Article
Refine
Year of publication
- 2024 (42)
- 2023 (44)
- 2022 (71)
- 2021 (69)
- 2020 (99)
- 2019 (96)
- 2018 (85)
- 2017 (72)
- 2016 (79)
- 2015 (83)
- 2014 (93)
- 2013 (96)
- 2012 (82)
- 2011 (127)
- 2010 (95)
- 2009 (121)
- 2008 (103)
- 2007 (92)
- 2006 (84)
- 2005 (97)
- 2004 (128)
- 2003 (71)
- 2002 (92)
- 2001 (86)
- 2000 (82)
- 1999 (88)
- 1998 (82)
- 1997 (77)
- 1996 (70)
- 1995 (68)
- 1994 (77)
- 1993 (51)
- 1992 (48)
- 1991 (25)
- 1990 (35)
- 1989 (38)
- 1988 (53)
- 1987 (32)
- 1986 (18)
- 1985 (32)
- 1984 (18)
- 1983 (17)
- 1982 (26)
- 1981 (18)
- 1980 (35)
- 1979 (23)
- 1978 (30)
- 1977 (14)
- 1976 (13)
- 1975 (10)
- 1974 (3)
- 1972 (2)
- 1971 (1)
- 1968 (1)
Institute
- Fachbereich Medizintechnik und Technomathematik (1309)
- INB - Institut für Nano- und Biotechnologien (485)
- Fachbereich Chemie und Biotechnologie (462)
- Fachbereich Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik (408)
- IfB - Institut für Bioengineering (384)
- Fachbereich Energietechnik (352)
- Fachbereich Luft- und Raumfahrttechnik (240)
- Fachbereich Maschinenbau und Mechatronik (151)
- Fachbereich Wirtschaftswissenschaften (114)
- Fachbereich Bauingenieurwesen (66)
Has Fulltext
- no (3194) (remove)
Language
- English (3194) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (3194) (remove)
Keywords
- avalanche (5)
- Earthquake (4)
- LAPS (4)
- field-effect sensor (4)
- frequency mixing magnetic detection (4)
- Additive Manufacturing (3)
- CellDrum (3)
- Heparin (3)
- SLM (3)
- additive manufacturing (3)
- capacitive field-effect sensor (3)
- hydrogen peroxide (3)
- impedance spectroscopy (3)
- magnetic nanoparticles (3)
- snow (3)
- sustainability (3)
- tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) (3)
- Additive manufacturing (2)
- Bacillus atrophaeus (2)
- Biosolubilization (2)
- Boundary integral equations (2)
- Chemometrics (2)
- Coal (2)
- Conductive boundary condition (2)
- Drinfeld modules (2)
- Empirical process (2)
- Field-effect sensor (2)
- Germany (2)
- Goodness-of-fit test (2)
- Hot S-parameter (2)
- IR spectroscopy (2)
- Independence test (2)
- LPBF (2)
- Light-addressable potentiometric sensor (2)
- MINLP (2)
- NMR spectroscopy (2)
- Paired sample (2)
- Parametric bootstrap (2)
- Principal component analysis (2)
- Pump System (2)
- Raman spectroscopy (2)
- Standardization (2)
- Stiffness (2)
- Transcendence (2)
- Transmission eigenvalues (2)
- bacterial cellulose (2)
- biosensors (2)
- constructive alignment (2)
- damage (2)
- energy efficiency (2)
- examination (2)
- fused filament fabrication (2)
- gold nanoparticles (2)
- harmonic radar (2)
- immobilization (2)
- light-addressable potentiometric sensor (2)
- likelihood ratio test (2)
- locomotion (2)
- long-term retention (2)
- microfluidics (2)
- multimodal (2)
- muscle fascicle behavior (2)
- not identically distributed (2)
- practical learning (2)
- prebiotic (2)
- rapid tooling (2)
- rebound-effect (2)
- remote sensing (2)
- renewable resources (2)
- t-modules (2)
- ultrasound (2)
- ultrasound imaging (2)
- (Bio)degradation (1)
- 197m/gHg (1)
- 1P hub loads (1)
- 3-D printing (1)
- 316L (1)
- 3D nonlinear finite element model (1)
- 802.15.4 (1)
- A. succinogenes (1)
- ABE (1)
- AI ethics (1)
- AM implementation (1)
- Acceleration (1)
- Accessibility (1)
- Achilles tendon (1)
- Acid crash (1)
- Active humidity control (1)
- Actors (1)
- Adaptive control (1)
- Aeroelasticity (1)
- Afterload (1)
- Ageing (1)
- Alginate beads (1)
- AlterG (1)
- Alzheimer's disease (1)
- Anastomotic leakage (1)
- Anatomy (1)
- Annulus Fibrosus (1)
- Antarctic Glaciology (1)
- Antibias (1)
- Architectural gear ratio (1)
- Artificial intelligence (1)
- Assembly (1)
- Assistive technology (1)
- Asymptotic efficiency (1)
- Authenticity (1)
- Autolysis (1)
- Automated driving (1)
- Automatic control (1)
- Automotive application (1)
- Avalanche (1)
- Bacillus atrophaeus spores (1)
- Bacillus sp (1)
- Balance (1)
- Balanced hypergraph (1)
- Bank-issued Warrants (1)
- Bayesian statistics (1)
- Behaviour factor q (1)
- Benchmark (1)
- Biobeneficiation (1)
- Biocomposites (1)
- Biomass (1)
- Biomechanical simulation (1)
- Bloom’s Taxonomy (1)
- Bluetooth (1)
- Booster Station (1)
- Booster Stations (1)
- Bootstrap (1)
- Bootstrapping (1)
- Borehole heat exchanger (1)
- Boundary integral equations, (1)
- Bragg peak (1)
- Brake set-up (1)
- Braking curves (1)
- Brands (1)
- Brownian Pillow (1)
- Buffering Capacity (1)
- Butanol (1)
- C. acetobutylicum (1)
- CAV (1)
- CNOT (1)
- CO2 (1)
- CO2 emission reduction targets (1)
- CRISPR/Cas9 (1)
- Calorimetric gas sensor (1)
- Capacitive field-effect (1)
- Capacitive model (1)
- Cardiac myocytes (1)
- Cardiac tissue (1)
- Cardiovascular MRI (1)
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (1)
- Categorial variable (1)
- Cell permeability (1)
- Cellular force (1)
- Cementoblast (1)
- Censored data (1)
- Chance Constraint (1)
- Change (1)
- Chemical images (1)
- Chemical imaging sensor (1)
- Chemical sensor (1)
- Circuit simulation (1)
- Circular Dichroism (1)
- Civil engineering (1)
- Clinical decision support systems (1)
- Co-managed care (1)
- Collective risk model (1)
- Commercial Vehicle (1)
- Common Rail Injection System (1)
- Competence Developing Games (1)
- Competitiveness (1)
- Complex System (1)
- Complex-valued eigenvalues (1)
- Compliance (1)
- Compression (1)
- Computational biomechanics (1)
- Concomitant (1)
- Conditions (1)
- Conductive Boundary Condition (1)
- Consensus (1)
- Conservation laws (1)
- Constitutive model (1)
- Contractile tension (1)
- Contractility (1)
- Cost function (1)
- Coverage probability (1)
- Cramér-von-Mises statistic (1)
- Cramér-von-Mises test (1)
- Cross border adjustment mechanism (1)
- Crude heparin (1)
- Crámer–von-Mises distance (1)
- Cyclotron production (1)
- C–V method (1)
- DAC (1)
- DLR-ESTEC GOSSAMER roadmap for solar sailing (1)
- DNA biosensor (1)
- DNA hybridization (1)
- DPA (dipicolinic acid) (1)
- Damage mechanics theory (1)
- Data-driven models (1)
- Decomposition (1)
- Decoupling (1)
- Dehydrogenase (1)
- Design process (1)
- Detergent protease (1)
- Deuterated solvents (1)
- Deuterium NMR (1)
- Diaphorase (1)
- Diesel Engine (1)
- Dimensional splitting (1)
- Disc Degeneration (1)
- Discontinuous fractures (1)
- Discourse ethics (1)
- Discrete Optimization (1)
- Disposition Effect (1)
- Distributed Control Systems, (1)
- Diversity Management (1)
- Driver assistance system (1)
- Driving cycle recognition (1)
- Drug simulation (1)
- Drugs (1)
- Dry-low-NOx (DLN) combustion (1)
- Duality (1)
- Dynamic simulation (1)
- E-Mobility (1)
- ECMS (1)
