Refine
Year of publication
Institute
- Fachbereich Energietechnik (1116) (remove)
Language
- English (589)
- German (524)
- Multiple languages (1)
- Dutch (1)
- Spanish (1)
Document Type
- Article (609)
- Conference Proceeding (259)
- Book (126)
- Part of a Book (84)
- Doctoral Thesis (10)
- Conference: Meeting Abstract (7)
- Report (7)
- Other (4)
- Talk (3)
- Diploma Thesis (2)
Keywords
- Blitzschutz (18)
- Lightning protection (11)
- Earthquake (5)
- Diversity Management (4)
- Energy storage (4)
- Power plants (4)
- Risikomanagement (4)
- Seismic design (4)
- reinforced concrete (4)
- Associated liquids (3)
- Concentrated solar power (3)
- Elektromagnetischer Schutzschild (3)
- Hybrid energy system (3)
- INODIS (3)
- Lightning (3)
- Out-of-plane load (3)
- Risikoabschätzung (3)
- Risk management (3)
- Seismic loading (3)
- Stahlbetonkonstruktion (3)
- earthquakes (3)
- renewable energy (3)
- Adjacent buildings (2)
- Central receiver power plant (2)
- Concentrated systems (2)
- Direkter Blitzschlag (2)
- Diversity (2)
- Electricity generation (2)
- Energierecht (2)
- Engineering Habitus (2)
- Erneuerbare Energien (2)
- Gas turbine (2)
- Gasturbine (2)
- Historical centres (2)
- Human-robot collaboration (2)
- Hybridsystem (2)
- INSYSME (2)
- Induzierte Spannungen (2)
- Innovation Management (2)
- Lightning Protection (2)
- Lightning protection system (2)
- Magnetische Felder (2)
- Masonry infill (2)
- Micro turbine (2)
- Mikrogasturbine (2)
- Organizational Culture (2)
- Regenerative Energieanlagen (2)
- Renewable energy (2)
- Risikoabwägung (2)
- Risk assessment (2)
- Shake table test (2)
- Solar thermal technologies (2)
- Stone masonry (2)
- Tanks (2)
- cyber physical production system (2)
- digital shadow (2)
- electromagnetic shielding (2)
- engineering education (2)
- hybrid system (2)
- industrial facilities (2)
- installations (2)
- lightning protection (2)
- photovoltaic system (2)
- piping (2)
- seismic design (2)
- seismic loading (2)
- wind turbine (2)
- Academia (1)
- Acceptance (1)
- Algal Turf Scrubber (1)
- Algal–bacterial bioflm (1)
- Alternative Energiequelle (1)
- Anti-Bias (1)
- Antibias (1)
- Artificial intelligence (1)
- Ausfachungsmauerwerk (1)
- BIM (1)
- Basisisolierung (1)
- Bauwerksüberwachung (1)
- Behaviour factor q (1)
- Bemessung (1)
- Best practice sharing (1)
- Biogas (1)
- Blind prediction competition (1)
- Blitz (1)
- Blitzeinschlag (1)
- Blitzrisiko (1)
- Blitzschlag (1)
- Bloom Taxonomy (1)
- COMSOL Multiphysics (1)
- Camera system (1)
- Capacity Curve (1)
- Cardiovascular MRI (1)
- Central receiver system (1)
- Ceramics (1)
- Change Management (1)
- Change management (1)
- Circular bioeconomy (1)
- Civil engineering (1)
- Cloud passages (1)
- Cognitive assistance system (1)
- Components (1)
- Concentrated solar collector (1)
- Concentrating solar power (1)
- Control optimization (1)
- Corporate Culture (1)
- DAC (1)
- DIN EN 1996 (1)
- DNI forecast (1)
- DNI forecasting (1)
- Decision theory (1)
- Decoupling (1)
- Design Thinking (1)
- Design examples (1)
- Digital leadership (1)
- Digitalization (1)
- Direct lightning strike (1)
- Direct normal irradiance forecast (1)
- District data model (1)
- District energy planning platform (1)
- Diversity management (1)
- Dynamic simulation (1)
- EN 1998-4 (1)
- ESHM20, industrial facilities (1)
- Earthquake Engineering (1)
- Electrochemistry (1)
- Elektrizität (1)
- Elektromagnetische Kopplung (1)
