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„Smartes“ Laden an öffentlich zugänglichen Ladesäulen – Teil 2: USER-Verhalten und -Erwartungen
(2021)
Zwei sind eine Gemeinschaft: Illustrative Neuinterpretation des Romans "Eine Insel" von T. Pratchett
(2021)
Das Projekt „Zwei sind eine Gemeinschaft“ befasst sich mit der Entwicklung einer gebundenen Fassung der Graphic Novel als Adaption des Kinderromans „Eine Insel“ von Terry Pratchett. Diese soll den Betrachtenden ermöglichen, mittels ansprechenden Illustrationen tiefer in die fantasievolle Welt der Geschichte einzutauchen, dem Alltag zu entfliehen und so die Begeisterung zum Medium Buch wieder aufleben zu lassen. Durch die Verbindung von Techniken des Grafikdesigns und der klassischen Illustration verbindet der Stil sowohl die moderne, ausdrucksstarke und sehr grafische Bildsprache mit der Eigenschaft, kreativen Interpretationsspielraum zu lassen und tiefe Emotionen zu erzeugen. Die besondere Innovation des Projekts zeigt sich durch das Konzept des illustrativen Baukastensystems, welches ermöglicht, die einzelnen Illustrationen effizient und intuitiv zu gestalten.
Artenvielfalt erforschen und erklären – So lautet der Leitsatz des Bonner Forschungsmuseums. Durch inszenierte Lebensräume sowie beeindruckende sammlungsbasierte Ausstellungen werden komplexe biologische Phänomene erklärt und die Biodiversitätsforschung für ein breites Publikum zugänglich gemacht. Dabei wird das übergeordnete Ziel verfolgt, das Interesse der Allgemeinheit an zoologischer Wissenschaft zu wecken.
Das neue Erscheinungsbild schafft Wiedererkennbarkeit und positioniert das Museum als wissenschaftliche Institution. Dabei stellt die Verknüpfung des Forschungsaspektes und der Artenvielfalt die Basis der Gestaltung dar und kommuniziert die wesentlichen Inhalte. Zudem sorgt ein medienübergreifendes Ordnungssystem für eine bessere Übersicht und erleichtert den Zugang zu komplexen Inhalten. So erhält das Museum eine spannendere, attraktivere Wirkung nach Außen und eine bessere Orientierung im Inneren.
Das Ziel des Konzeptes ist eine virtuelle personalisierte „Zeitreise“ für die Besucher*innen zu gestalten.
Die Ausstellung lässt die Besucher*innen in ein vergangenes Zeitszenario eintauchen. Sie erleben und erkunden mit Hilfe von Computertechniken historische Ereignisse, während sie gleichzeitig nützliches Wissen vermittelt bekommen.
Die Ausstellung besteht aus einer inszenierten interaktiven Raum-Installation mit 360 Grad Projektionen. Das 360 Grad Panorama erlaubt den Besucher*innen eine neue Art der Wahrnehmung von historischen Ereignissen. Alle Besucher*innen bekommen zu Beginn der Tour ein Smart Device (Tablet) mit einem vor installierten Benutzer Guide ausgehändigt. Die Anwendungen sind Schritt für Schritt im Guide veranschaulicht und leicht anzuwenden. Sprachen, Schriften, Display Größen können jederzeit geändert und Hilfe angefordert werden. Damit wird die Ausstellung barrierefrei.
Mit Hilfe des neuen Benutzer Guides Systems sind alle Besucher*innen in der Lage vor der Tour eine kurze „Personalisierung“ durchzuführen. Somit wird auf Basis der Interessenfelder eine individuelle „Zeitreise „ ermöglicht.
Die dargestellten Szenarien können u.a. zwischen den historischen Maya Tempelruinen, Pyramiden, historischen Mythen, wie dem legendären Bernsteinzimmer variieren. Mit diesem Konzept ist es möglich, längst vergessene und zerstörte Zeitszenarien zu rekonstruieren und diese mit Hilfe von Virtual Reality- und Augmented Reality Elementen interaktiv zu gestalten.
