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- ε-lysine acylase (1)
Der Temperaturanstieg der vergangenen Jahrzehnte war in Gebirgsregionen besonders ausgeprägt. Sollte sich dieser Temperaturtrend im 21. Jahrhundert fortsetzen, dann dürf-ten sich auch die Häufigkeit und Intensität von Niederschlä-gen und Trockenperioden verändern, was die Waldwirtschaft vor grosse Herausforderungen stellen wird. Trockenheit ist ein entscheidender Faktor für die Waldökosysteme der inner-alpinen Täler, wo seit Jahren trockenheitsbedingtes Baum-sterben festgestellt wird. Der vorliegende Beitrag hat zum Ziel, die Sensitivität der verschiedenen Waldökosysteme ge-genüber Klimawandel und alternative, teilweise extreme Bewirtschaftungsvarianten in der Region Visp zu testen. Me-thodische Ansätze wie Monitoring, Feldexperimente und dy-namische Modellierung wurden kombiniert, und es wurden verschiedene Ökosystemleistungen berücksichtigt, so Holz-produktion, Schutz vor Naturgefahren, Kohlenstoffspeiche-rung und Aspekte der Biodiversität. Die Resultate deuten da-rauf hin, dass auf den Trockenstandorten der Tieflagen die einheimischen Baumarten an ihre physiologischen Grenzen stossen und längerfristig über alternative Baumarten nach-gedacht werden sollte. In den mittleren Lagen dürften Tro-ckenheit und Schadinsekten wie die Borkenkäfer die zukünf-tige Waldentwicklung steuern. In den Hochlagen hingegen werden sich die Wälder ausdehnen und besser wachsen als heute. Alle untersuchten Ökosystemleistungen werden ge-bietsweise starken Veränderungen unterworfen sein. Die dis-kutierten Bewirtschaftungsvarianten scheinen dazu geeignet, die Wasserverfügbarkeit der Bestände, hauptsächlich in tief-eren Lagen, zu erhöhen und dadurch die Widerstandskraft der Bäume gegenüber Trockenperioden vorübergehend zu stärken. Es ist aber davon ausgehen, dass nur verhältnismäs-sig starke Eingriffe wesentliche Effekte erzielen können. Die Verknüpfung von Umweltmonitoring, Feldexperimenten und Modellierung unter Miteinbezug von Ökosystemleistungen ist vielversprechend, da sie eine differenzierte Abschätzung des zukünftigen Landschaftswandels und seiner Effekte auf die Waldleistungen ermöglicht.
Im Jahr 2015 wurden in Deutschland über drei Millionen Benzinautos und lediglich 12.363 Elektroautos neu zugelassen. Das ursprünglich von der Bundesregierung vorgegebene Ziel, dass bis 2020 eine Million E-Autos auf deutschen Straßen fahren (und bis 2030 sechs Millionen), rückt damit in immer weitere Ferne. Um das Ziel dennoch zu erreichen, plant die Bundesregierung nun eine staatliche Prämie für den Kauf von Elektroautos: Umwelt-, Verkehrs- und Wirtschaftsministerium haben gemeinsam ein Konzept entworfen, dem zufolge private Käufer zukünftig einen Zuschuss von 5.000 Euro beim Erwerb eines Elektroautos bekommen sollen. 40 Prozent dieses Zuschusses soll von den Autoherstellern getragen werden. Das Programm, das weitere ausgabenwirksame öffentliche Maßnahmen vorsieht, würde Kosten in Milliardenhöhe verursachen. Die beabsichtigte Subventionierung wirft die Frage auf, ob diese wirtschaftlich sinnvoll sind.
Wasserwirtschaft
(2004)
Wasserwirtschaft
(1996)
Wasserwirtschaft
(1998)
Wasserwirtschaft
(1994)
Weak Representation of the Cumulative Hazard Function under Semiparametric Random Censorship Models
(2001)
Welcome to the training: Actionist Respoke interaktiv by Michael Jonoschek und Rüdiger Schlömer
(2002)
Werbung mit Garantien
(2011)
Eye movement modelling examples (EMME) are instructional videos that display a
teacher’s eye movements as “gaze cursor” (e.g. a moving dot) superimposed on the
learning task. This study investigated if previous findings on the beneficial effects of EMME would extend to online lecture videos and compared the effects of displaying the teacher’s gaze cursor with displaying the more traditional mouse cursor as a tool to guide learners’ attention. Novices (N = 124) studied a pre-recorded video lecture on how to model business processes in a 2 (mouse cursor absent/present) × 2 (gaze cursor absent/present) between-subjects design. Unexpectedly, we did not find significant effects of the presence of gaze or mouse cursors on mental effort and learning. However, participants who watched videos with the gaze cursor found it easier to follow the teacher. Overall, participants responded positively to the gaze cursor, especially when the mouse cursor was not displayed in the video.
