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Improved collapse loads of thick-walled, crack containing pipes and vessels are suggested. Very deep cracks have a residual strength which is better modelled by a global limit load. In all burst tests, the ductility of pressure vessel steels was sufficiently high whereby the burst pressure could be predicted by limit analysis with no need to apply fracture mechanics. The relative prognosis error increases however, for long and deep defects due to uncertainties of geometry and strength data.
Planwirtschaft
(2004)
Applications of Graph Transformations with Industrial Relevance Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2004, Volume 3062/2004, 90-105, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-25959-6_7 In this paper we discuss how tools for conceptual design in civil engineering can be developed using graph transformation specifications. These tools consist of three parts: (a) for elaborating specific conceptual knowledge (knowledge engineer), (b) for working out conceptual design results (architect), and (c) automatic consistency analyses which guarantee that design results are consistent with the underlying specific conceptual knowledge. For the realization of such tools we use a machinery based on graph transformations. In a traditional PROGRES tool specification the conceptual knowledge for a class of buildings is hard-wired within the specification. This is not appropriate for the experimentation platform approach we present in this paper, as objects and relations for conceptual knowledge are due to many changes, implied by evaluation of their use and corresponding improvements. Therefore, we introduce a parametric specification method with the following characteristics: (1) The underlying specific knowledge for a class of buildings is not fixed. Instead, it is built up as a data base by using the knowledge tools. (2) The specification for the architect tools also does not incorporate specific conceptual knowledge. (3) An incremental checker guarantees whether a design result is consistent with the current state of the underlying conceptual knowledge (data base).
Novel balanced inductor for compact differential systems / Sadeghfam, Arash; Heuermann, Holger
(2004)
Murphy's law
(2004)
Multiplex
(2004)
Miniaturisierte Referenzelektroden in Siliziumtechnologie für elektrochemische Sensoranwendungen
(2004)
Mein Gott bist du gut
(2004)
For the application of the concept of Lightning Protection Zones (LPZ), the knowledge of the magnetic fields and induced voltages inside a structure is necessary. Laboratory experiments have been conducted at a downscaled model of a building (scale factor 1:6) to determine these electromagnetic quantities in case of a direct strike to the structure. The model (3 m x 2 m x 2 m) represented a small industrial building using the reinforcement of the concrete as electromagnetic shield. The magnetic fields and magnetic field derivatives were measured at several location inside the scaled model. Further, the voltages induced on three typical cable routes inside the model was determined. The influence of the lightning current waveshape, point-of-strike, bonding of the cable routes, and bridging of an expansion joint in the middle of the building on these quantities was studied.
In the paper the results obtained from experiments at a modelled reinforced building in case of a direct lightning strike are compared with calculations. The comparison includes peak values of the magnetic field Hmax, its derivative (dH/dt)max and of induced voltages umax in typical cable routings. The experiments are performed at a 1:6 scaled building and the results are extrapolated using the similarity relations theory. The calculations are based on the approximate formulae given in IEC 62305-4 and have to be supplemented by a rough estimation of the additional shielding effect of a second reinforcement layer. The comparison shows, that the measured peak values of the magnetic field and its derivative are mostly lower than the calculated. The induced voltages are in good agreement. Hence, calculations of the induced voltages based on IEC 62305-4 are a good method for lightning protection studies of buildings, where the reinforcement is used as a grid-like electromagnetic shield.
Pensando na motivação de uma perspectiva gerencial, é muito importante ter a seguinte visão: ninguem pode conseguir motivar outras pessoas, mas um lider pode influenciá-las a fazer as coisas com mais entusiasmo. Além disso, ele deve conhecer a sua personalidade mesmo. Ele precisa de reconhecimento dos pontos fortes e fracos proprios. Quem – por exemplo – é bem fechado, precisa desenvolver mais forca para motivar as outras pessoas. Quem – por outro exemplo – adora de fazer todas coisas sozinho, vai ter dificuldades com delegação para seus funcionarios. Se ele sabe desse ponto fraco proprio, ele pode evitar esse ponto fraco e delegar de verdade. Para conseguir essa meta, um dialogo de ´feedback´ com os funcionarios e muito importante para descobrir as diferenças entre a auto-percepção e o percepção dos outros, por exemplo sobre o estilo de liderança aplicada.
LACASA - ein Instrument zur energetischen Analyse und Optimierung von Gebäuden mit Anlagentechnik
(2004)
"INGMEDIA: Entwicklung und Evaluation interaktiver, multimedialer Lernsoftware für technische und physikalische Praktika in Ingenieurstudiengängen". So lautet der Titel des vom bmb+f im Förderprogramm "Neue Medien in der Hochschullehre" unterstützten Verbundprojekts. [...] Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird über das Evaluationskonzept von INGMEDIA berichtet. Es handelt sich hierbei um einen im E-Learning-Bereich bisher kaum vertretenen Ansatz hochschuldidaktischer Aktionsforschung. Der Beitrag betont entsprechend des kevih - Tagungskonzepts (Tübingen 11./12.3.03) die besonderen hochschuldidaktischen Zielrichtungen, fokussiert also klar auf der konzeptionellen Ebene. Die Umsetzung und Evaluationsergebnisse zu INGMEDIA werden nach Projektabschluss an anderer Stelle veröffentlicht.