- EGG (1)
- EIS capacitive sensor (1)
- ES-FEM (1)
- Easy read (1)
- Effective modal mass (1)
- Eigenvalue trajectories (1)
- Elderly (1)
- Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (1)
- Electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor (1)
- Electromagnetism (1)
- Electromechanical modeling (1)
- Elemental (1)
- Emilia-Romagna earthquake (1)
- Empirical consequence curves (1)
- Empirical fragility functions (1)
- End-to-end colorectal anastomosis (1)
- Endothelial cells (1)
- Endothelial dysfunction (1)
- Energy management strategies (1)
- Energy-efficient ventilation (1)
- Energy-intensive industry (1)
- Engineering Application (1)
- Engineering Habitus (1)
- Entropy solution (1)
- Enzymatic biosensor (1)
- Enzyme coverage (1)
- Enzyme logic gate (1)
- Equivalence test (1)
- Esophageal Doppler monitor (1)
- European Transient Cycle (1)
- Eutectic Silver Copper alloy (1)
- Experimental validation (1)
- Explainability (1)
- Exponential Euler scheme, (1)
- Exponential time differencing (1)
- External knee adduction moments (1)
- Extracellular enzymes (1)
- Extraterrestrial Glaciology (1)
- FS-FEM (1)
- Factory Planning (1)
- Fall prevention (1)
- Fault detection (1)
- Feature selection (1)
- Field effect (1)
- Field-effect biosensor (1)
- Finite difference methods (1)
- Finite differences (1)
- Finite element analysis (1)
- Finite element modelling (1)
- Finland (1)
- Floor prices (1)
- Flutter (1)
- Force (1)
- Forces (1)
- Fracture classification (1)
- Fracture configuration (1)
- Fracture simulation (1)
- Frame structure (1)
- Freeze–thaw process (1)
- Freight rail (1)
- Frequency adaption (1)
- Frequency mixing magnetic detection (1)
- Fuel cell (1)
- Functional Delta Method (1)
- Furnace (1)
- Fused Filament Fabrication (1)
- Fusion (1)
- GIS (1)
- GOSSAMER-1 (1)
- Ga-68 (1)
- Game-based learning (1)
- Gamification (1)
- Gamma distribution (1)
- Genetic algorithm (1)
- Glaciological instruments and methods (1)
- Glaucoma (1)
- Gold nanoparticle (AuNP) (1)
- Goodness-of-fit tests for uniformity (1)
- Ground-level falls (1)
- H2 (1)
- Hadamard differentiability (1)
- Haemodialysis (1)
- Hall’s Theorem (1)
- Handbike (1)
- Hazard assessment (1)
- Health management system (1)
- Heart tissue culture (1)
- Heat transport (1)
- Helmholtz equation (1)
- Heterostructure (1)
- High field MRI (1)
- High hydrogen combustion (1)
- Higher derivations (1)
- Higher-order codes (1)
- Hodgkin–Huxley models (1)
- Hoeffding-Blum-Kiefer-Rosenblatt independence test (1)
- Homogenization (1)
- Hotelling’s T² test (1)
- Human Development Index (1)
- Human factors (1)
- Human-Computer interaction (1)
- Hybrid Manufacturing (1)
- Hydrogen combustion (1)
- Hydrogen gas turbine (1)
- Hydrogen peroxide (1)
- Hydrogenotrophic methanogens (1)
- Hyperdifferentials (1)
- Hypergraph (1)
- Hypersecretion (1)
- INSYSME (1)
- IP-based networks (1)
- IR (1)
- IT security education (1)
- Illustration (1)
- Image Quality Assessment (1)
- Image Quality Score (1)
- Image Reconstruction (1)
- Imaging (1)
- Impedance analysis (1)
- Impedance spectroscopy (1)
- Implicit methods (1)
- In-plane performance, isolation (1)
- Incomplete data (1)
- Individual Investors (1)
- Indoor air quality (1)
- Indoor environmental quality (1)
- Induced pluripotent stem cells (1)
- Industrial Automation Technology, (1)
- Industry 4.0 (1)
- Infill wall design (1)
- Inorganic ions (1)
- Inotropic compounds (1)
- Instructional design (1)
- Instrumental analysis (1)
- Integrated empirical distribution (survival) function (1)
- Interior Neumann eigenvalues (1)
- Interior transmission eigenvalues (1)
- Interior transmission problem (1)
- Interstellar objects (1)
- Interval Time Series (1)
- Intervertebral Disc (1)
- Intradiscal Pressure (1)
- Inverse Scattering (1)
- Inverse dynamic problem (1)
- Inverse kinematic problem (1)
- Inverse scattering (1)
- Inverse spectral problem (1)
- Ion channels (1)
- Ions (1)
- Iterative learning control (1)
- Justice (1)
- Keyword analysis (1)
- Kinetic energy (1)
- Koenig’s Theorem (1)
- LPS (1)
- Lab-on-Chip (1)
- Label-free detection (1)
- Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (1)
- Landslide tsunamis (1)
- Langevin theory (1)
- Large language models (1)
- Large scale tests (1)
- Larynx position (1)
- Latvia (1)
- Layer-by-layer adsorption (1)
- LbL films (1)
- Left ventriular function (1)
- Level system (1)
- Li7La3Zr2O12 (1)
- LiDAR (1)
- LiGaO2 (1)
- Lidar (1)
- Light-addressable Potentiometric Sensor (1)
- Linear discriminant analysis (1)
- Linear elastic analysis (1)
- Lipopolysaccharide (1)
- Liquid chromatography (1)
- Liver (1)
- Long COVID (1)
- Low-field NMR (1)
- Luxury (1)
- MILP (1)
- MOS (1)
- MR safety (1)
- MR-stethoscope (1)
- MRI (1)
- MUT measurement; scanner (1)
- Machine learning (1)
- Magnetic field strength (1)
- Magnetic nanoparticles (1)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (1)
- Magneto alert sensor (1)
- Manifestations (1)
- Manipulated variables (1)
- Manufacturer (1)
- Manufacturing Process Chains (1)
- Marginal homogeneity test (1)
- Marker-free mutagenesis (1)
- Masonry infill (1)
- Masonry partition walls (1)
- Matching (1)
- Matrix exponential (1)
- Measurement models (1)
- Measurement uncertainty (1)
- Mechanotransduction (1)
- Medical AI (1)
- Medical radionuclide production (1)
- Meitner-Auger-electron (MAE) (1)
- Metabolic shift (1)
- Metal contaminants (1)
- Metascintillator (1)
- Methane (1)
- Methanogenesis (1)
- Microcirculation (1)
- Microfluidic solvent extraction (1)
- Micromagnetic simulation (1)
- Micromix combustion (1)
- Microorganisms (1)
- Mild cognitive impairment (1)
- Missions (1)
- Mobility (1)
- Mobility tests (1)
- Mobility transition (1)
- Mode converter (1)
- Modelica (1)
- Modeling (1)
- Modelling (1)
- Modern constructions (1)
- Molecular modelling (1)
- Molecular weight determination (1)
- Molten salt receiver system (1)
- Molten salt solar tower (1)
- Monotone methods (1)
- Monte Carlo Tree Search (1)
- Morphing (1)
- Multi-criteria decision analysis (1)
- Multi-dimensional partial differential equations (1)
- Multi-objective optimization (1)
- Multi-sample problem (1)
- Multi-storey (1)
- Multianalyte detection (1)
- Multiple TOF kernels (1)
- Muscle (1)
- Muscle Fascicle (1)
- Muscle Force (1)
- Musculoskeletal model (1)
- Musculoskeletal system (1)
- Myocardial infarction and cardiac death (1)
- NGN (1)
- NMR (1)
- NMR exchange relaxometry (1)
- NONOate (1)
- Natural fibres (1)
- Natural frequency (1)
- Natural language processing (1)
- Negative Feedback Trading (1)
- Negative impedance convertor (1)