- Emilia-Romagna earthquake (1)
- Emissionshandel (1)
- Emissionsrechtehandel (1)
- Empirical consequence curves (1)
- Empirical fragility functions (1)
- Energiekonzept (1)
- Energietechnik (1)
- Energietechnische Anlage (1)
- Energy (1)
- Energy Systems (1)
- Energy system (1)
- Energy system planning (1)
- Engineering (1)
- Engineering Education (1)
- Erdbeben (1)
- Erdbebeneinwirkung (1)
- Erneuerbares Energiengesetz (1)
- Ethics (1)
- Eurocode 8 (1)
- Fernerkundung (1)
- Feuchtigkeit (1)
- Fracture classification (1)
- Frame structure (1)
- Fresnel power plant (1)
- Future Skills (1)
- Future skills (1)
- Gas (1)
- Gender (1)
- Genetic algorithm (1)
- Germany (1)
- Gesamtwassergehalt (1)
- Global change (1)
- Gust wind response (1)
- Heliostat Field Calibration (1)
- Heliostats (1)
- Higher Education (1)
- Hilbert Room (1)
- Human factors (1)
- Human-centered work design (1)
- Hybridanlage (1)
- Hybridization (1)
- Imaging (1)
- In- plane damage (1)
- In-plane (1)
- In-plane load (1)
- In-plane performance, isolation (1)
- Inclusive work climate (1)
- Industrial facilities (1)
- Industrial units (1)
- Industrieanlagen (1)
- Infill wall design (1)
- Infrarot-Reflexions-Absorptions-Spektroskopie (1)
- Infrarotmesstechnik (1)
- Innovation (1)
- Interaction (1)
- Interculturality (1)
- Interdisciplinarity (1)
- Isolation (1)
- Kalkulation (1)
- Kernenergie (1)
- Key competences (1)
- Kraftwerke (1)
- Leadership (1)
- Left ventriular function (1)
- Lightning Risk (1)
- Linear elastic analysis (1)
- LiveLink for MATLAB (1)
- MIR-Spektroskopie (1)
- MR-stethoscope (1)
- Magnetic field strength (1)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (1)
- Masonry partition walls (1)
- Masonry structures (1)
- Mauerwerksbauten (1)
- Mauerwerksgebäude (1)
- Maßstabsgetreues Modell (1)
- Measuring instruments (1)
- Methane (1)
- Mixed integer linear programming (MILP) (1)
- Modern constructions (1)
- Molten salt receiver (1)
- Molten salt receiver system (1)
- Molten salt receiver system, (1)
- Molten salt solar tower (1)
- Momentenverteilung (1)
- Monitoring (1)
- Monte Carlo Tree Search (1)
- Morphing (1)
- Multi-storey (1)
- Neo-Deterministic (1)
- Nowcasting (1)
- Nuclear Applications (1)
- Numerical modelling (1)
- Operators (1)
- Optimization module (1)
- Organizational culture (1)
- Out-of-plane (1)
- Out-of-plane capacity (1)
- Out-of-plane failure (1)
- Out-of-plane strength (1)
- PBEE (1)
- PTC (1)
- Parabolic trough collector (1)
- Perception (1)
- Photovoltaics (1)
- Photovoltaikanlage (1)
- Photovoltaikanlagen (1)
- Piping (1)
- Postulates (1)
- Power conversion systems (1)
- Precast buildings (1)
- Privacy (1)
- Probability distribution mapping (1)
- Process prediction (1)
- Psychological concepts (1)
- Pushover analysis (1)
- PushoverAnalysen (1)
- Pyrometrie (1)
- Quadrocopter (1)
- Quantenkaskadenlaser (1)
- Quantenmechanik (1)
- RC frames (1)
- Rahmentragwirkung (1)
- Reinforced concrete frame (1)
- Renewable energy integration (1)
- Response spectrum (1)
- Responsibility (1)
- Risiko (1)
- Risk (1)
- Risk Assessment (1)
- Risk Management (1)
- Risk assessment ; Insurance (1)
- Schrödingers cat (1)
- Seismic (1)
- Seismic Hazard (1)
- Sensor (1)
- Shoulder (1)
- Silos (1)
- Slab deflection (1)
- Social impact measurement (1)
- Solar concentration (1)
- Solar dish (1)
- Solar irradiance (1)
- Speckle (1)
- Spectral analysis (1)
- Stahlbeton (1)
- Stahlbetonrahmen (1)
- Star design (1)
