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In: Technical feasibility and reliability of passive safety systems for nuclear power plants. Proceedings of an Advisory Group Meeting held in Jülich, 21-24 November 1994. - Vienna , 1996. - Seite: 43 - 55 IAEA-TECDOC-920 Abstract: It is shown that the difficulty for probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) is the general problem of the high reliability of a small population. There is no way around the problem as yet. Therefore what PFM can contribute to the reliability of steel pressure boundaries is demonstrated with the example of a typical reactor pressure vessel and critically discussed. Although no method is distinguishable that could give exact failure probabilities, PFM has several additional chances. Upper limits for failure probability may be obtained together with trends for design and operating conditions. Further, PFM can identify the most sensitive parameters, improved control of which would increase reliability. Thus PFM should play a vital role in the analysis of steel pressure boundaries despite all shortcomings.
Ziel und Inhalt dieser Arbeit ist das Design eines Harlekin-Charakters und die Darstellung seiner Ausdrucksskala. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf dem Studium der Gesichtsmuskeln, ihrer Formensprache und ihrer Relation zu den 6 Grundemotionen Traurigkeit, Ärger, Angst, Freude, Ekel und Überraschung (nach dem Modell von Paul Ekman). Alle 6 Emotionen sind in verschiedenen Intensitätsgraden und Variationen behandelt, wobei die Emotion der Freude aufgrund ihrer engen Bindung zum Harlekin-Charakter vergleichsweise umfassender bearbeitet wurde. Das Endergebnis stellt eine Bildreihe von ca. 50 Ausdrücken und eine Abhandlung über Gesichtsmuskulatur und -ausdruck, dessen Relation zu den Emotionen und den Hintergrund des Harlekincharakters dar. Die Illustrationen wurden unter Verwendung der 3D-Technologie von Maya 7.0 und ZBrush 2.0 ausgeführt.
Functional testing and characterisation of ISFETs on wafer level by means of a micro-droplet cell
(2006)
A wafer-level functionality testing and characterisation system for ISFETs (ionsensitive field-effect transistor) is realised by means of integration of a specifically designed capillary electrochemical micro-droplet cell into a commercial wafer prober-station. The developed system allows the identification and selection of “good” ISFETs at the earliest stage and to avoid expensive bonding, encapsulation and packaging processes for nonfunctioning ISFETs and thus, to decrease costs, which are wasted for bad dies. The developed system is also feasible for wafer-level characterisation of ISFETs in terms of sensitivity, hysteresis and response time. Additionally, the system might be also utilised for wafer-level testing of further electrochemical sensors.
Study of swift heavy ion modified conduction polymer composites for application as gas sensor
(2006)
A polyaniline-based conducting composite was prepared by oxidative polymerisation of aniline in a polyvinylchloride (PVC) matrix. The coherent free standing thin films of the composite were prepared by a solution casting method. The polyvinyl chloride-polyaniline composites exposed to 120 MeV ions of silicon with total ion fluence ranging from 1011 to 1013 ions/cm2, were observed to be more sensitive towards ammonia gas than the unirradiated composite. The response time of the irradiated composites was observed to be comparably shorter. We report for the first time the application of swift heavy ion modified insulating polymer conducting polymer (IPCP) composites for sensing of ammonia gas.