- Neural Network (1)
- Nitric Oxide (1)
- Nitric Oxide Donor (1)
- Non-model-based Evaluation (1)
- Non-parallel fissures (1)
- Nonequilibrium dynamics (1)
- Nonlinear Dynamics (1)
- Nonlinear PDEs (1)
- Nonlinear eigenvalue problems (1)
- Normative standards (1)
- Nucleus Pulposus (1)
- Numerical inversion of Laplace transforms (1)
- Numerical linear algebra (1)
- Numerical modelling (1)
- Numerics (1)
- O2 plasma (1)
- Ocular blood flow (1)
- Online diagnostic (1)
- Operational Control (1)
- Operations (1)
- Organic light-emitting diode display (1)
- Organizational Culture (1)
- Out-of-plane capacity (1)
- Overland flow (1)
- P2G (1)
- PBEE (1)
- PEM fuel cell (1)
- PIV (1)
- PLS-regression (1)
- PM2.5 (1)
- PROFINET (1)
- Parabolic SPDEs (1)
- Paralympic sport (1)
- Path planning (1)
- Penicillin (1)
- Periods (1)
- Pharmacology (1)
- Physiology (1)
- Piping (1)
- Planning process (1)
- Plasma (1)
- Plasma diagnostics (1)
- Poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (1)
- Poly(d,l-lacticacid) (1)
- Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) (1)
- Polyimide (1)
- Polymer-matrix composites (1)
- Porositat (1)
- Post-COVID-19 syndrome (1)
- Potential theory (1)
- Powertrain (1)
- Pre-culture (1)
- Precast buildings (1)
- Prediction of molecular features (1)
- Predictive battery discharge (1)
- Preference assessment (1)
- Probability distribution mapping (1)
- Process Parameters (1)
- Process virtualization (1)
- Product bundling (1)
- Product-integration (1)
- Propeller whirl flutter (1)
- Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (1)
- Protein structure complexity (1)
- Proximal humerus fracture (1)
- Pulsations (1)
- Pumping systems (1)
- Q-criterion (1)
- Qualitative and quantitative determination (1)
- Quality control (1)
- Quantitative structure activity relationship (1)
- Quantum chemistry (1)
- RAMMS (1)
- RANSAC (1)
- RVA (1)
- Radar (1)
- Rapid Tooling (1)
- Reaction-diffusion systems (1)
- Real distinct pole (1)
- Real-time monitoring (1)
- Recombinant activated protein C (1)
- Regionalization (1)
- Rehabilitation Technology and Prosthetics (1)
- Rehabilitation engineering (1)
- Reinforced concrete frame (1)
- Relative air humidity (1)
- Requirements prioritization (1)
- Requirements relations (1)
- Resampling test (1)
- Residual Stresses (1)
- Resolvent Operator (1)
- Resonance-mode measurement (1)
- Response Surface Method (1)
- Retinal vessel analysis (1)
- Retinal vessels (1)
- Robotic rehabilitation (1)
- Rotary encoder (1)
- Rotator cuff (1)
- Running (1)
- S-FEM (1)
- SFCW (1)
- SOA (1)
- SSE) JEL : O33 (1)
- ScaLAPACK (1)
- Scalar parameters (1)
- Seismic design (1)
- Seismic loading (1)
- Selective Catalytic Reduction (1)
- Selective Laser Melting (SLM) (1)
- Self-driving (1)
- Semi-parametric random censorship model (1)
- Septic cardiomyopathy (1)
- Services (1)
- Shape and surface properties (1)
- Shoulder (1)
- Shunting (1)
- Simulation (1)
- Simultaneous determination (1)
- Slab deflection (1)
- Small spacecraft (1)
- Snow (1)
- Sn₃O₄ (1)
- Soft independent modeling of class analogy (1)
- Solar sail (1)
- Solitary waves (1)
- Sound Pressure Level (1)
- Source term (1)
- Spectroscopy (1)
- Spleen (1)
- Steel industry (1)
- Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (1)
- Sterilisation process (1)
- Stochastic Programming (1)
- Stress concentrations (1)
- Structural design (1)
- Structure and Stages (1)
- Subclacial exploration (1)
- Subglacial lakes (1)
- Surfactants (1)
- Surgical Navigation and Robotics (1)
- Surgical staplers (1)
- Survival analysis (1)
- Suspension bridge (1)
- TMV adsorption (1)
- TOF PET (1)
- Tank (1)
- Targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) (1)
- Ta₂O₅ gate (1)
- Technical Operations Research (1)
- Technical Operations Research (TOR) (1)
- Technology Planning (1)
- Telecommunication (1)
- Tendon Rupture (1)
- Tendon properties (1)
- Tensile Strength (1)
- Tension (1)
- Thermal conductivity (1)
- Thin shell finite elements (1)
- Tinetti test (1)
- Tomography (1)
- Tool Making (1)
- Tool support (1)
- Tools (1)
- Trading Behavior (1)
- Trajectories (1)
- Transfer impedance (1)
- Transformation (1)
- Transient flux distribution (1)
- Transmission Eigenvalues (1)
- Two-phase modelling (1)
- Typographie (1)
- USP (1)
- Uktrahigh field MRI (1)
- Uncertainty (1)
- Uniaxial compression test (1)
- Unreinforced masonry buildings (1)
- Unsteady aerodynamics (1)
- Uracil-phosphoribosyltransferase (1)
- User study (1)
- VOF (1)
- VOP compression (1)
- Vapnik–Čhervonenkis class (1)
- Variable height stapler design (1)
- Vascular response (1)
- Vasomotions (1)
- Velocity (1)
- Vertex cover (1)
- Virtual reality (1)
- Visual field asymmetry (1)
- Voice assessment (1)
- Volterra integral equation (1)
- Volume of confidence regions (1)
- Volume status (1)
- Water Distribution (1)
- Water Supply Networks (1)
- Welding (1)
- Wiegand sensor (1)
- Wireless Networks (1)
- XOR (1)
- achilles tendon (1)
- actin cytoskeleton (1)
- actuator-sensor system (1)
- adaptive systems (1)
- adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) (1)
- adsorption (1)
- agility (1)
- allocation (1)
- aminooctanethiol (1)
- anaesthetic complications (1)
- analytical approach (1)
- anammox (1)
- anisotropy (1)
- annealing (1)
- aortic perfusion (1)
- aquaculture (1)
- architectural design (1)
- architectural layered representation (1)
- artificial intelligence (1)
- artificial olfactory image (1)
- aseptic parameters (1)
- aspergillus (1)
- assistance system (1)
- asymptotic relative efficiency (1)
- automated parking (1)
- automated vehicles (1)
- automotive (1)
- availability (1)
- barium strontium titanate (1)
- batch reproducibility (1)
- batteries and fuel cells (1)
- bi-enzyme biosensor (1)
- biaxial tensile experiment (1)
- bio-based economy (1)
- bioavailability (1)
- biodegradable polymers (1)
- biofilms (1)
- biological dosimeter (1)
- biomechanics (1)
- biomethane (1)
- biopharmaceutical production process (1)
- biopotential electrodes (1)
- biosensor (1)
- body imaging at 7 T MRI (1)
- body imaging at UHF MRI (1)
- body limbs (1)
- bootstrap (1)
- borefields (1)
- borehole disposal (1)
- brachytherapy (1)
- bubble column (1)
- building energy modelling (1)
- building energy simulation (1)
- business culture (1)
- calorimetric gas sensor (1)
- calorimetric gas sensor;hydrogen peroxide;wireless sensor system (1)
- capacitive EIS sensor (1)
- capacitive model (1)
- carbon dioxide removal (1)
- carbonized rice husk (1)
- cardiac gating (1)
- cardiomyocyte biomechanics (1)
- cardiovascular MR imaging (1)
- catalytic metal (1)