- Structural design (1)
- Structural health monitoring (1)
- Sustainability (1)
- Sustainable engineering education (1)
- Tank (1)
- Temperaturmessung (1)
- Thermal Energy Storage (1)
- Time-series aggregation (1)
- Transient flux distribution (1)
- Trinitrotol (1)
- Two-phase modelling (1)
- Typical periods (1)
- UAV (1)
- Umwelt (1)
- Umweltzertifikathandel (1)
- Uncertainty analysis (1)
- Unmanned aerial vehicle (1)
- Unreinforced masonry buildings (1)
- Unreinforced masonry walls (1)
- Verdunstungskälte (1)
- Verhaltensbeiwerte (1)
- Versicherung (1)
- Virtuelle Kraftwerke (1)
- Vulnerability Curves (1)
- Wand-Decken-Interaktion (1)
- Wellenausbreitung (1)
- Wind turbulence (1)
- Windenergieanlage (1)
- Windenergieanlagen (1)
- Window opening (1)
- Ziegelmauerwerk (1)
- acoustic pyrometry (1)
- antennas (1)
- arresters (1)
- atmospheric modeling (1)
- behaviour factor q (1)
- best practice (1)
- bio-methane (1)
- body limbs (1)
- bubble column (1)
- bullying (1)
- calculations (1)
- carbon dioxide removal (1)
- cardiac gating (1)
- cardiovascular MR imaging (1)
- change management (1)
- churches (1)
- climate neutrality (1)
- concentrating collector (1)
- conductors (1)
- connection detail (1)
- current distribution (1)
- cyber-physical production system (1)
- deserts (1)
- digital twin (1)
- digitalization (1)
- direct air capture (1)
- dissemination (1)
- distribution grid simulation (1)
- diversity (1)
- diversity management (1)
- down-conductor (1)
- e-mobility (1)
- early warning and response system (1)
- earthquake (1)
- earthquake engineering (1)
- economics (1)
- education (1)
- elastomeric bearing (1)
- electrical circuits (1)
- electrical engineering (1)
- electrocardiogram (1)
- electromagnetic coupling (1)
- electromagnetic shield (1)
- energy concept (1)
- energy transition (1)
- engineering (1)
- environment (1)
- equivalent stiffness (1)
- field simulation (1)
- finite element method (1)
- flue gas components (1)
- fluid structure interaction (1)
- fragility curves (1)
- friction pendulum bearing (1)
- gender and diversity (1)
- granular silo (1)
- high field MR imaging (1)
- high-frequency technology (1)
- human digital shadow (1)
- human factors (1)
- human-machine interface (1)
- hybrid-system (1)
- hypoplasticity (1)
- impulsive effects (1)
- in-plane (1)
- in-plane and out-of-plane failure (1)
- in-plane behaviour (1)
- induced voltage (1)
- induced voltages (1)
- innovation (1)
- innovation management (1)
- integration SHM in BIM (1)
- interconnected sensor systems (1)
- internet of production (1)
- lessons learned (1)
- lightning (1)
- lightning flash (1)
- lightning strike (1)
- linear elastic analysis; (1)
- liquid storage tank (1)
- liquid-storage tank (1)
- liquid-structure interaction (1)
- lizards (1)
- macro-element (1)
- magnetic field (1)
- magnetic fields (1)
- magnetic resonance imaging (1)
- masonry infill (1)
- masonry structures (1)
- metal façade (1)
- methanation (1)
- microwave technology (1)
- modern constructions (1)
- negative emissions (1)
- nonlinear transient analyses (1)
- open educational resources (1)
- out-of-plane (1)
- out-of-plane behaviour (1)
- overvoltages (1)
- phonocardiogram (1)
- planning (1)
- plasma technology (1)
- plug flow reactor (1)
- point-focussing system (1)
- policy recommendations (1)
- power generation (1)
- power transmission lines (1)
- power-to-gas (1)
- probability distribution (1)
- protection measures (1)