Die Zeit befindet sich im ständigen Wandel. Mit ihr verbindet man Zukunft, Vergangenheit und Gegenwart. Letzteres prägt das jetzige Dasein. Der Zeitwandel ist ein Prozess, über den wir uns meist erst nach Jahren bewusstwerden. Besonders, wenn man das Dorf, in welchem man aufgewachsen ist, näher betrachtet, fällt einem auf, was sich im Laufe der Jahre architektonisch oder infrastrukturell verändert hat. So stellt sich die Frage, wie das Dorf im letzten Jahrhundert ausgesehen hat. Wie sah es vor, während und nach den beiden Weltkriegen aus? Wie war das Dorfleben in der Zwischenkriegszeit? Was hat sich im letzten Jahrhundert verändert? Diese Arbeit zeigt den Wandel der Zeit, kombiniert aus Vergangenheit und Gegenwart. Damalige Aufnahmeorte wurden erneut aufgesucht, die Fotos aus der gleichen Position wurden neu abgelichtet und miteinander kombiniert.
Yocu ist ein Konzept für den Gesundheitssektor, dass unter der Betrachtung der relevanten Trends und der Researchergebnisse den Therapieansatz des „Schröpfen“ in einen neuen modernen Kontext setzt, dabei aber die Vorteile der traditionellen Heilkunst nicht außer Acht lässt. Es handelt sich um ein Therapieprodukt für fasziale Verklebungen und Muskel-Skelett-Erkrankungen.
Mit Yocu bekommen Nutzer die Möglichkeit, sich selbst erfolgreich präventiv oder bei Beschwerden zu behandeln. Das könnte nicht nur die körperliche Gesundheit fördern, sondern auch das Gespür für den eigenen Körper. Seine körperlichen Bedürfnisse besser einschätzen zu können und in der Lage zu sein, diese zu erfüllen, stellt das Ziel des Konzepts dar.
Mit dem gewählten „Healthtech“ Ansatz soll der Zugang zur Selbsttherapie für Laien ermöglicht werden. Zusätzlich könnte das Konzept die Arbeit für Physiotherapeut:innen und Fitnesstrainer:innen erleichtern. Durch die Symbiose eines elektronischen Therapieproduktes mit einer Anwendungsapp ist die Behandlung punktgenau steuerbar und basiert nicht mehr ausschließlich auf Gefühl oder Erfahrung. Durch die Einsicht aller wichtigen Parameter, wird das Verständnis der Therapiemethode gefördert und Vertrauen hinsichtlich des Produkts geschaffen.
Dieses Lehrbuch vermittelt die Grundlagen der Wärmeübertragung sowie den Umgang mit EXCEL-VBA von der Erstellung von Makros bis zu benutzerdefinierten Funktionen. Es legt damit eine Basis für die schnelle und professionelle Durchführung von Berechnungen und Simulationen. Die angeleitete Erstellung von Berechnungsmodulen mit EXCEL und VBA aus allen wichtigen Bereichen der Wärmeübertragung bildet den inhaltlichen Schwerpunkt. Dazu zählen die stationäre Wärmeleitung und der stationäre Wärmedurchgang, die instationäre Wärmeleitung, der Wärmeübergang bei freier und erzwungener Konvektion sowie die Wärmestrahlung und der Wärmeübergang beim Kondensieren und Sieden. Soweit sinnvoll und möglich werden die Stoffwertekorrelationen und die Berechnungsvorschriften aus dem VDI-Wärmeatlas verwendet. Für ausgewählte Anwendungen werden zudem komplexere Auslegungen und Simulationen von Prozessen der Wärmeübertragung sowie von Wärmeübertragern erstellt. Die Zielgruppen: Studierende in Bachelor- und Masterstudiengängen, Praktiker im Engineering
Project work and inter disciplinarity are integral parts of today's engineering work. It is therefore important to incorporate these aspects into the curriculum of academic studies of engineering. At the faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology an interdisciplinary project is part of the bachelor program to address these topics. Since the summer term 2020 most courses changed to online mode during the Covid-19 crisis including the interdisciplinary projects. This online mode introduces additional challenges to the execution of the projects, both for the students as well as for the lecture. The challenges, but also the risks and chances of this kind of project courses are subject of this paper, based on five different interdisciplinary projects
Wohnen als neue soziale Frage ist mehr als die Produktion neuer Formen von Wohnen und deren architektonischer Gestalt, und auch mehr als nur die Umsetzung sich verändernder, jedoch individuell formulierter Wohnwünsche. Sie spannt sich auf zwischen gesellschafts- und nachhaltigkeitspolitischen, hardcore-kapitalistischen und globalen Rahmenbedingungen, Hardware und Software, Individuum und Gemeinwohl, Konsum und Mitgestaltung. Entscheidend sind die Akteure und die Art und Weise, wie und nach welchen Maßstäben sie handeln. Entscheidend ist aber auch, Wohnen sowohl kontextuell wie auch programmatisch neu zu denken und dadurch zu neuen Mischungen, Nachbarschaften und Bewertungskriterien einer Projekt- und Stadtentwicklung zu kommen, die mehr als die Summe seiner Einzelteile wollen – ein gutes Leben für Alle abseits der Frage des Geldbeutels und der sozialen Zugehörigkeit.