- cell aerosolization (1)
- cell atomization (1)
- central symmetry test (1)
- cerebral small vessel disease (1)
- chance constrained programming (1)
- change (1)
- change management (1)
- chemical sensor (1)
- chip-based sensor setup (1)
- churches (1)
- climate change (1)
- climate neutrality (1)
- cobald chrome (1)
- coculture (1)
- cognitive impairment (1)
- coherent structures (1)
- colorization (1)
- community dwelling (1)
- complete block symmetry (1)
- compression behavior (1)
- computational fluid dynamics analysis (1)
- concentrated solar power (1)
- concentrating collector (1)
- conditional excess distribution (1)
- conditional expectation principle (1)
- confidence interval (1)
- connected automated vehicles (1)
- connective tissue (1)
- constitutive modeling (1)
- contactless conductivity sensor (1)
- control gate (1)
- corporate sustainability (1)
- correlation (1)
- coupled Néel–Brownian relaxation dynamics (1)
- covariance principle (1)
- critical (1)
- crop yield (1)
- crystallization (1)
- cyber-physical production systems (1)
- dam-break (1)
- debris flow (1)
- deficit irrigation (1)
- dental bridges (1)
- dental trauma (1)
- deserts (1)
- design factor (1)
- design of technical systems (1)
- detection of charged macromolecules (1)
- dialysis (1)
- difficult airway (1)
- digital factory (1)
- digital twin (1)
- direct air capture (1)
- disposal facility (1)
- distorted element (1)
- diversity management (1)
- double-lumen tube intubation (1)
- downstream processing design (1)
- drag force (1)
- drop jump (1)
- drug metabolising enzymes (1)
- drug–drug interactions (1)
- earthquake engineering (1)
- economics (1)
- efficiency side-effects (1)
- eigensolvers (1)
- elastic scattering (1)
- elastomers (1)
- electrical conductivity of liquids (1)
- electro-bioreactor (1)
- electrocardiogram (1)
- electrofermentation (1)
- electrolyte-insulator semiconductor sensor (EIS) (1)
- electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor capacitors (1)
- electromyography (1)
- electronic nose (1)
- electrospinning (1)
- endoluminal (1)
- endospores (1)
- energy (1)
- energy absorption (1)
- energy dissipation (1)
- energy transfer (1)
- engineering (1)
- ensiling (1)
- entrepreneurship education (1)
- environmental correlation (1)
- enzymatic (bio)degradation (1)
- enzyme cascade (1)
- enzyme kinetics (1)
- enzyme-logic gate (1)
- equivalent circuit (1)
- equivalent stiffness (1)
- event-based simulation (1)
- exchangeability test (1)
- exopolysaccharides (1)
- experiment quality (1)
- experimental evaluation (1)
- extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (1)
- eye movement modelling examples (1)
- factory planning (1)
- fatty acid (1)
- fermentation (1)
- fibers (1)
- field-effect structure (1)
- filamentous fungi (1)
- fluorescent protein carrier (1)
- force generation (1)
- forecast (1)
- forehead EEG (1)
- frequency mixing (1)
- fuel cell vehicle (1)
- functional data (1)
- ga-doping (1)
- gait (1)
- gamification (1)
- garnet solid electrolyte (1)
- gas sensor (1)
- gaseous hydrogen peroxide (1)
- genetic algorithm (1)
- genome engineering (1)
- geological disposal (1)
- geothermal (1)
- global optimization (1)
- glucose oxidase (GOx) (1)
- glycine (1)
- goodness-of-fit test (1)
- granular silo (1)
- greenhouse cultivation (1)
- grey energy (1)
- harmonic radar tags (1)
- healthy aging (1)
- heat demand (1)
- heat transfer coefficient (1)
- heating system (1)
- heavy metals (1)
- hiPS cardiomyocytes (1)
- high field MR imaging (1)
- high-intensity exercise (1)
- high-k material (1)
- horseradish peroxidase (HRP) (1)
- huge dimensional data (1)
- human metabolites (1)
- humic acid (1)
- hybrid model validation (1)
- hybrid solar power plants (1)
- hydraulic modelling (1)
- hydrogel (1)
- hydrogels (1)
- hydroxylation (1)
- hyper-gravity (1)
- hyperelastic (1)
- hypo-gravity (1)
- hypoplasticity (1)
- ignition (1)
- impulsive effects (1)
- in-ear EEG (1)
- in-situ monitoring (1)
- incontinence (1)
- independence test (1)
- industrial agents (1)
- industry 4.0 (1)
- infill strategy (1)
- innovation management (1)
- integrated transmit coil arrays (1)
- intelligent control (1)
- intelligent energy management (1)
- interviews (1)
- intraclass correlation coefficient (1)
- irradiation (1)
- jevons paradox (1)
- key performance indicators (1)
- lable-free detection (1)
- lactic acid (1)
- lactobacillus (1)
- legal obligations (1)
- light-addressable electrode (1)
- light-addressing technologies (1)
- lignite (1)
- limit analysis (1)
- line detection (1)
- lipopolysaccharide (1)
- liquid-storage tank (1)
- liquid-structure interaction (1)
- literature (1)
- lizards (1)
- low-rank coal (1)
- machine learning (1)
- macro-element (1)
- magnetic actuation (1)
- magnetic beads (1)
- magnetic biosensing (1)
- magnetic relaxation (1)
- magnetic resonance imaging (1)
- magnetic sandwich immunoassay (1)
- magnetic sensing (1)
- magnetic sensors (1)
- magnetic separation (1)
- magnetic tweezers (1)
- magnetophoretic velocity (1)
- mainstream deammonification (1)
- management (1)
- manufacturing (1)
- manufacturing data model (1)
- manufacturing flexibility (1)
- manufacturing management (1)
- marketing (1)
- mathematical optimization (1)
- mechanical buffer (1)
- mechanical properties (1)
- metal-oxide-semiconductor structure (1)
- metathesis (1)
- methanation (1)
- method of fundamental solutions (1)
- micromagnetic simulation (1)
- micronutrients (1)
- microplasma (1)
- microwave (MW) plasma (1)
- microwave measurements (1)
- mixed-integer linear programming (1)
- model performance (1)
- modelled population estimates (1)
- motivation (1)
- multi-agent systems (1)
- multi-functional material (1)
- multi-sensing platform (1)
- multianalyte detection (1)
- multinomial distribution (1)
- multiparametric immunoassays (1)
- multiplex detection (1)
- multivariate normal distribution (1)
- muscle mechanics (1)
- nanobelts (1)
- nanoparticle coverage (1)
- negative emissions (1)
- neutrons (1)
- next generation network (1)
- nitrogen elimination (1)
- non-simplex S-FEM elements (1)
- nonlinear VNA measurements (1)
- nonlinear radar (1)
- nonlinear transient analyses (1)
- novel photoexcitation method (1)
- nuclear waste (1)
- numerical model (1)
- on-chip integrated addressable EISCAP sensors (1)
- onion (1)
- optical fibers (1)
- optical sensor setup (1)
- optical spore trapping (1)
- optical trapping (1)
- optimization (1)
- optimization model (1)
- optimization system (1)
- organosilanes (1)
- overload (1)
- parabolic flight (1)
- parking slot detection (1)
- penicillinase (1)
- perennial ryegrass (1)
