film’s optical coefficients with time, depending on the sail film’s environmental history, i.e., the radiation dose. The primary intention of our model is not to describe the exact behavior of specific film-coating combinations in the real space environment, but to provide a more general parametric framework for describing the general optical degradation behavior of solar sails. Using our model, the effects of different optical degradation behaviors on trajectory design are investigated for various exemplary missions.
Low-thrust space propulsion systems enable flexible high-energy deep space missions, but the design and optimization of the interplanetary transfer trajectory is usually difficult. It involves much experience and expert knowledge because the convergence behavior of traditional local trajectory optimization methods depends strongly on an adequate initial guess. Within this extended abstract, evolutionary neurocontrol, a method that fuses artificial neural networks and evolutionary algorithms, is proposed as a smart global method for low-thrust trajectory optimization. It does not require an initial guess. The implementation of evolutionary neurocontrol is detailed and its performance is shown for an exemplary mission.