Im Anschluss an die arbeitsrechtlichen Jahresübersichten der vergangenen Jahre (NWB 5/2019 S. 266; NWB 8/2020 S. 557) gibt der nachfolgende Beitrag einen Überblick über relevante Entwicklungen im Arbeitsrecht des Jahres 2020. Der erste Teil beschäftigt sich hierbei mit gesetzlichen Änderungen. Neben Regelungen, die auf die COVID-19-Pandemie zurückgeführt werden können, hat der Gesetzgeber auch andere Vorhaben umgesetzt. So wurde u. a. das Arbeitnehmerentsenderecht reformiert. Für Diskussionen sorgt(e) zudem das Gesetzesvorhaben zur Regelung mobiler Arbeit. Im zweiten Teil werden für die Praxis wichtige höchstrichterliche Gerichtsentscheidungen zum Arbeitsrecht erläutert, alphabetisch sortiert von A (wie Antidiskriminierungsrecht) bis U (wie Urlaub).
Wald im Wandel
(2021)
Die Arbeit „Wald im Wandel“ beschäftigt sich mit dem derzeitigen Zustand des Waldes in Deutschland und seiner kulturhistorischen Bedeutung. Im dazugehörigen Kurzfilm sieht man Aufnahmen der menschlichen Einflussnahme auf den Wald. Diese wurden mit „waldromantischen“ Motiven umgestaltet.
Die Kraft „waldromantischer“ Bilder ist so überzeugend, dass hieraus Überlegungen zu einer klimapolitischen Kampagne entstanden sind. Diese sind auf einer Informations-Webpage mit dem Titel „Projekt: Wald im Wandel“ nachzulesen.
Die Arbeit schlägt eine Brücke vom kulturhistorischen Symbol „deutscher Wald“ hin zur Gegenwart - und dem Wald in Deutschland als einem potenziellen klimapolitischen Symbol.
Venus und Mars
(2021)
Venus und Mars - Mann und Frau. Ein binäres System, welches heutzutage einer ständigen Hinterfragung ausgesetzt ist. Woraus entstand dieses System und wie manipulativ ist das Geschlecht wirklich? Die Pionierwerke der Gender Studies/Queer Studies zeigten auf, dass jeder Mensch sein Geschlecht durch das Imitieren von sozial-gesellschaftlich festgelegten Normen und Werten bildet. Drag-Künstler*innen leben diesen Prozess in einer visuellen Form vor, indem sie Geschlechternormen aufgreifen und sie unabhängig vom biologischen Geschlecht der Darstellenden inszenieren, imitieren, parodieren und neu zusammensetzen. Jede Performance auf den Fotografien greift ebenfalls vorhandene Vorstellungen von Geschlecht auf und interpretiert sie neu: denn Drag kennt kein Original, genauso wenig wie das Geschlecht.
Geochemical characterisation of hypersaline waters is difficult as high concentrations of salts hinder the analysis of constituents at low concentrations, such as trace metals, and the collection of samples for trace metal analysis in natural waters can be easily contaminated. This is particularly the case if samples are collected by non-conventional techniques such as those required for aquatic subglacial environments. In this paper we present the first analysis of a subglacial brine from Taylor Valley, (~ 78°S), Antarctica for the trace metals: Ba, Co, Mo, Rb, Sr, V, and U. Samples were collected englacially using an electrothermal melting probe called the IceMole. This probe uses differential heating of a copper head as well as the probe’s sidewalls and an ice screw at the melting head to move through glacier ice. Detailed blanks, meltwater, and subglacial brine samples were collected to evaluate the impact of the IceMole and the borehole pump, the melting and collection process, filtration, and storage on the geochemistry of the samples collected by this device. Comparisons between melt water profiles through the glacier ice and blank analysis, with published studies on ice geochemistry, suggest the potential for minor contributions of some species Rb, As, Co, Mn, Ni, NH4+, and NO2−+NO3− from the IceMole. The ability to conduct detailed chemical analyses of subglacial fluids collected with melting probes is critical for the future exploration of the hundreds of deep subglacial lakes in Antarctica.