- performance analysis (1)
- performance testing (1)
- performativity in personal knowledge (1)
- personal way of designing (1)
- phonocardiogram (1)
- physical model (1)
- physiology (1)
- plant molecular farming (1)
- plant virus detection (1)
- plasma jet (1)
- plug flow reactor (1)
- plug-based microfluidic device (1)
- point cloud processing (1)
- point-focussing system (1)
- poly(d, l-lactic acid) (1)
- polyamide (1)
- polyaspartic acid (1)
- polyester (1)
- polyetheretherketone (1)
- polyetheretherketone (PEEK) (1)
- polystyrene sulfonate (1)
- population and housing census (1)
- porous materials (1)
- portfolio risk (1)
- power-to-X (1)
- prevention (1)
- product bundling (1)
- product liability (1)
- production planning and control (1)
- production systems (1)
- programming (1)
- prostate cancer (1)
- prostatectomy (1)
- proton therapy (1)
- protons (1)
- psychosocial (1)
- pullulan (1)
- qNMR (1)
- quality of life (1)
- random effects (1)
- random effects meta-regression model (1)
- raytracing (1)
- rehabilitation (1)
- relative dosimetry (1)
- reliability of structures (1)
- research association (1)
- resilience (1)
- resource abundance (1)
- retention time (1)
- retinal microvasculature (1)
- retinal vessels (1)
- review (1)
- rollout (1)
- rubber (1)
- running (1)
- sEMG (1)
- sarcomere operating length (1)
- scan strategy (1)
- scanned light pulse technique (1)
- seismic response (1)
- separable Hilbert space (1)
- series elastic element behavior (1)
- service-oriented architectures (1)
- shakedown analysis (1)
- shoulder (1)
- silanization (1)
- simulation (1)
- sizing (1)
- slum classification (1)
- smooth muscle contraction (1)
- socio-economic welfare (1)
- soil amendment (1)
- soil health (1)
- soil remediation (1)
- solar multiple factor (1)
- solar process heat (1)
- solid-state battery (1)
- spatial resolution (1)
- spore kill rate (1)
- sprint start (1)
- standard error of measurement (1)
- sterilisation (1)
- sterility (1)
- sterilization (1)
- sterilization conditions (1)
- stiffness (1)
- stochastic optimization (1)
- stochastic programming (1)
- strain energy function (1)
- stretch reflex (1)
- stretch-shortening cycle (1)
- structure-soil-structure interaction (1)
- succinate (1)
- superabsorbent polymers (1)
- superparamagnetic bead (1)
- superparamagnetic nanoparticles (1)
- supramolecular structures (1)
- surface functionalization (1)
- surface modification (1)
- survival (1)
- swelling properties (1)
- swimming (1)
- system optimization (1)
- system synthesis (1)
- systematic (1)
- technical operations research (1)
- technology planning (1)
- telecommunication (1)
- temperature (1)
- tendon rupture (1)
- test-retest reliability (1)
- thematic analysis (1)
- theory and modeling (1)
- thermal dose (1)
- thermal storage (1)
- thermometry (1)
- tilted constant illumination (1)
- tissue temperature (1)
- transmit antenna arrays (1)
- transponder (1)
- transporters (1)
- tri-lineage differentiation (1)
- truss (1)
- turnip vein clearing virus (TVCV) (1)
- twin-fluid atomizer (1)
- ultrasonography (1)
- uniformly most powerful invariant test (1)
- unloading (1)
- urease (1)
- vault (1)
- video learning (1)
- videolaryngoscopy (1)
- virgin passive (1)
- viscoelasticity (1)
- visualization (1)
- walking (1)
- walking gait (1)
- wastewater (1)
- water economy (1)
- water supply design (1)
- yield (1)
Influence of slab deflection on the out-of-plane capacity of unreinforced masonry partition walls
(2023)
Severe damage of non-structural elements is noticed in previous earthquakes, causing high economic losses and posing a life threat for the people. Masonry partition walls are one of the most commonly used non-structural elements. Therefore, their behaviour under earthquake loading in out-of-plane (OOP) direction is investigated by several researches in the past years. However, none of the existing experimental campaigns or analytical approaches consider the influence of prior slab deflection on OOP response of partition walls. Moreover, none of the existing construction techniques for the connection of partition walls with surrounding reinforced concrete (RC) is investigated for the combined slab deflection and OOP loading. However, the inevitable time-dependent behaviour of RC slabs leads to high values of final slab deflections which can further influence boundary conditions of partition walls. Therefore, a comprehensive study on the influence of slab deflection on the OOP capacity of masonry partitions is conducted. In the first step, experimental tests are carried out. Results of experimental tests are further used for the calibration of the numerical model employed for a parametric study. Based on the results, behaviour under combined loading for different construction techniques is explained. The results show that slab deflection leads either to severe damage or to a high reduction of OOP capacity. Existing practical solutions do not account for these effects. In this contribution, recommendations to overcome the problems of combined slab deflection and OOP loading on masonry partition walls are given. Possible interaction of in-plane (IP) loading, with the combined slab deflection and OOP loading on partition walls, is not investigated in this study.
Extracellular acidification is a basic indicator for alterations in two vital metabolic pathways: glycolysis and cellular respiration. Measuring these alterations by monitoring extracellular acidification using cell-based biosensors such as LAPS plays an important role in studying these pathways whose disorders are associated with numerous diseases including cancer. However, the surface of the biosensors must be specially tailored to ensure high cell compatibility so that cells can represent more in vivo-like behavior, which is critical to gain more realistic in vitro results from the analyses, e.g., drug discovery experiments. In this work, O2 plasma patterning on the LAPS surface is studied to enhance surface features of the sensor chip, e.g., wettability and biofunctionality. The surface treated with O2 plasma for 30 s exhibits enhanced cytocompatibility for adherent CHO–K1 cells, which promotes cell spreading and proliferation. The plasma-modified LAPS chip is then integrated into a microfluidic system, which provides two identical channels to facilitate differential measurements of the extracellular acidification of CHO–K1 cells. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that extracellular acidification within microfluidic channels is quantitatively visualized as differential (bio-)chemical images.