IT Service Level Agreements
(2004)
This study has been performed to design the combination of the new ClearPET TM (ClearPET is a trademark of the Crystal Clear Collaboration), a small animal Positron Emission Tomography (PET) system, with a microComputed Tomography (microCT) scanner. The properties of different microCT systems have been determined by simulations based on GEANT4. We demonstrate the influence of the detector material and the X-ray spectrum on the obtained contrast. Four different detector materials (selenium, cadmium zinc telluride, cesium iodide and gadolinium oxysulfide) and two X-ray spectra (a molybdenum and a tungsten source) have been considered. The spectra have also been modified by aluminum filters of varying thickness. The contrast between different tissue types (water, air, brain, bone and fat) has been simulated by using a suitable phantom. The results indicate the possibility to improve the image contrast in microCT by an optimized combination of the X-ray source and detector material.
In: Net-distributed Co-operation : Xth International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering, Weimar, June 02 - 04, 2004 ; proceedings / [ed. by Karl Beuke ...] . - Weimar: Bauhaus-Univ. Weimar 2004. - 1. Aufl. . Seite 1-14 ISBN 3-86068-213-X International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering <10, 2004, Weimar> Summary In our project, we develop new tools for the conceptual design phase. During conceptual design, the coarse functionality and organization of a building is more important than a detailed worked out construction. We identify two roles, first the knowledge engineer who is responsible for knowledge definition and maintenance; second the architect who elaborates the conceptual de-sign. The tool for the knowledge engineer is based on graph technology, it is specified using PROGRES and the UPGRADE framework. The tools for the architect are integrated to the in-dustrial CAD tool ArchiCAD. Consistency between knowledge and conceptual design is en-sured by the constraint checker, another extension to ArchiCAD.
Integrierte Oberflächendigitalisierung für die flexible Automatisierung bei kleinen Losgrößen
(2004)
1) In Karosseriestrukturen steht der richtige Werkstoffeinsatz stärker den je im Spannungsfeld von Leichtbau, Kosten (Stückzahlen) und Leistungsanforderung 2) In „klassischen“ Strukturen von Modulträgern und Klappen hat sich die Materialmischbauweise verstärkt in den letzten Jahren durchgesetzt 3) Unter Aspekten des konzeptionellen Leichtbaus erscheint der verstärkte Einsatz von Leichtbauwerkstoffen im Vorderwagen sowie in der Dachstruktur zielführend 4) Offene Strukturprofile in Materialmischbauweise liefern für eine Vielzahl von Anwendungen ein interessantes und bis dato kaum genutztes Potential 5) Neue Entwicklungen bei den Fügetechnologien (i.b. kontinuierliche Fügeverbindungen und kombinierte Verfahren) unterstützen den wirtschaftlichen Karosserieleichtbau 6) Werkstoffinnovationen sowie neuartige Fertigungsverfahren machen den Konstruktionswerkstoff „Stahl“ auch in der Zukunft im Karosseriebau weiterhin sehr attraktiv
Laborpraktika bieten Studierenden besondere Lernmöglichkeiten. Sie erleben im Praktikum mit Kopf (kognitiv), Herz (affektiv) und Hand (motorisch) Zusammenhänge und Zusammenarbeit. Durch die multimediale Vorbereitung und Unterstützung der Laborpraktika mit INGMEDIA können diese Lernvorteile intensiver genutzt werden. Vielfältige und differenzierte Kontextangebote bieten individuelle Lerneinstiegsmöglichkeiten und aktivieren zu Selbstgesteuertem Lernen. Durch die Verbesserung von Vorwissen und Motivation eröffnen scih Lehrenden und Lernenden neue Freiräume bei der Gestaltung der Präsenzveranstaltung. Durch hochschuldidaktische Aktionsforschung beim Einsatz im Lehrbetrieb wird die weitere Entwicklung von Software und Präsenzveranstaltung prozesshaft begleitet.
Info-Web-Generation
(2004)
MultiChannel Photomultipliers (PM), like the R7600-00-M64 or R5900-00-M64 from Hamamatsu, are often chosen as photodetectors in high-resolution positron emission tomography (PET). A major problem of this PM is the nonuniform channel gain. In order to solve this problem, light attenuating masks were created. The aim of the masks is a homogenization of the output of all 64 channels using different hole sizes at the channel positions. The hole area, which is individually defined for the different channels, is inversely proportional to the channel gain. The measurements by inserting light attenuating masks improved a homogenization to a ratio of 1:1.2.