Component failures within water supply systems can lead to significant performance losses. One way to address these losses is the explicit anticipation of failures within the design process. We consider a water supply system for high-rise buildings, where pump failures are the most likely failure scenarios. We explicitly consider these failures within an early design stage which leads to a more resilient system, i.e., a system which is able to operate under a predefined number of arbitrary pump failures. We use a mathematical optimization approach to compute such a resilient design. This is based on a multi-stage model for topology optimization, which can be described by a system of nonlinear inequalities and integrality constraints. Such a model has to be both computationally tractable and to represent the real-world system accurately. We therefore validate the algorithmic solutions using experiments on a scaled test rig for high-rise buildings. The test rig allows for an arbitrary connection of pumps to reproduce scaled versions of booster station designs for high-rise buildings. We experimentally verify the applicability of the presented optimization model and that the proposed resilience properties are also fulfilled in real systems.
UN|SEEN
(2021)
Innerhalb der Bundeswehr erleiden einige Soldaten während ihrer Berufsausübung oder in Einsätzen eine posttraumatische Belastungsstörung (PTBS). Über sie als Menschen und über ihren Alltag mit der Erkrankung wird kaum gesprochen. Es ist wichtig, diesem Tabuthema entgegenzutreten, sodass in der Gesellschaft die Betroffenen verstanden, akzeptiert und angenommen werden. Die Arbeit „UN|SEEN“ setzt sich mit dieser schwierigen Thematik und den Menschen wie auch ihrer Geschichte und ihrem Leben auseinander. Im Fotobuch sind hierfür verschiedene an PTBS erkrankte Soldaten im Alltag fotografisch begleitet und interviewt wurden. Ebenso sind Fotos aus deren Bundeswehrzeit und aus Einsätzen im Buch eingebaut, welche als „Flashbacks“ dienen. „UN|SEEN“ soll den Betrachter mit diesem Thema konfrontieren, eine neue Sichtweise eröffnen und zum Handeln anregen.
Ukiyo kommt aus dem Japanischen und bedeutet übersetzt so viel wie: „Den Moment leben, ohne von den Sorgen des Lebens berührt zu werden.“ Gerade in Zeiten der Pandemie verliert man oft den Blick für das Schöne im Leben. Der Fotoband „UKIYO“ soll dazu anregen, alltägliche Dinge aus einem neuen Blickwinkel zu betrachten und die Schönheit im Vergänglichen zu erkennen. Die Fotografien sind inspiriert durch das japanische Kunstgenre Ukiyo-e, was wörtlich übersetzt etwa „Bilder der heiteren, fließenden Welt“ heißt. Die Gestaltung des Bildbandes orientiert sich an verschiedenen japanischen Stilmitteln, wie zum Beispiel Wabi-Sabi (die Schönheit im Unvollkommenen) und Mono no aware (eine melancholische Mischung aus Freude, Trauer und Hinnahme). „UKIYO“ nimmt die Betrachter mit auf eine kleine Reise durch die fließende Welt.
The minimum dissipation requirement of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes is applied to characterize the existence of laminar and non-laminar, and the co-existence of laminar and turbulent flow zones. Local limitations of the different zones and three different forms of transition are defined. For the Couette flow a non-local “corpuscular” flow mechanism explains the logarithmic law-of-the-wall, maximum turbulent dimensions and a value x=0,415 for the v. Kármán constant. Limitations of the logarithmic law near the wall and in the centre of the experiment are interpreted.