Several species of (poly)saccharides and organic acids can be found often simultaneously in various biological matrices, e.g., fruits, plant materials, and biological fluids. The analysis of such matrices sometimes represents a challenging task. Using Aloe vera (A. vera) plant materials as an example, the performance of several spectro-scopic methods (80 MHz benchtop NMR, NIR, ATR-FTIR and UV–vis) for the simultaneous analysis of quality parameters of this plant material was compared. The determined parameters include (poly)saccharides such as aloverose, fructose and glucose as well as organic acids (malic, lactic, citric, isocitric, acetic, fumaric, benzoic and sorbic acids). 500 MHz NMR and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used as the reference methods.
UV–vis data can be used only for identification of added preservatives (benzoic and sorbic acids) and drying agent (maltodextrin) and semiquantitative analysis of malic acid. NIR and MIR spectroscopies combined with multivariate regression can deliver more informative overview of A. vera extracts being able to additionally quantify glucose, aloverose, citric, isocitric, malic, lactic acids and fructose. Low-field NMR measurements can be used for the quantification of aloverose, glucose, malic, lactic, acetic, and benzoic acids. The benchtop NMR method was successfully validated in terms of robustness, stability, precision, reproducibility and limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), respectively. All spectroscopic techniques are useful for the screening of (poly)saccharides and organic acids in plant extracts and should be applied according to its availability as well as information and confidence required for the specific analytical goal. Benchtop NMR spectroscopy seems to be the most feasible solution for quality control of A. vera products.
Robots are widely used as a vehicle to spark interest in science and technology in learners. A number of initiatives focus on this issue, for instance, the Roberta Initiative, the FIRST Lego League, the World Robot Olympiad and RoboCup Junior. Robotic competitions are valuable not only for school learners but also for university students, as the RoboCup initiative shows. Besides technical skills, the students get some project exposure and experience what it means to finish their tasks on time. But qualifying students for future high-tech areas should not only be for students from developed countries. In this article, we present our experiences with research and education in robotics within the RoboCup initiative, in Germany and South Africa; we report on our experiences with trying to get the RoboCup initiative in South Africa going. RoboCup has a huge support base of academic institutions in Germany; this is not the case in South Africa. We present our ‘north–south’ collaboration initiatives in RoboCup between Germany and South Africa and discuss some of the reasons why we think it is harder to run RoboCup in South Africa.
Im Anschluss an die arbeitsrechtlichen Jahresübersichten der vergangenen Jahre (NWB 5/2019 S. 266; NWB 8/2020 S. 557) gibt der nachfolgende Beitrag einen Überblick über relevante Entwicklungen im Arbeitsrecht des Jahres 2020. Der erste Teil beschäftigt sich hierbei mit gesetzlichen Änderungen. Neben Regelungen, die auf die COVID-19-Pandemie zurückgeführt werden können, hat der Gesetzgeber auch andere Vorhaben umgesetzt. So wurde u. a. das Arbeitnehmerentsenderecht reformiert. Für Diskussionen sorgt(e) zudem das Gesetzesvorhaben zur Regelung mobiler Arbeit. Im zweiten Teil werden für die Praxis wichtige höchstrichterliche Gerichtsentscheidungen zum Arbeitsrecht erläutert, alphabetisch sortiert von A (wie Antidiskriminierungsrecht) bis U (wie Urlaub).