- raytracing (1)
- recommendations for actions (1)
- renewable energies (1)
- research association (1)
- risk assessment (1)
- risk management (1)
- rollout (1)
- safety control (1)
- scaled model (1)
- seismic (1)
- seismic hazard (1)
- seismic isolation (1)
- seismic response (1)
- seismic risk (1)
- seismic structural damage detection via SHM (1)
- seismic vulnerability (1)
- simplified approach (1)
- smart-charging (1)
- social responsible engineering (1)
- solar process heat (1)
- standards (1)
- steam production (1)
- steel columns (1)
- storage dispatch (1)
- storage optimisation (1)
- structure-soil-structure interaction (1)
- surges (1)
- swimming (1)
- teaching (1)
- temperature measurement (1)
- thermal storage (1)
- touch voltage (1)
- truss (1)
- unreinforced masonry buildings (1)
- user & usage (1)
- vault (1)
- vocal fold oscillation (1)
- wave propagation (1)
- Überspannung (1)
Ein vorausschauendes Risikomanagement beinhaltet, Risiken für das Unternehmen zu kalkulieren. Es liefert Entscheidungsgrundlagen, um diese Risiken zu begrenzen und es macht transparent, welche Risiken sinnvollerweise über Versicherungen abgedeckt werden sollten. Beim Versicherungsmanagement ist jedoch zu bedenken, dass zur Erreichung bestimmter Ziele Versicherungen nicht immer geeignet sind (z.B. Erhaltung der Lieferfähigkeit). Eintrittswahrscheinlichkeiten bestimmter Risiken lassen sich durch Versicherungen nicht verändern. Bei Unternehmen, die mit umfangreichen elektronischen Einrichtungen produzieren oder Dienstleistungen erbringen (und das sind heutzutage wohl die meisten), muss auch das Risiko durch Blitzeinwirkungen besondere Berücksichtigung finden. Dabei ist zu beachten, dass der Schaden aufgrund der Nicht-Verfügbarkeit der elektronischen Einrichtungen und damit der Produktion bzw. der Dienstleistung und ggf. der Verlust von Daten den Hardware-Schaden an der betroffenen Anlage oft bei weitem übersteigt. Im Blitzschutz gewinnt innovatives Denken in Schadensrisiken langsam an Bedeutung. Risikoanalysen haben die Objektivierung und Quantifizierung der Gefährdung von baulichen Anlagen und ihrer Inhalte durch direkte und indirekte Blitzeinschläge zum Ziel. Seinen Niederschlag hat dieses neue Denken in der neuen deutschen Vornorm DIN V 0185-2 VDE V 0185 Teil 2 [1] gefunden. Die hier vorgegebene Risikoanalyse gewährleistet, dass ein für alle Beteiligten nachvollziehbares Blitzschutz-Konzept erstellt werden kann, das technisch und wirtschaftlich optimiert ist, d.h. bei möglichst geringem Aufwand den notwendigen Schutz gewährleisten kann. Die sich aus der Risikoanalyse ergebenden Schutzmaßnahmen sind dann in den weiteren Normenteilen der neuen Reihe VDE V 0185 [2, 3] detailliert beschrieben.
Ein vorausschauendes Risikomanagement beinhaltet, Risiken zu kalkulieren. Es liefert Entscheidungsgrundlagen, um diese Risiken zu begrenzen und es macht transparent,welche Risiken sinnvoll über Versicherungen abgedeckt werden sollten. Bei Unternehmen, die mit umfangreichen elektronischenEinrichtungen produzieren oder Dienstleistungen erbringen (und das sind heutzutage wohl die meisten), muss auch das Risiko durch Blitzeinwirkungen besondere Berücksichtigung finden. Dabei ist zu beachten, dass der Schaden aufgrund der Nichtverfügbarkeit der elektronischen Einrichtungen und damit derProduktion bzw. der Dienstleistung und ggf. der Verlust von Daten den Hardwareschaden an der betroffenen Anlage oft bei weitem übersteigt.