Transmission: Ein animiertes Musikvideo illustriert die Liebe
und Verbindung zum Genre Techno
(2021)
Techno ist seit seiner Entstehung mehr als ein Musik-Genre. Es ist ein Lebensgefühl und eine Bewegung. Techno-Partys dienen vielen Menschen als Ventil, um die Sorgen des Alltags für eine Nacht vergessen zu können. „Transmission“ porträtiert anhand der Protagonistin die persönliche Beziehung zum Genre Techno. Das Musikvideo soll die Zuschauenden visuell anregen und mitreißen. Es bietet ihnen die Möglichkeit, sich selbst wieder erkennen zu können und soll Außenstehenden einen Einblick in die Techno-Szene ermöglichen. Mithilfe des Rotoskopie-Verfahrens konnte ein realistischer Animationsstil erreicht werden, welcher durch eine unrealistische Farbgebung der Charaktere gebrochen wird. Der Schwerpunkt der Bachelorarbeit liegt in der kreativ-gestalterischen Ausarbeitung. Die Musikvideo „Transmission“ vermittelt das „Lebensgefühl Techno“ visuell anregend und nachvollziehbar.
Transformativer Designguide: Konzeption eines digitalen Guides für nachhaltige Designentwicklungen
(2021)
Designer entwerfen und gestalten oft, ohne die Gewährleistung von Ressourcen zu berücksichtigen. Natürliche Ressourcen werden im Übermaß verbraucht. Die Erde kommt mit dem Erneuern nicht mehr hinterher. Der Transformative Designguide ist ein digitaler Leitfaden für nachhaltige Designprozesse, der zu mehr Bewusstsein in der Produktion und im Design führt, um Ressourcen langfristig einzusparen. Der Guide vermittelt ein umfassendes Bild und liefert alle benötigten Infos auf einen Blick. Das Design des Guides zeigt, dass nachhaltiges Design mehr Qualität durch erhöhtes bewusstes Denken und Seriosität mit sich bringt. Die verschiedenen Herangehensweisen werden in einer einzigartigen 360° Navigation angezeigt. Animierte Grafiken scannen Materialien und Prozesse auf Nachhaltigkeit. Das Design des Guides wirkt dynamisch und sorgt für mehr Aufklärung im Bereich Ressourcenschutz.
Most drugs are no longer produced in their own countries by the pharmaceutical companies, but by contract manufacturers or at manufacturing sites in countries that can produce more cheaply. This not only makes it difficult to trace them back but also leaves room for criminal organizations to fake them unnoticed. For these reasons, it is becoming increasingly difficult to determine the exact origin of drugs. The goal of this work was to investigate how exactly this is possible by using different spectroscopic methods like nuclear magnetic resonance and near- and mid-infrared spectroscopy in combination with multivariate data analysis. As an example, 56 out of 64 different paracetamol preparations, collected from 19 countries around the world, were chosen to investigate whether it is possible to determine the pharmaceutical company, manufacturing site, or country of origin. By means of suitable pre-processing of the spectra and the different information contained in each method, principal component analysis was able to evaluate manufacturing relationships between individual companies and to differentiate between production sites or formulations. Linear discriminant analysis showed different results depending on the spectral method and purpose. For all spectroscopic methods, it was found that the classification of the preparations to their manufacturer achieves better results than the classification to their pharmaceutical company. The best results were obtained with nuclear magnetic resonance and near-infrared data, with 94.6%/99.6% and 98.7/100% of the spectra of the preparations correctly assigned to their pharmaceutical company or manufacturer.
Through a mirror darkly – On the obscurity of teaching goals in game-based learning in IT security
(2021)
Teachers and instructors use very specific language communicating teaching goals. The most widely used frameworks of common reference are the Bloom’s Taxonomy and the Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy. The latter provides distinction of 209 different teaching goals which are connected to methods. In Competence Developing Games (CDGs - serious games to convey knowledge) and in IT security education, a two- or three level typology exists, reducing possible learning outcomes to awareness, training, and education. This study explores whether this much simpler framework succeeds in achieving the same range of learning outcomes. Method wise a keyword analysis was conducted. The results were threefold: 1. The words used to describe teaching goals in CDGs on IT security education do not reflect the whole range of learning outcomes. 2. The word choice is nevertheless different from common language, indicating an intentional use of language. 3. IT security CDGs use different sets of terms to describe learning outcomes, depending on whether they are awareness, training, or education games. The interpretation of the findings is that the reduction to just three types of CDGs reduces the capacity to communicate and think about learning outcomes and consequently reduces the outcomes that are intentionally achieved.
For typical cases of non-isolated lightning protection systems (LPS) the impulse currents are investigated which may flow through a human body directly touching a structural part of the LPS. Based on a basic LPS model with conventional down-conductors especially the cases of external and internal steel columns and metal façades are considered and compared. Numerical simulations of the line quantities voltages and currents in the time domain are performed with an equivalent circuit of the entire LPS.