The ClearPET™ project is proposed by working groups of the Crystal Clear Collaboration (CCC) to develop a 2nd generation high performance small animal positron emission tomograph (PET). High sensitivity and high spatial resolution is foreseen for the ClearPET™ camera by using a phoswich arrangement combining mixed lutetium yttrium aluminum perovskite (LuYAP:Ce) and lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) scintillating crystals. Design optimizations for the first photomultiplier tube (PMT) based ClearPET camera are done with a Monte-Carlo simulation package implemented on GEANT3 (CERN, Geneva, Switzerland). A dual-head prototype has been built to test the frontend electronics and was used to validate the implementation of the GEANT3 simulation tool. Multiple simulations were performed following the experimental protocols to measure the intrinsic resolution and the sensitivity profile in axial and radial direction. Including a mean energy resolution of about 27.0% the simulated intrinsic resolution is about (1.41±0.11)mm compared to the measured of (1.48±0.06)mm. The simulated sensitivity profiles show a mean square deviation of 12.6% in axial direction and 3.6% in radial direction. Satisfactorily these results are representative for all designs and confirm the scanner geometry.
Beyond ClearPET: Next Aims
(2008)
The CRYSTAL CLEAR collaboration, in short CCC, is a consortium of 12 academic institutions, mainly from Europe, joining efforts in the area of developing instrumentation for nuclear medicine and medical imaging. In the framework of the CCC a high performance small animal PET system, called ClearPET, was developed by using new technologies in electronics and crystals in a phoswich arrangement combining two types of lutetium- based scintillator materials: LSO:Ce and LuYAP:Ce. Our next aim will be the development of hybrid image systems. Hybrid MR-PET imaging has many unique advantages for brain research. This has sparked a new research line within CCC for the development of novel MR-PET compatible technologies. MRI is not as sensitive as PET but PET has poorer spatial resolution than MRI. Two major advantages of PET are sensitivity and its ability to acquire metabolic information. To assess these innovations, the development of a 9.4T hybrid animal MR-PET scanner is proposed based on an existing 9.4T MR scanner that will be adapted to enable simultaneous acquisition of MR and PET data using cutting- edge technology for both MR and PET.
The ClearPET™ project: Development of a 2nd generation high-performance small animal PET scanner
(2005)
Second generation high-performance PET scanners, called ClearPET™1, have been developed by working groups of the Crystal Clear Collaboration (CCC). High sensitivity and high spatial resolution for the ClearPET camera is achieved by using a phoswich arrangement combining two different types of lutetium-based scintillator materials: LSO from CTI and LuYAP:Ce from the CCC (ISTC project). In a first ClearPET prototype, phoswich arrangements of 8×8 crystals of 2×2×10 mm3 are coupled to multi-channel photomultiplier tubes (Hamamatsu R7600). A unit of four PMTs arranged in-line represents one of 20 sectors of the ring design. The opening diameter of the ring is 120 mm, the axial detector length is 110 mm.The PMT pulses are digitized by free-running ADCs and digital data processing determines the gamma energy, the phoswich layer and even the exact pulse starting time, which is subsequently used for coincidence detection. The gantry allows rotation of the detector modules around the field of view.
Preliminary data shows a correct identification of the crystal layer about (98±1)%. Typically the energy resolution is (23.3±0.5)% for the luyap layer and (15.4±0.4)% for the lso layer. early studies showed the timing resolution of 2 ns FWHM and 4.8 ns FWTM. the intrinsic spatial resolution ranges from 1.37 mm to 1.61 mm full-width of half-maximum (FWHM) with a mean of 1.48 mm FWHM. further improvements in image and energy resolution are expected when the system geometry is fully modeled.
A 2nd generation high performance small animal PET scanner, called ClearPET™, has been designed and a first prototype is built by working groups of the Crystal Clear Collaboration (CCC). In order to achieve high sensitivity and maintain good uniform spatial resolution over the field of view in high resolution PET systems, it is necessary to extract the depth of interaction (DOI) information and correct for spatial degradation. The design of the first ClearPET™ Demonstrator based on the use of the multi-anode photomultiplier tube (Hamamatsu R7600-M64) and a LSO/LuYAP phoswich matrix. The two crystal layers of 8*8 crystals (2*2*10 mm3) are stacked on each other and mounted without light guide as one to one on the PMT. A unit of four PMTs arranged in-line represents one of 20 sectors of the ring design. The opening diameter of the crystal ring is 137 mm, the axial detector length is 110 mm. The PMT pulses are digitized by free-running ADCs and digital data processing determines the gamma energy, the phoswich layer and even the pulse arrival time. Single gamma interactions are recorded and coincidences are found by software. The gantry allows rotation of the detector modules around the field of view. The measurements have been done using the first LSO/LuYAP detector cassettes.
Differential multiplicities of forward produced hadrons in deep inelastic muon scattering on nuclear targets have been compared with those from deuterium. The ratios are observed to increase towards unity as the virtual photon energy increases with no significant dependence on the other muon kinematic variables. The hadron transverse momentum distribution is observed to be broadened in nuclear targets. The dependence on the remaining hadron variables is investigated and the results are discussed in the framework of intranuclear interaction models and in the context of the EMC effect.
Measurements are presented of the inclusive distributions of the J/Ψ meson produced by muons of energy 200 GeV from an ammonia target. The gluon distribution of the nucleon has been derived from the data in the range 0.04<x<0.36 using a technique based on the colour singlet model. An arbitrary normalisation factor is required to obtain a reasonable integral of the gluon distribution. Some comments are made on the use of J/Ψ productionby virtual photons to extract the gluon distribution at HERA.
Results are presented on the ratios of the nucleon structure function in copper to deuterium from two separate experiments. The data confirm that the nucleon structure function,F 2, is different for bound nucleons than for the quasi-free ones in the deuteron. The redistribution in the fraction of the nucleon's momentum carried by quarks is investigated and it is found that the data are compatible with no integral loss of quark momenta due to nuclear effects.
The spin asymmetry in deep inelastic scattering of longitudinally polarised muons by longitudinally polarised protons has been measured over a large x range (0.01<x<0.7). The spin-dependent structure function g1(x) for the proton has been determined and its integral over x found to be 0.114±0.012±0.026, in disagreement with the Ellis-Jaffe sum rule. Assuming the validity of the Bjorken sum rule, this result implies a significant negative value for the integral of g1 for the neutron. These values for the integrals of g1 lead to the conclusion that the total quark spin constitutes a rather small fraction of the spin of the nucleon.
The spin asymmetry in deep inelastic scattering of longitudinally polarised muons by longitudinally polarised protons has been measured in the range 0.01<×<0.7. The spin dependent structure function g1(x) for the proton has been determined and, combining the data with earlier SLAC measurements, its integral over x found to be 0.126±0.010(stat.)±0.015(syst.), in disagreement with the Ellis-Jaffe sum rule. Assuming the validity of the Biorken sum rule, this result implies a significant negative value for the integral of g1 for the neutron. These integrals lead to the conclusion, in the naïve quark parton model, that the total quark spin constitutes a rather small fraction of the spin of the nucleon. Results are also presented on the asymmetries in inclusive hadron production which are consistent with the above picture.
The deformation and damage laws of non-homogeneous irregular structural planes in rocks are the basis for studying the stability of rock engineering. To investigate the damage characteristics of rock containing non-parallel fissures, uniaxial compression tests and numerical simulations were conducted on sandstone specimens containing three non-parallel fissures inclined at 0°, 45° and 90° in this study. The characteristics of crack initiation and crack evolution of fissures with different inclinations were analyzed. A constitutive model for the discontinuous fractures of fissured sandstone was proposed. The results show that the fracture behaviors of fissured sandstone specimens are discontinuous. The stress–strain curves are non-smooth and can be divided into nonlinear crack closure stage, linear elastic stage, plastic stage and brittle failure stage, of which the plastic stage contains discontinuous stress drops. During the uniaxial compression test, the middle or ends of 0° fissures were the first to crack compared to 45° and 90° fissures. The end with small distance between 0° and 45° fissures cracked first, and the end with large distance cracked later. After the final failure, 0° fissures in all specimens were fractured, while 45° and 90° fissures were not necessarily fractured. Numerical simulation results show that the concentration of compressive stress at the tips of 0°, 45° and 90° fissures, as well as the concentration of tensile stress on both sides, decreased with the increase of the inclination angle. A constitutive model for the discontinuous fractures of fissured sandstone specimens was derived by combining the logistic model and damage mechanic theory. This model can well describe the discontinuous drops of stress and agrees well with the whole processes of the stress–strain curves of the fissured sandstone specimens.