Wie national ist die Germanistik? Die Scheu der Literaturwissenschaft vor der eigenen Vergangenheit
(1993)
Wilhelm Schürmann
(1976)
Geboren 1946, lebt und arbeitet in Aachen. Studium der Chemie an der Technischen Hochschule Aachen. Danach als freiberuflicher Photograph tätig für verschiedene Tageszeitungen. Seit 1972 Lehrer für Photographie am Reiff Museum der TH-Aachen, Institut für Architektur. Seit 1973 Dozent für Photographie an der Volkshochschule Aachen. Ende 1973 Gründung der Galerie Lichttropfen in Aachen. Organisator zahlreicher Ausstellungen historischer und zeitgenössischer Photographie im In- und Ausland.
Wind is closely associated with the discussion of fairness in ski jumping. To counter-act its influence on the jump length, the International Ski Federation (FIS) has introduced a wind compensation approach. We applied three differently accurate computer models of the flight phase with wind (M1, M2, and M3) to study the jump length effects of various wind scenarios. The previously used model M1 is accurate for wind blowing in direction of the flight path, but inaccuracies are to be expected for wind directions deviating from the tangent to the flight path. M2 considers the change of airflow direction, but it does not consider the associated change in the angle of attack of the skis which additionally modifies drag and lift area time functions. M3 predicts the length effect for all wind directions within the plane of the flight trajectory without any mathematical simplification. Prediction errors of M3 are determined only by the quality of the input data: wind velocity, drag and lift area functions, take-off velocity, and weight. For comparing the three models, drag and lift area functions of an optimized reference jump were used. Results obtained with M2, which is much easier to handle than M3, did not deviate noticeably when compared to predictions of the reference model M3. Therefore, we suggest to use M2 in future applications. A comparison of M2 predictions with the FIS wind compensation system showed substantial discrepancies, for instance: in the first flight phase, tailwind can increase jump length, and headwind can decrease it; this is opposite of what had been anticipated before and is not considered in the current wind compensation system in ski jumping.
This paper analyzes the drag characteristics of several landing gear and turret configurations that are representative of unmanned aircraft tricycle landing gears and sensor turrets. A variety of these components were constructed via 3D-printing and analyzed in a wind-tunnel measurement campaign. Both turrets and landing gears were attached to a modular fuselage that supported both isolated components and multiple components at a time. Selected cases were numerically investigated with a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes approach that showed good accuracy when compared to wind-tunnel data. The drag of main gear struts could be significantly reduced via streamlining their cross-sectional shape and keeping load carrying capabilities similar. The attachment of wheels introduced interference effects that increased strut drag moderately but significantly increased wheel drag compared to isolated cases. Very similar behavior was identified for front landing gears. The drag of an electro-optical and infrared sensor turret was found to be much higher than compared to available data of a clean hemisphere-cylinder combination. This turret drag was merely influenced by geometrical features like sensor surfaces and the rotational mechanism. The new data of this study is used to develop simple drag estimation recommendations for main and front landing gear struts and wheels as well as sensor turrets. These recommendations take geometrical considerations and interference effects into account.
It is investigated whether a nonrotating lifting fan remaining uncovered during cruise flight, as opposed to being covered by a shutter system, can be realized with limited additional drag and loss of lift during cruise flight. A wind-tunnel study of a wing-embedded lifting fan has been conducted at the Side Wind Test Facility Göttingen of DLR, German Aerospace Center in Göttingen using force, pressure, and stereoscopic particle image velocimetry techniques. The study showed that a step on the lower side of the wing in front of the lifting fan duct increases the lift-to-drag ratio of the whole model by up to 25% for all positive angles of attack. Different sizes and inclinations of the step had limited influence on the surface pressure distribution. The data indicate that these parameters can be optimized to maximize the lift-to-drag ratio. A doubling of the curvature radius of the lifting fan duct inlet lip on the upper side of the wing affected the lift-to-drag ratio by less than 1%. The lifting fan duct inlet curvature can therefore be optimized to maximize the vertical fan thrust of the rotating lifting fan during hovering without affecting the cruise flight performance with a nonrotating fan.