As a result it can be stated that by increasing the number of conventional down-conductors and external steel columns the threat for a human being can indeed be reduced, but not down to an acceptable limit. In case of internal steel columns used as natural down-conductors the threat can be reduced sufficiently, depending on the low-resistive connection of the steel columns to the lightning equipotential bonding or the earth termination system, resp. If a metal façade is used the threat for human beings touching is usually very low, if the façade is sufficiently interconnected and multiply connected to the lightning equipotential bonding or the earth termination system, resp.
This study focuses on thermoelectric elements (TEE) as an alternative for room temperature control. TEE are semi-conductor devices that can provide heating and cooling via a heat pump effect without direct noise emissions and no refrigerant use. An efficiency evaluation of the optimal operating mode is carried out for different numbers of TEE, ambient temperatures, and heating loads. The influence of an additional heat recovery unit on system efficiency and an unevenly distributed heating demand are examined. The results show that TEE can provide heat at a coefficient of performance (COP) greater than one especially for small heating demands and high ambient temperatures. The efficiency increases with the number of elements in the system and is subject to economies of scale. The best COP exceeds six at optimal operating conditions. An additional heat recovery unit proves beneficial for low ambient temperatures and systems with few TEE. It makes COPs above one possible at ambient temperatures below 0 ∘C. The effect increases efficiency by maximal 0.81 (from 1.90 to 2.71) at ambient temperature 5 K below room temperature and heating demand Q˙h=100W but is subject to diseconomies of scale. Thermoelectric technology is a valuable option for electricity-based heat supply and can provide cooling and ventilation functions. A careful system design as well as an additional heat recovery unit significantly benefits the performance. This makes TEE superior to direct current heating systems and competitive to heat pumps for small scale applications with focus on avoiding noise and harmful refrigerants.
Das Projekt thematisiert das Leben im Hospiz. Diese Arbeit liefert mittels authentischer Fotografien von Räumlichkeiten und Details sowie durch intensive Porträts von drei Bewohnenden einen realistischen Einblick in ein Hospiz. Durch diese Aufnahmen werden die Betrachtenden mit dem Thema „Tod“ konfrontiert und es so diesem Thema näher gebracht, um eventuelle Vorurteile einer solchen Einrichtung gegenüber abzulegen. Innerhalb des Bildbands sieht man Fotografien von Fluren, Dekoration, Räumen und Porträtaufnahmen. Begleitend zu den Porträtfotos der Bewohnenden finden sich im Bildband Berichte der selbigen, über ihre alltäglichen Gedanken im Umgang mit dem bevorstehenden eigenen Lebensende. Im Zuge der Recherche zu diesem Projekt hat außerdem ein ausführliches Interview mit einer Pflegekraft des thematisierten Hospizes dabei geholfen, einen realistischen Einblick in die Arbeit vor Ort zu bekommen.
The Last Sketch
(2021)
Das Projekt thematisiert, in Form eines Animationsfilms, den Umgang eines Vaters mit dem Tod seines Kindes
und den Versuch den Weg zurück zu sich selbst und ins Leben zu finden.
Das Ziel war es die Emotionen der Schauspieler in einen Animationsfilm authentisch zu implementieren. Um den Animationsfilm situationsgerecht erzählen zu können, wurde das Verständnis für Trauer in den Vordergrund gestellt.
Dazu wurden digitale Drehs durchgeführt und viele Bereiche der 3D Gestaltung angewendet.
Viele der Betroffenen erleben besonders in den ersten Tagen nach dem Verlust ihres Kindes nicht das notwendige Verständnis für ihre Trauer.
Diese Projektarbeit möchte aufzeigen, wie unterschiedlich Menschen trauern und wie sie sich in ihrer Verschiedenheit verlieren können,
besonders wenn es um das gemeinsame Kind geht.
Wenn ein Kind im Sterben liegt, steht für die Eltern sein Wohlbefinden an erster Stelle. Sie wollen alles richtig machen.
Der Protagonist des Films (Teo) und seine Frau Mia haben jedoch unterschiedliche Vorstellung davon, was das Richtige ist und auch nach dem
Tod ihres Kindes haben sie unterschiedliche Bewältigungsstrategien, um mit diesem Schicksalsschlag umzugehen.
