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Fast, Automated Testing of Different Air Filter Media / Mölter, W. ; Helsper, C. ; Kaminski, S.
(1992)
Fast and Automated Testing of Different Air Filter Media / Mölter, W. ; Helsper, C. ; Kaminski, S.
(1989)
Fast and Automated Testing of Different Air Filter Media / Mölter, W. ; Helsper, C. ; Kaminski, S.
(1989)
Erzeugung von Prüfaerosolen für die Kalibrierung von optischen Partikelmeßverfahren nach VDI 3491
(1989)
Calibration of the Polytec HC-15 and HC-70 Optical Particle Counters / Fißan, H. J. ; Helsper, C.
(1983)
Evaluation of Particle Size Distributions by Means of Particle Counters / Fißan, H. J. ; Helsper, C.
(1979)
It has been observed that carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are present in the atmosphere. Combustion processes are considered the most important sources for PAH. Among these, the burning of coal produces the highest emission, but in cities with high traffic density and low meteorological exchange activities, vehicle emissions determine the immission situation, especially in narrow streets. For estimating the potential health effects caused by PAH, it is sufficient to characterize the emission of PAH with respect to their physical state, concentrations, and, as far as the particulate phase is concerned, size distribution. The size distribution is important for transport phenomena, inhalation, and deposition in the respiratory tract. These parameters mainly depend on the combustion system, on system operating conditions, on the exhaust system, and on exhaust cooling conditions. At exhaust-gas temperatures in the range of ambient air temperatures, almost the whole emission of PAH is made up of particulate matter.
Comparison of solar hot water systems in solar settlements - decentralized or centralized systems?
(2004)
Prinzip und Anwendung der akustischen Gastemperaturmeßtechnik / Deuster, M. ; Brüssermann, Klaus
(1994)
Kraft-Wärme-Kälte-Kopplung mit Mikrogasturbinen : Abschlussbericht ; [01.09.2000 - 31.01.2002]
(2002)
Blitzschutz
(1993)
The longitudinal voltage of cable tubes with a screening mesh caused by partial lightning currents
(1989)
Simulation and measurement of melting effects on metal sheets caused by direct lightning strikes
(1991)
Shielding effectiveness of reinforced concrete cable ducts carrying partial lightning currents
(1998)
Comparison of single point and equipotential bonding for I&C systems of large-area industrial sites
(1994)
Längsspannung an blitzstromdurchflossenen Schirmkabeln - Einfluß paralleler Entlastungsleitungen
(1993)
Lightning protection design of a renewable energy hybrid-system without power mains connection
(2001)
Theoretische und experimentelle Untersuchung der Erwärmung von Metallblechen bei Blitzeinschlag
(1990)
8. VDE/ABB-Blitzschutztagung, 29. - 30. Oktober 2009 in Neu-Ulm. Blitzschutztagung <8, 2009, Neu-Ulm> Berlin : VDE Verl. 2009 Großkraftwerke können durch Blitzentladungen mit potentiellen Auswirkungen auf deren Verfügbarkeit und Sicherheit gefährdet werden. Ein sehr spezielles Szenario, welches aus aktuellem Anlass zu untersuchen war, betrifft den kraftwerksnahen Blitzeinschlag in die Hochspannungs-Freileitung am Netzanschluss der Anlage. Wird nun noch ein sogenannter Schirmfehler unterstellt, d.h. der direkte Blitzeinschlag erfolgt in ein Leiterseil des Hoch- bzw. Höchstspannungsnetzes und nicht in das darüber gespannte Erdseil, so bedeutet dies eine extreme elektromagnetische Einwirkung. Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich mit der Simulation eines solchen Blitzeinschlages und dessen Auswirkungen auf den Netzanschluss und die Komponenten der elektrischen Eigenbedarfsanlagen eines Kraftwerks auf den unterlagerten Spannungsebenen. Die dabei gewonnenen Erkenntnisse lassen sich ohne Einschränkungen auf Industrieanlagen mit Mittelspannungs-Netzanschluss und ohne eigener Stromversorgung übertragen.
[Paper of the X International Symposium on Lightning Protection 9th - 13th November, 2009 - Curitiba, Brazil. 6 pages] The international standard IEC 62305-3, published in 2006, requires as an integral part of the lightning protection system (LPS) the consideration of a separation distance between the conductors of the LPS and metal and electrical installations inside the structure to be protected. IEC 62305-3 gives two different methods for this calculation: a standard, simplified approach and a more detailed approach, which differ especially regarding the treatment of the current sharing effect on the LPS conductors. Hence, different results for the separation distance are possible, leading to some discrepancies in the use of the standard. The standard approach defined in the main part (Clause 6.3) and in Annex C of the standard in some cases may lead to a severe oversizing of the required separation distance. The detailed approach described in Annex E naturally gives more correct results. However, a calculation of the current sharing amongst all parts of the air-termination and downconductor network is necessary, in many cases requiring the use of network analysis programs. In this paper simplified methods for the assessment of the current sharing are presented, which are easy to use as well as sufficiently adequate.