Wireless CAN
(2018)
In modernen elektronischen und mechatronischen Systemen, z. B. im industriellen oder automobil Bereich, kommunizieren eingebettete Steuergeräte und Sensoren vielfach über Bussysteme wie CAN oder LIN. Die Kommunikation findet in der Regel drahtgebunden statt, so dass der Kabelbaum für die Kommunikation sehr groß werden kann. Daher ist es naheliegend, Leitungen und dazugehörige Stecker, z. B. für nicht-sicherheitskritische Komfortsysteme, einzusparen und diese durch gerichtete Funkstrecken für kurze Entfernungen zu ersetzen. Somit könnten Komponenten wie ECUs oder Sensoren kabel- und steckerlos in ein Bussystem integriert werden. Zudem ist eine einfache galvanische und mechanische Trennung zu erreichen. Funkübertragung wird bei diesen Bussystemen derzeit nicht eingesetzt, da insbesondere die Echtzeitfähigkeit und die Robustheit der vorhandenen Funksysteme nicht den Anforderungen der Anwendungen entspricht. Zudem sind bestehende Funksysteme wie WLAN oder Bluetooth im Vergleich zur konventionellen Verkabelung teuer und es besteht hierbei die Möglichkeit, dass sie ausspioniert werden können und so sensible Daten entwendet werden können. In dieser Arbeit wird eine alternative Realisierung zu den bestehenden Funksystemen vorgestellt, die aus wenigen Komponenten aufzubauen ist. Es ist eine protokolllose, echtzeitfähige Übertragung möglich und somit die transparente Integration in ein Bussystem wie CAN.
Das Ziel des Deutschen Corporate Governance Kodex (DCGK) besteht in der Verbesserung der Transparenz und Qualität der deutschen Corporate Governance, wobei die Sanktionierung der Nichteinhaltung des DCGK einzig durch etwaige Kapitalmarktreaktionen erfolgt. Folgende Befunde sprechen jedoch dafür, dass durch die Abgabe der Entsprechenserklärung gem. § 161 AktG die für das Enforcement des Kodex angenommene Selbstregulierung durch den Kapitalmarkt nicht stattfindet, und demnach Verbesserungsbedarf besteht
Wohnen als neue soziale Frage ist mehr als die Produktion neuer Formen von Wohnen und deren architektonischer Gestalt, und auch mehr als nur die Umsetzung sich verändernder, jedoch individuell formulierter Wohnwünsche. Sie spannt sich auf zwischen gesellschafts- und nachhaltigkeitspolitischen, hardcore-kapitalistischen und globalen Rahmenbedingungen, Hardware und Software, Individuum und Gemeinwohl, Konsum und Mitgestaltung. Entscheidend sind die Akteure und die Art und Weise, wie und nach welchen Maßstäben sie handeln. Entscheidend ist aber auch, Wohnen sowohl kontextuell wie auch programmatisch neu zu denken und dadurch zu neuen Mischungen, Nachbarschaften und Bewertungskriterien einer Projekt- und Stadtentwicklung zu kommen, die mehr als die Summe seiner Einzelteile wollen – ein gutes Leben für Alle abseits der Frage des Geldbeutels und der sozialen Zugehörigkeit.
Wohnungseigentümergemeinschaft - Einstimmigkeitserfordernis bei Errichtung einer Mobilfunkantenne
(2014)
Der BGH (BGH v. 25.1.2014 – V ZR 48/13, MDR 2014, 399) hatte darüber zu befinden, ob auf dem Dach eines Hauses, das im Eigentum einer Wohnungseigentümergemeinschaft steht, auch gegen den Willen eines einzelnen Eigentümers eine Mobilfunkantenne angebracht werden kann. Das Urteil führt in das Spannungsfeld einer Abwägung zwischen Mehrheits- und Individualinteressen innerhalb einer WEG. Insoweit betont der BGH den grundsätzlichen Vorrang der Individualinteressen, jedenfalls soweit es um Beeinträchtigungen geht, die verständlicherweise von einem Eigentümer abgelehnt werden können. Der BGH verlangt im Ergebnis im Zweifel eine allseitige Zustimmung. Das Urteil ist zu begrüßen, lässt aber für die Zukunft Abgrenzungsfragen offen.
The carbonized rice husk (CRH) was evaluated for its wound healing activity in rats using excision models. In this study, the influences of CRH on wound healing in rat skin in vivo and cellular behavior of human dermal fibroblasts in vitro were investigated. The obtained results showed that the CRH treatment promoted wound epithelization in rats and exhibited moderate inhibition of cell proliferation in vitro. CRH with lanolin oil treated wounds were found to epithelize faster as compared to controls.