Einer der Gründe, warum 80% der Ehepaare sich nach so einem Schicksalsschlag trennen liegt in genau dieser Problematik, weswegen es wichtig ist, diese Thematik zu beleuchten.
The hot spots conjecture is only known to be true for special geometries. This paper shows numerically that the hot spots conjecture can fail to be true for easy to construct bounded domains with one hole. The underlying eigenvalue problem for the Laplace equation with Neumann boundary condition is solved with boundary integral equations yielding a non-linear eigenvalue problem. Its discretization via the boundary element collocation method in combination with the algorithm by Beyn yields highly accurate results both for the first non-zero eigenvalue and its corresponding eigenfunction which is due to superconvergence. Additionally, it can be shown numerically that the ratio between the maximal/minimal value inside the domain and its maximal/minimal value on the boundary can be larger than 1 + 10− 3. Finally, numerical examples for easy to construct domains with up to five holes are provided which fail the hot spots conjecture as well.
Die Nachfrage nach flexiblen Arbeitsmodellen und damit Remote Work steigt und wird zunehmend zum Kriterium bei der Jobauswahl. Trotz der vielen Vorteile gibt es in der „Remote-Arbeitswelt“ aber immer noch einige Herausforderungen. Remote Arbeitende haben eine andere, teils nachteilige Erfahrung gegenüber Kollegen vor Ort.
Um dafür eine nutzerzentrierte Lösung zu finden, lag der Fokus bei dieser Arbeit auf den Auswirkungen und Bedürfnissen des arbeitenden Menschen. Basierend hierauf wurde ein Dienstleistungsservice konzipiert. Dieser unterstützt Unternehmen, Selbstständige und Mitarbeitende durch passende Angebote und Dienstleistungen in den Bereichen Ausstattung, Technik, Gesundheit, Corporate Benefits u.Ä. Dies ermöglicht auch Arbeitgebenden Aufgaben auszulagern und die Attraktivität und Konkurrenzfähigkeit auf dem Arbeitsmarkt zu steigern. Das wird zukünftig im „war for digitals talents“ immer wichtiger werden.
Stretch-shortening type actions are characterized by lengthening of the pre-activated muscle-tendon unit (MTU) in the eccentric phase immediately followed by muscle shortening. Under 1 g, pre-activity before and muscle activity after ground contact, scale muscle stiffness, which is crucial for the recoil properties of the MTU in the subsequent push-off. This study aimed to examine the neuro-mechanical coupling of the stretch-shortening cycle in response to gravity levels ranging from 0.1 to 2 g. During parabolic flights, 17 subjects performed drop jumps while electromyography (EMG) of the lower limb muscles was combined with ultrasound images of the gastrocnemius medialis, 2D kinematics and kinetics to depict changes in energy management and performance. Neuro-mechanical coupling in 1 g was characterized by high magnitudes of pre-activity and eccentric muscle activity allowing an isometric muscle behavior during ground contact. EMG during pre-activity and the concentric phase systematically increased from 0.1 to 1 g. Below 1 g the EMG in the eccentric phase was diminished, leading to muscle lengthening and reduced MTU stretches. Kinetic energy at take-off and performance were decreased compared to 1 g. Above 1 g, reduced EMG in the eccentric phase was accompanied by large MTU and muscle stretch, increased joint flexion amplitudes, energy loss and reduced performance. The energy outcome function established by linear mixed model reveals that the central nervous system regulates the extensor muscles phase- and load-specifically. In conclusion, neuro-mechanical coupling appears to be optimized in 1 g. Below 1 g, the energy outcome is compromised by reduced muscle stiffness. Above 1 g, loading progressively induces muscle lengthening, thus facilitating energy dissipation.
Test-retest reliability of the internal shoulder rotator muscles' stretch reflex in healthy men
(2021)
Until now the reproducibility of the short latency stretch reflex of the internal rotator muscles of the glenohumeral joint has not been identified. Twenty-three healthy male participants performed three sets of external shoulder rotation stretches with various pre-activation levels on two different dates of measurement to assess test-retest reliability. All stretches were applied with a dynamometer acceleration of 104°/s2 and a velocity of 150°/s. Electromyographical response was measured via surface EMG. Reflex latencies showed a pre-activation effect (ƞ2 = 0,355). ICC ranged from 0,735 to 0,909 indicating an overall “good” relative reliability. SRD 95% lay between ±7,0 to ±12,3 ms.. The reflex gain showed overall poor test-retest reproducibility. The chosen methodological approach presented a suitable test protocol for shoulder muscles stretch reflex latency evaluation. A proof-of-concept study to validate the presented methodical approach in shoulder involvement including subjects with clinically relevant conditions is recommended.