Alle Unternehmen sind vielfältigen Risiken ausgesetzt, die Finanz- und Betriebsbereiche einschließlich Dienstleistungen betreffen können. Die Firmen müssen üblicherweise Risiken eingehen, um im Wettbewerb bestehen zu können. Entscheidend ist, dass man sich über die Risiken bewusst ist, diese einschätzen und kontrollieren kann. Falsche Einschätzungen, Versäumnisse und Fehlentscheidungen können empfindliche finanzielle Schäden bis hin zum Totalverlust nach sich ziehen. Ein effektives Risikomanagement ist heute als wichtiger Sicherheitsfaktor anzusehen und sollte zur strategischen Unternehmensführung gehören. Ein vorausschauendes Risikomanagement beinhaltet, Risiken für das Unternehmen zu kalkulieren. Es liefert Entscheidungsgrundlagen, um diese Risiken zu begrenzen und es macht transparent, welche Risiken sinnvollerweise über Versicherungen abgedeckt werden sollten. Beim Versicherungsmanagement ist jedoch zu bedenken, dass zur Erreichung bestimmter Ziele Versicherungen nicht geeignet sind (z.B. Erhaltung der Lieferfähigkeit). Eintrittswahrscheinlichkeiten bestimmter Risiken lassen sich durch Versicherungen nicht verändern. Bei Unternehmen, die mit umfangreichen elektronischen Einrichtungen produzieren oder Dienstleistungen erbringen (und das sind heutzutage wohl die meisten), muss auch das Risiko durch Blitzeinwirkungen besondere Berücksichtigung finden. Dabei ist zu beachten, dass der Schaden aufgrund der Nicht-Verfügbarkeit der elektronischen Einrichtungen und damit der Produktion bzw. der Dienstleistung und ggf. der Verlust von Daten den Hardware-Schaden an der betroffenen Anlage oft bei weitem übersteigt. Im Blitzschutz gewinnt innovatives Denken in Schadensrisiken langsam an Bedeutung. Risikoanalysen haben die Objektivierung und Quantifizierung der Gefährdung von baulichen Anlagen und ihrer Inhalte durch direkte und indirekte Blitzeinschläge zum Ziel. Seinen Niederschlag hat dieses neue Denken in der neuen deutschen Norm DIN V 0185-2 VDE V 0185 Teil 2 gefunden. Die hier vorgegebene Risikoanalyse gewährleistet, dass ein für alle Beteiligten nachvollziehbares Blitzschutz-Konzept erstellt werden kann, das technisch und wirtschaftlich optimiert ist, d.h. bei möglichst geringem Aufwand den notwendigen Schutz gewährleisten kann. Die sich aus der Risikoanalyse ergebenden Schutzmaßnahmen sind dann in den weiteren Normenteilen der neuen Reihe VDE V 0185 detailliert beschrieben.
Für das Auftreten extremer Wetterereignisse werden für Kernkraftwerke Eintrittshäufigkeiten für nicht mehr beherrschbare Zustände von unter 10⁻⁴/a gefordert. Dies gilt auch für die Einwirkung von Blitzeinschlägen. Die bisherige Nachweisführung zu Blitz- und Überspannungsschutz eines KKW in Deutschland ist deterministisch. In diesem Bericht werden das Vorgehen für einen entsprechenden Nachweis für leittechnische Einrichtungen der Sicherheitstechnik von KKW, der zur geforderten Zielgröße der Eintrittshäufigkeit führt. Die Ergebnisse werden zusammenfassend bewertet.
SHEMAT-Suite: An open-source code for simulating flow, heat and species transport in porous media
(2020)
SHEMAT-Suite is a finite-difference open-source code for simulating coupled flow, heat and species transport in porous media. The code, written in Fortran-95, originates from geoscientific research in the fields of geothermics and hydrogeology. It comprises: (1) a versatile handling of input and output, (2) a modular framework for subsurface parameter modeling, (3) a multi-level OpenMP parallelization, (4) parameter estimation and data assimilation by stochastic approaches (Monte Carlo, Ensemble Kalman filter) and by deterministic Bayesian approaches based on automatic differentiation for calculating exact (truncation error-free) derivatives of the forward code.
Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Specklereduktion bei der Infrarotlaser-gestützten abbildenden Ferndetektion von TNT-Oberflächenkontaminationen. Für die Detektion wird die Probenoberfläche mit einem abstimmbaren Quantenkaskadenlaser bei verschiedenen Wellenzahlen im Spektralbereich von 1340cm-1 bis 1380cm-1 bestrahlt, während eine Infrarot-Kamera Bilder der bestrahlten Fläche aufzeichnet. Diese Bilder werden dann so verarbeitet, dass im Ausgabebild die chemisch spezifische TNT-Absorption durch eine Änderung der Helligkeit örtlich aufgelöst erkennbar werden. Da kohärente Strahlung, welche beispielsweise an optisch rauen Oberflächen reflektiert wird, aufgrund der stochastischen Verteilung der Oberflächenrautiefe mit der einfallenden Strahlung lateral unterschiedlich interferiert, entsteht ein „Rauschen“ in der aufgezeichneten Strahlungsleistungsverteilung, das sog. Speckle-Phänomen. Die Empfindlichkeit der oben skizzierten Lasergestützten Messtechnik wird im Wesentlichen durch diesen Effekt limitiert. Um die durch Laserspeckles verursachten Rauschanteile zu reduzieren, gibt es verschiedene Möglichkeiten. Durch Reduktion von zeitlicher und räumlicher Kohärenz der Strahlung wird deren Interferenzfähigkeit reduziert und durch Variieren des Specklemusters während einer Bildaufzeichnung führen Mittelungen unkorrelierter Rauschanteile zu einer Specklekontrastreduktion. Letztere Möglichkeit resultiert daraus, dass Laserspeckles statistisch durch die Familie der Gammaverteilungen beschrieben werden können. Demnach verbessert sich das Signal-zu-Rausch-Verhältnis mit der Anzahl gemittelter, unkorrelierter Rauschmuster proportional zur Wurzel dieser Anzahl. Ein im MIR-Spektralbereich umsetzbarer Ansatz, der all diese Möglichkeiten berücksichtigt, wurde bereits 1971 von Lowenthal und Joyeaux vorgeschlagen und im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit für den infraroten Spektralbereich adaptiert. Dazu wird die Strahlung mit zwei CVD-Diamant-Wafern moduliert; ein Wafer ist dabei stationär und der andere rotiert mit ca. 70Hz. In der vorliegenden Arbeit konnte mit diesem Ansatz eine Verbesserung des Signal-zu-Rausch-Verhältnisses in der betrachteten Strahlungsleistungs¬verteilung von ursprünglich 3 auf etwa 45 erzielt werden. So konnten erstmals TNT-Kontaminationen von bis zu 10µg/cm² in einem Abstand von 5m abbildend nachgewiesen werden. Dies entspricht der Kontamination durch einen mit TNT leicht verunreinigten Fingerabdruck.
With proven impact of statistical fracture analysis on fracture classifications, it is desirable to minimize the manual work and to maximize repeatability of this approach. We address this with an algorithm that reduces the manual effort to segmentation, fragment identification and reduction. The fracture edge detection and heat map generation are performed automatically. With the same input, the algorithm always delivers the same output. The tool transforms one intact template consecutively onto each fractured specimen by linear least square optimization, detects the fragment edges in the template and then superimposes them to generate a fracture probability heat map.
We hypothesized that the algorithm runs faster than the manual evaluation and with low (< 5 mm) deviation. We tested the hypothesis in 10 fractured proximal humeri and found that it performs with good accuracy (2.5 mm ± 2.4 mm averaged Euclidean distance) and speed (23 times faster). When applied to a distal humerus, a tibia plateau, and a scaphoid fracture, the run times were low (1–2 min), and the detected edges correct by visual judgement. In the geometrically complex acetabulum, at a run time of 78 min some outliers were considered acceptable. An automatically generated fracture probability heat map based on 50 proximal humerus fractures matches the areas of high risk of fracture reported in medical literature.
Such automation of the fracture analysis method is advantageous and could be extended to reduce the manual effort even further.
Die Studie erörtert anhand eines Fallbeispiels aus der Mathematik für Ingenieur*innen, wie didaktische Gestaltungsprinzipien für Soziale Präsenz, Kollaboration und das Lösen von praxisnahen Problemen mit mathematischem Denken in einer Online-Umgebung aussehen können. Hierfür zieht der
Beitrag den forschungsmethodologischen Rahmen Design-Based Research (DBR) hinzu und berichtet über Zwischenergebnisse. DBR wird an dieser Stelle als eine systematische Herangehensweise an kurzfristige Lehrveränderungen und als Chance auf dem Weg zu einer neuen Hochschullehre nach der COVID-19-Pandemie dargestellt, die theoretische und empirische Erkenntnisse mit Praxisverknüpfung und -relevanz vereint.
Simulating the electromagnetic‐thermal treatment of thin aluminium layers for adhesion improvement
(2015)
A composite layer material used in packaging industry is made from joining layers of different materials using an adhesive. An important processing step in the production of aluminium-containing composites is the surface treatment and consequent coating of adhesive material on the aluminium surface. To increase adhesion strength between aluminium layer and the adhesive material, the foil is heat treated. For efficient heating, induction heating was considered as state-of-the-art treatment process. Due to the complexity of the heating process and the unpredictable nature of the heating source, the control of the process is not yet optimised. In this work, a finite element analysis of the process was established and various process parameters were studied. The process was simplified and modelled in 3D. The numerical model contains an air domain, an aluminium layer and a copper coil fitted with a magnetic field concentrating material. The effect of changing the speed of the aluminium foil (or rolling speed) was studied with the change of the coil current. Statistical analysis was used for generating a general control equation of coil current with changing rolling speed.
