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Summary and Conclusions PCIs were clearly effective in terms of their antibacterial effects with the strains tested. This efficacy increased with the time the bacteries were exposed to PCIs. The bactericidal action has proved to be irreversible. PCIs were significantly less effective in shadowed areas. PCI exposure caused multiple protein damages as observed in SDS PAGE studies. There was no single but multiple molecular mechanism causing the bacterial death.
Recently, SHARP corporation has developed the world’s first “Plasma Cluster Ions (PCI)” air purification technology, which uses plasma discharge to generate cluster ions. The new plasma cluster device releases into the air positive and negative ions, which are harmless to humans and are able to decompose and deactivate airborne substances by chemical reactions. A lot of phenomenological tests of the PCI air purification technology on microbial cells have been conducted. And, in most cases, it has been shown that PCI demonstrate strongly pronounced killing effect. Although, the particular mechanisms of PCI action are still not evident. We studied variations in resistance to PCI among gram-positive airborne microorganisms, as well as some dose-dependent, spatial, cultural and biochemical properties of PCI action in respect of Staphylococcus spp, Enterococcus spp, Micrococcus spp.
Recently, SHARP corporation has developed the world’s first "Plasma Cluster Ions® (PCI)" air purification technology, which uses plasma discharge to generate cluster ions. The new Plasma Cluster Device releases positive and negative ions into the air, which are harmless to humans and are able to decompose and deactivate airborne substances by chemical reactions. In the past, phenomenological tests on the efficacy of the PCI air purification technology on microbial cells have been conducted. In most cases, it has been shown that PCI demonstrated strongly pronounced killing effects on microorganisms. However, the particular mechanisms of PCI action still have to be uncovered.
ITCE-2003 - 4th Joint Symposium on Information Technology in Civil Engineering ed Flood, I., Seite 1-12, ASCE (CD-ROM), Nashville, USA In this paper we discussed graph based tools to support architects during the conceptual design phase. Conceptual Design is defined before constructive design; the used concepts are more abstract. We develop two graph based approaches, a topdown using the graph rewriting system PROGRES and a more industrially oriented approach, where we extend the CAD system ArchiCAD. In both approaches, knowledge can be defined by a knowledge engineer, in the top-down approach in the domain model graph, in the bottom-up approach in the in an XML file. The defined knowledge is used to incrementally check the sketch and to inform the architect about violations of the defined knowledge. Our goal is to discover design error as soon as possible and to support the architect to design buildings with consideration of conceptual knowledge.
WS GTaD-2003 - The 1st Workshop on Graph Transformations and Design ed Grabska, E., Seite 6-7, Jagiellonian University Krakow. 2 pages
Das Technologiepraktikum „Virtuelle Sensor-Fertigung“ ist ein Beispiel für die medientechnische Aufbereitung von Lern- und Lehrmaterial unter didaktischen Gesichtspunkten. Studierende lernen einen Fertigungsprozess mit Hilfe von virtuellen Maschinen kennen, bevor sie die reale Prozesskette im Laborpraktikum im Reinraum durchführen.
Eine neue Generation von Praktika an Hochschulen wächst heran. Moderne Wege beim Verstehen und Erlernen naturwissenschaftlicher Zusammenhänge sowie industrieller Fertigungsprozesse sind gefordert. Das Technologiepraktikum „Virtuelle Sensor- Fertigung“, entwickelt im Verbundprojekt INGMEDIA an den Fachhochschulen Aachen und Zweibrücken, trägt als neuartiges Lern- und Lehrmodul dieser Forderung Rechnung. Die Studierenden lernen einen vollständigen Fertigungsprozess mit Hilfe von virtuellen, in LabVIEW programmierten Maschinen kennen, bevor sie die reale Prozesskette im Reinraum durchführen.
This paper presents the direct route to Design by Analysis (DBA) of the new European pressure vessel standard in the language of limit and shakedown analysis (LISA). This approach leads to an optimization problem. Its solution with Finite Element Analysis is demonstrated for some examples from the DBA-Manual. One observation from the examples is, that the optimisation approach gives reliable and close lower bound solutions leading to simple and optimised design decision.
Ausgangslage, Funktionsprinzip des virtuellen Kraftwerkes, Energiemanagementsysteme (EMS), Einsatzgebiete, Anlagesysteme eines VKW's, Einsatzbereich der verschiedenen dezentralen Energieanlagen, Vorteile des virtuellen Kraftwerkes, Auswirkungen auf das elektrische Netz, Wirtschaftliche Aspekte, Beispielprojekte
Funktionsprinzip Emissionsrechtehandel, Betroffene Anlagen und Branchen, Erstverteilung der Emissionsrechte, Bereits erbrachte Emissionsreduktionen (early actions), Ausstieg von betroffenen Unternehmen (opt-out), Teilnahme von nicht betroffenen Unternehmen, Einsatz von Biobrennstoffen, Erfassung und Dokumentation der Emissionen