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a biopolymer produced by different microorganisms, but in biotechnological practice, Komagataeibacter xylinus is used. The micro- and nanofibrillar structure of BC, which forms many different-sized pores, creates prerequisites for the introduction of other polymers into it, including those synthesized by other microorganisms. The study aims to develop a cocultivation system of BC and prebiotic producers to obtain BC-based composite material with prebiotic activity. In this study, pullulan (PUL) was found to stimulate the growth of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG better than the other microbial polysaccharides gellan and xanthan. BC/PUL biocomposite with prebiotic properties was obtained by cocultivation of Komagataeibacter xylinus and Aureobasidium pullulans, BC and PUL producers respectively, on molasses medium. The inclusion of PUL in BC is proved gravimetrically by scanning electron microscopy and by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. Cocultivation demonstrated a composite effect on the aggregation and binding of BC fibers, which led to a significant improvement in mechanical properties. The developed approach for “grafting” of prebiotic activity on BC allows preparation of environmentally friendly composites of better quality.
NVS123 is a poorly water-soluble protease 56 inhibitor in clinical development. Data from in vitro hepatocyte studies suggested that NVS123 is mainly metabolized by CYP3A4. As a consequence of limited solubility, NVS123 therapeutic plasma exposures could not be achieved even with high doses and optimized formulations. One approach to overcome NVS123 developability issues was to increase plasma exposure by coadministrating it with an inhibitor of CYP3A4 such as ritonavir. A clinical boost effect was predicted by using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. However, initial boost predictions lacked sufficient confidence because a key parameter, fraction of drug metabolized by CYP3A4 (ƒₘCYP3A4), could not be estimated with accuracy on account of disconnects between in vitro and in vivo preclinical data. To accurately estimate ƒₘCYP3A4 in human, an in vivo boost effect study was conducted using CYP3A4-humanized mouse model which showed a 33- to 56-fold exposure boost effect. Using a top-down approach, human ƒₘCYP3A4 for NVS123 was estimated to be very high and included in the human PBPK modeling to support subsequent clinical study design. The combined use of the in vivo boost study in CYP3A4-humanized mouse model mice along with PBPK modeling accurately predicted the clinical outcome and identified a significant NVS123 exposure boost (∼42-fold increase) with ritonavir.
Accurate determination of free-surface dynamics has attracted much research attention during the past decade and has important applications in many environmental and water related areas. In this study, the free-surface dynamics in several turbulent flows commonly found in nature were investigated using a synchronised setup consisting of an ultrasonic sensor and a high-speed video camera. Basic sensor capabilities were examined in dry conditions to allow for a better characterisation of the present sensor model. The ultrasonic sensor was found to adequately reproduce free-surface dynamics up to the second order, especially in two-dimensional scenarios with the most energetic modes in the low frequency range. The sensor frequency response was satisfactory in the sub-20 Hz band, and its signal quality may be further improved by low-pass filtering prior to digitisation. The application of the USS to characterise entrapped air in high-velocity flows is also discussed.
Solution of plane anisotropic elastostatical boundary value problems by singular integral equations
(1982)
Light-addressable potentiometric sensors for quantitative spatial imaging of chemical species
(2017)
A light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) is a semiconductor-based chemical sensor, in which a measurement site on the sensing surface is defined by illumination. This light addressability can be applied to visualize the spatial distribution of pH or the concentration of a specific chemical species, with potential applications in the fields of chemistry, materials science, biology, and medicine. In this review, the features of this chemical imaging sensor technology are compared with those of other technologies. Instrumentation, principles of operation, and various measurement modes of chemical imaging sensor systems are described. The review discusses and summarizes state-of-the-art technologies, especially with regard to the spatial resolution and measurement speed; for example, a high spatial resolution in a submicron range and a readout speed in the range of several tens of thousands of pixels per second have been achieved with the LAPS. The possibility of combining this technology with microfluidic devices and other potential future developments are discussed.
The light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) is an electrochemical sensor with a field-effect structure to detect the variation of the Nernst potential at its sensor surface, the measured area on which is defined by illumination. Thanks to this light-addressability, the LAPS can be applied to chemical imaging sensor systems, which can visualize the two-dimensional distribution of a particular target ion on the sensor surface. Chemical imaging sensor systems are expected to be useful for analysis of reaction and diffusion in various electrochemical and biological samples. Recent developments of LAPS-based chemical imaging sensor systems, in terms of the spatial resolution, measurement speed, image quality, miniaturization and integration with microfluidic devices, are summarized and discussed.
The artificial olfactory image was proposed by Lundström et al. in 1991 as a new strategy for an electronic nose system which generated a two-dimensional mapping to be interpreted as a fingerprint of the detected gas species. The potential distribution generated by the catalytic metals integrated into a semiconductor field-effect structure was read as a photocurrent signal generated by scanning light pulses. The impact of the proposed technology spread beyond gas sensing, inspiring the development of various imaging modalities based on the light addressing of field-effect structures to obtain spatial maps of pH distribution, ions, molecules, and impedance, and these modalities have been applied in both biological and non-biological systems. These light-addressing technologies have been further developed to realize the position control of a faradaic current on the electrode surface for localized electrochemical reactions and amperometric measurements, as well as the actuation of liquids in microfluidic devices.
This contribution discusses the utilization of RF power in an MRI system with RF mode shimming which enables the superposition of circularly polarized modes of a transmit RF coil array driven by a Butler matrix. Since the required power for the individual modes can vary widely, mode-shimming can result in a significant underutilization of the total available RF power. A variable power combiner (VPC) is proposed to improve the power utilization: it can be realized as a reconfiguration of the MRI transmit system by the inclusion of one additional matrix network which receives the power from all transmit amplifiers at its input ports and provides any desired (combined) power distribution at its output ports by controlling the phase and amplitude of the amplifiers’ input signals. The power distribution at the output ports of the VPC is then fed into the “mode” ports of the coil array Butler matrix in order to superimpose the spatial modes at the highest achievable power utilization. The VPC configuration is compared to the standard configuration of the transmit chain of our MRI system with 8 transmit channels and 16 coils. In realistic scenarios, improved power utilization was achieved from 17% to 60% and from 14% to 55% for an elliptical phantom and a region of interest in the abdomen, respectively, and an increase of the power utilization of 1 dB for a region of interest in the upper leg. In general, it is found that the VPC allows significant improvement in power utilization when the shimming solution demands only a few modes to be energized, while the technique can yield loss in power utilization in cases with many modes required at high power level.
The composition of plant biomass varies depending on the feedstock and pre-treatment conditions and influences its processing in biorefineries. In order to ensure optimal process conditions, the quantitative proportion of the main polymeric components of the pre-treated biomass has to be determined. Current standard procedures for biomass compositional analysis are complex, the measurements are afflicted with errors and therefore often not comparable. Hence, new powerful analytical methods are urgently required to characterize biomass. In this contribution, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was applied in combination with multivariate data analysis (MVA) to detect the cellulose content of the plant biomass pretreated by Liquid Hot Water (LHW) and Organosolv processes under various conditions. Unlike conventional techniques, the developed analytic method enables the accurate quantification of monosaccharide content of the plant biomass without any previous sample preparation. It is easy to handle and avoids errors in sample preparation.