The performance and biomass yield of the perennial energy plant Sida hermaphrodita (hereafter referred to as Sida) as a feedstock for biogas and solid fuel was evaluated throughout one entire growing period at agricultural field conditions. A Sida plant development code was established to allow comparison of the plant growth stages and biomass composition. Four scenarios were evaluated to determine the use of Sida biomass with regard to plant development and harvest time: (i) one harvest for solid fuel only; (ii) one harvest for biogas production only; (iii) one harvest for biogas production, followed by a harvest of the regrown biomass for solid fuel; and (iv) two consecutive harvests for biogas production. To determine Sida's value as a feedstock for combustion, we assessed the caloric value, the ash quality, and melting point with regard to DIN EN ISO norms. The results showed highest total dry biomass yields of max. 25 t ha⁻¹, whereas the highest dry matter of 70% to 80% was obtained at the end of the growing period. Scenario (i) clearly indicated the highest energy recovery, accounting for 439 288 MJ ha⁻¹; the energy recovery of the four scenarios from highest to lowest followed this order: (i) ≫ (iii) ≫ (iv) > (ii). Analysis of the Sida ashes showed a high melting point of >1500 °C, associated with a net calorific value of 16.5–17.2 MJ kg⁻¹. All prerequisites for DIN EN ISO norms were achieved, indicating Sida's advantage as a solid energy carrier without any post-treatment after harvesting. Cell wall analysis of the stems showed a constant lignin content after sampling week 16 (July), whereas cellulose had already reached a plateau in sampling week 4 (April). The results highlight Sida as a promising woody, perennial plant, providing biomass for flexible and multipurpose energy applications.
E0 transitions in 106Pd studied by neutron capture / G. G. Colvin ; F. Hoyler ; S. J. Robinson
(1987)
Innovative breeds of sugar cane yield up to 2.5 times as much organic matter as conventional breeds, resulting in a great potential for biogas production. The use of biogas production as a complementary solution to conventional and second-generation ethanol production in Brazil may increase the energy produced per hectare in the sugarcane sector. Herein, it was demonstrated that through ensiling, energy cane can be conserved for six months; the stored cane can then be fed into a continuous biogas process. This approach is necessary to achieve year-round biogas production at an industrial scale. Batch tests revealed specific biogas potentials between 400 and 600 LN/kgVS for both the ensiled and non-ensiled energy cane, and the specific biogas potential of a continuous biogas process fed with ensiled energy cane was in the same range. Peak biogas losses through ensiling of up to 27% after six months were observed. Finally, compared with second-generation ethanol production using energy cane, the results indicated that biogas production from energy cane may lead to higher energy yields per hectare, with an average energy yield of up to 162 MWh/ha. Finally, the Farm²CBG concept is introduced, showing an approach for decentralized biogas production.
The increasing share of renewable electricity in the grid drives the need for sufficient storage capacity. Especially for seasonal storage, power-to-gas can be a promising approach. Biologically produced methane from hydrogen produced from surplus electricity can be used to substitute natural gas in the existing infrastructure. Current reactor types are not or are poorly optimized for flexible methanation. Therefore, this work proposes a new reactor type with a plug flow reactor (PFR) design. Simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics ® showed promising properties for operation in laminar flow. An experiment was conducted to support the simulation results and to determine the gas fraction of the novel reactor, which was measured to be 29%. Based on these simulations and experimental results, the reactor was constructed as a 14 m long, 50 mm diameter tube with a meandering orientation. Data processing was established, and a step experiment was performed. In addition, a kLa of 1 h−1 was determined. The results revealed that the experimental outcomes of the type of flow and gas fractions are in line with the theoretical simulation. The new design shows promising properties for flexible methanation and will be tested.
Concentrating solar power
(2022)
The focus of this chapter is the production of power and the use of the heat produced from concentrated solar thermal power (CSP) systems.
The chapter starts with the general theoretical principles of concentrating systems including the description of the concentration ratio, the energy and mass balance. The power conversion systems is the main part where solar-only operation and the increase in operational hours.
Solar-only operation include the use of steam turbines, gas turbines, organic Rankine cycles and solar dishes. The operational hours can be increased with hybridization and with storage.
Another important topic is the cogeneration where solar cooling, desalination and of heat usage is described.
Many examples of commercial CSP power plants as well as research facilities from the past as well as current installed and in operation are described in detail.