A multi-spot light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS), which belongs to the family of semiconductor field-effect devices, was applied for label-free detection of double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (dsDNA) molecules by their intrinsic molecular charge. To reduce the distance between the DNA charge and sensor surface and thus, to enhance the electrostatic coupling between the dsDNA molecules and the LAPS, the negatively charged dsDNA molecules were electrostatically adsorbed onto the gate surface of the LAPS covered with a positively charged weak polyelectrolyte layer of PAH (poly(allylamine hydrochloride)). The surface potential changes in each spot of the LAPS, induced by the layer-by-layer adsorption of a PAH/dsDNA bilayer, were recorded by means of photocurrent-voltage and constant-photocurrent measurements. In addition, the surface morphology of the gate surface before and after consecutive electrostatic adsorption of PAH and dsDNA layers was studied by atomic force microscopy measurements. Moreover, fluorescence microscopy was used to verify the successful adsorption of dsDNA molecules onto the PAH-modified LAPS surface. A high sensor signal of 25 mV was registered after adsorption of 10 nM dsDNA molecules. The lower detection limit is down to 0.1 nM dsDNA. The obtained results demonstrate that the PAH-modified LAPS device provides a convenient and rapid platform for the direct label-free electrical detection of in-solution hybridized dsDNA molecules.
A multi-spot (16 spots) light-addressable potentiometric sensor (MLAPS) consisting of an Al–p-Si–SiO2 structure modified with a weak polyelectrolyte layer of PAH (poly(allylamine hydrochloride)) was applied for the label-free electrical detection of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) immobilization and hybridization by the intrinsic molecular charge for the first time. To achieve a preferentially flat orientation of DNA strands and thus, to reduce the distance between the DNA charge and MLAPS surface, the negatively charged probe single-stranded DNAs (ssDNA) were electrostatically adsorbed onto the positively charged PAH layer using a simple layer-by-layer (LbL) technique. In this way, more DNA charge can be positioned within the Debye length, yielding a higher sensor signal. The surface potential changes in each spot induced due to the surface modification steps (PAH adsorption, probe ssDNA immobilization, hybridization with complementary target DNA (cDNA), non-specific adsorption of mismatched ssDNA) were determined from the shifts of photocurrent–voltage curves along the voltage axis. A high sensor signal of 83 mV was registered after immobilization of probe ssDNA onto the PAH layer. The hybridization signal increases from 5 mV to 32 mV with increasing the concentration of cDNA from 0.1 nM to 5 μM. In contrast, a small signal of 5 mV was recorded in the case of non-specific adsorption of fully mismatched ssDNA (5 μM). The obtained results demonstrate the potential of the MLAPS in combination with the simple and rapid LbL immobilization technique as a promising platform for the future development of multi-spot light-addressable label-free DNA chips with direct electrical readout.
A multi-spot (4 × 4 spots) light-addressable potentiometric sensor (MLAPS) consisting of an Al–p-Si–SiO2 structure has been applied for the label-free electrical detection of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) immobilization and hybridization by the intrinsic molecular charge for the first time. Single-stranded probe ssDNA molecules (20 bases) were covalently immobilized onto the silanized SiO2 gate surface. The unspecific adsorption of mismatch ssDNA on the MLAPS gate surface was blocked by bovine serum albumin molecules. To reduce the screening effect and to achieve a high sensor signal, the measurements were performed in a low ionic-strength solution. The photocurrent–voltage (I–V) curves were simultaneously recorded on all 16 spots after each surface functionalization step. Large shifts of I–V curves of 25 mV were registered after the DNA immobilization and hybridization event. In contrast, a small potential shift (∼5 mV) was observed in case of mismatch ssDNA, revealing good specificity of the sensor. The obtained results demonstrate the potential of the MLAPS as promising transducer platform for the multi-spot label-free electrical detection of DNA molecules by their intrinsic molecular charge.
This article discusses the contrast between the information transportation companies provide to travellers and that of their brand messaging. Companies’ brand messaging often portrays the service they provide as pleasant, stress free and perfect. Customers and users of the service, on the other hand, often describe their experience of the service as a negative one. This article suggests that the brand value would be greater if transportation companies paid more attention to the users’ experience when designing their information systems, particularly in worst case scenarios.
The manufacturing share of laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) increases in industrial application, but still many process steps are manually operated. Additionally, it is not possible to achieve tight dimensional tolerances or low surfaces roughness. Hence, a process chain has to be set up to combine additive manufacturing (AM) with further machining technologies. To achieve a continuous workpiece flow as basis for further industrialization of L-PBF, the paper presents a novel substrate system and its application on L-PBF machines and post-processing. The substrate system consists of a zero-point clamping system and a matrix-like interface of contact pins to be substantially connected to the workpiece within the L-PBF process.
Computer Supported Communication and Cooperation – Making Information Aware / Luczak, H. ; Wolf, M.
(1999)
his report summarizes the results of a workshop on Groupware related task design which took place at the International Conference on Supporting Group Work Group'99, Arizona, from 14 th to 17 th November 1999.
The workshop was addressed to people from different
viewpoints, backgrounds, and domains:
- Researchers dealing with questions of task analysis
and task modeling for Groupware application from an
academic point of view. They may contribute modelbased design
approaches or theoretically oriented
work
- Practitioners with experience in the design and
everyday use of groupware systems. They might refer
to the practical side of the topic: "real" tasks, "real"
problems, "real" users, etc.
High resolution temperature measurement technique for materials sciences experiments in space
(1998)
Solidification of silver-germanium alloys in an amorphous matrix aboard the space station Mir
(1993)
Ga-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 garnet solid electrolytes exhibit the highest Li-ion conductivities among the oxide-type garnet-structured solid electrolytes, but instabilities toward Li metal hamper their practical application. The instabilities have been assigned to direct chemical reactions between LiGaO2 coexisting phases and Li metal by several groups previously. Yet, the understanding of the role of LiGaO2 in the electrochemical cell and its electrochemical properties is still lacking. Here, we are investigating the electrochemical properties of LiGaO2 through electrochemical tests in galvanostatic cells versus Li metal and complementary ex situ studies via confocal Raman microscopy, quantitative phase analysis based on powder X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy. The results demonstrate considerable and surprising electrochemical activity, with high reversibility. A three-stage reaction mechanism is derived, including reversible electrochemical reactions that lead to the formation of highly electronically conducting products. The results have considerable implications for the use of Ga-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 electrolytes in all-solid-state Li-metal battery applications and raise the need for advanced materials engineering to realize Ga-doped Li7La3Zr2O12for practical use.
Biopharmaceuticals such as antibodies are produced in cultivated mammalian cells, which must be monitored to comply with good manufacturing practice. We, therefore, developed a fully automated system comprising a specific exhaust gas analyzer, inline analytics and a corresponding algorithm to precisely determine the oxygen uptake rate, carbon dioxide evolution rate, carbon dioxide transfer rate, transfer quotient and respiratory quotient without interrupting the ongoing cultivation, in order to assess its reproducibility. The system was verified using chemical simulation experiments and was able to measure the respiratory activity of hybridoma cells and DG44 cells (derived from Chinese hamster ovary cells) with satisfactory results at a minimum viable cell density of ~2.0 × 10⁵ cells ml⁻¹. The system was suitable for both batch and fed-batch cultivations in bubble-aerated and membrane-aerated reactors, with and without the control of pH and dissolved oxygen.