The chapter closes with economic and environmental aspects and with the future potential of the development of CSP around the world.
Concentrating Solar Power
(2021)
The focus of this chapter is the production of power and the use of the heat produced from concentrated solar thermal power (CSP) systems.
The chapter starts with the general theoretical principles of concentrating systems including the description of the concentration ratio, the energy and mass balance. The power conversion systems is the main part where solar-only operation and the increase in operational hours.
Solar-only operation include the use of steam turbines, gas turbines, organic Rankine cycles and solar dishes. The operational hours can be increased with hybridization and with storage.
Another important topic is the cogeneration where solar cooling, desalination and of heat usage is described.
Many examples of commercial CSP power plants as well as research facilities from the past as well as current installed and in operation are described in detail.
The chapter closes with economic and environmental aspects and with the future potential of the development of CSP around the world.
Solar thermal concentrated power is an emerging technology that provides clean electricity for the growing energy market. To the solar thermal concentrated power plant systems belong the parabolic trough, the Fresnel collector, the solar dish, and the central receiver system.
For high-concentration solar collector systems, optical and thermal analysis is essential. There exist a number of measurement techniques and systems for the optical and thermal characterization of the efficiency of solar thermal concentrated systems.
For each system, structure, components, and specific characteristics types are described. The chapter presents additionally an outline for the calculation of system performance and operation and maintenance topics. One main focus is set to the models of components and their construction details as well as different types on the market. In the later part of this article, different criteria for the choice of technology are analyzed in detail.
Industrial production systems are facing radical change in multiple dimensions. This change is caused by technological developments and the digital transformation of production, as well as the call for political and social change to facilitate a transformation toward sustainability. These changes affect both the capabilities of production systems and companies and the design of higher education and educational programs. Given the high uncertainty in the likelihood of occurrence and the technical, economic, and societal impacts of these concepts, we conducted a technology foresight study, in the form of a real-time Delphi analysis, to derive reliable future scenarios featuring the next generation of manufacturing systems. This chapter presents the capabilities dimension and describes each projection in detail, offering current case study examples and discussing related research, as well as implications for policy makers and firms. Specifically, we discuss the benefits of capturing expert knowledge and making it accessible to newcomers, especially in highly specialized industries. The experts argue that in order to cope with the challenges and circumstances of today’s world, students must already during their education at university learn how to work with AI and other technologies. This means that study programs must change and that universities must adapt their structural aspects to meet the needs of the students.
The book covers various numerical field simulation methods, nonlinear circuit technology and its MF-S- and X-parameters, as well as state-of-the-art power amplifier techniques. It also describes newly presented oscillators and the emerging field of GHz plasma technology. Furthermore, it addresses aspects such as waveguides, mixers, phase-locked loops, antennas, and propagation effects, in combination with the bachelor's book 'High-Frequency Engineering,' encompassing all aspects related to the current state of GHz technology.
Speicher statt Kohle. Integration thermischer Stromspeicher in vorhandene Kraftwerksstandorte
(2019)
Cross sections for neutron-induced reactions of short-lived nuclei are essential for nuclear astrophysics since these reactions in the stars are responsible for the production of most heavy elements in the universe. These reactions are also key in applied domains like energy production and medicine. Nevertheless, neutron-induced cross-section measurements can be extremely challenging or even impossible to perform due to the radioactivity of the targets involved. Indirect measurements through the surrogate-reaction method can help to overcome these difficulties.
The surrogate-reaction method relies on the use of an alternative reaction that will lead to the formation of the same excited nucleus as in the neutron-induced reaction of interest. The decay probabilities (for fission, neutron and gamma-ray emission) of the nucleus produced via the surrogate reaction allow one to constrain models and the prediction of the desired neutron cross sections.
We propose to perform surrogate reaction measurements in inverse kinematics at heavy-ion storage rings, in particular at the CRYRING@ESR of the GSI/FAIR facility. We present the conceptual idea of the most promising setup to measure for the first time simultaneously the fission, neutron and gamma-ray emission probabilities. The results of the first simulations considering the 238U(d,d') reaction are shown, as well as new technical developments that are being carried out towards this set-up.
Fast and Automated Testing of Different Air Filter Media / Mölter, W. ; Helsper, C. ; Kaminski, S.
(1989)
Fast and Automated Testing of Different Air Filter Media / Mölter, W. ; Helsper, C. ; Kaminski, S.
(1989)