In the context of the Solvency II directive, the operation of an internal risk model is a possible way for risk assessment and for the determination of the solvency capital requirement of an insurance company in the European Union. A Monte Carlo procedure is customary to generate a model output. To be compliant with the directive, validation of the internal risk model is conducted on the basis of the model output. For this purpose, we suggest a new test for checking whether there is a significant change in the modeled solvency capital requirement. Asymptotic properties of the test statistic are investigated and a bootstrap approximation is justified. A simulation study investigates the performance of the test in the finite sample case and confirms the theoretical results. The internal risk model and the application of the test is illustrated in a simplified example. The method has more general usage for inference of a broad class of law-invariant and coherent risk measures on the basis of a paired sample.
Temporärer, mobiler Lebensraum: ein Wohnkonzept für Tinyhouses aus alten, ungenutzten Bahnwaggons
(2021)
Das Olympiagelände in München wurde im Jahre 1972 durch die Münchener S-Bahn erreichbar. Nach der Nutzung während der Olympischen Spiele wurde die Strecke weiterhin von der Linie S3angefahren, aber schließlich 1988 stillgelegt und steht seither unter Denkmalschutz. Das umfassende Gelände ist bis heute gut ausgebaut und bietet viel Raum für Freizeitaktivitäten. Nun bietet sich dieser Standort für ein neues Wohnkonzept an. Aus alten, nicht mehr nutzbaren Bahnwaggons entstehen Tinyhouse-Module. Aus dem alten Olympiabahnhof der S3 wird ein neues Viertel für junge Leute, Studenten und alle anderen, die sich vorstellen können in einem Tinyhouse zu wohnen.
Die Applikation „Slot“ ist eine lehrbegleitende Kommunikations- und Kooperationsplattform, die eine zeitgemäße Lehre, Studienorganisation und Präsentation zulässt.
Slot dient dabei nicht nur als Hilfestellung für Lehrende und Lernende, sondern ermöglicht auch die vollständige Durchführung von effizientem Unterricht. Den Lernenden soll maximale Kontrolle zur Erarbeitung ihres Wissens und Übersichtlichkeit in der Kommunikation geboten werden. Um für die unterschiedlichen Nutzergruppen ein benutzerfreundliches System zu schaffen, steht eine breitgefächerte Funktionsauswahl zur Verfügung: Videochat, Messenger, VR-Raum, Whiteboard, Aufgabenübersicht, Datenabgabe, Kalender, Profil und ToDo-List. Die Nutzungsmöglichkeiten können individuell auf die unterschiedlichen Nutzergruppen und deren entsprechenden Bedürfnissen angepasst werden.
Die »tape foundry« ist eine interdisziplinäre Distributionsplattform für studentische Schriften, die Studierende auf dem großen Type-Design Markt neu platziert und einen Raum zur Entfaltung gibt. Besonders durch Instagram ist die heutige Type-Designszene größer denn je und viele Entwürfe gehen in der Maße unter. Um diesem Phänomen entgegenzuwirken wurde die »tape foundry« ins Leben gerufen. Sie versucht mit der Kombination aus Fotografie, Type Design und der Funktion als Kassettenlabel neue interdisziplinäre Wege zu gehen, um sich von der klassischen Ästhetik abzusetzen. Die Webseite stellt sich bewusst gegen gängige UX/UI Standards und setzt auf neue Nutzungsprinzipien kombiniert mit einer lauten kontrastreichen Bildwelt.
The transition within transportation towards battery electric vehicles can lead to a more sustainable future. To account for the development goal ‘climate action’ stated by the United Nations, it is mandatory, within the conceptual design phase, to derive energy-efficient system designs. One barrier is the uncertainty of the driving behaviour within the usage phase. This uncertainty is often addressed by using a stochastic synthesis process to derive representative driving cycles and by using cycle-based optimization. To deal with this uncertainty, a new approach based on a stochastic optimization program is presented. This leads to an optimization model that is solved with an exact solver. It is compared to a system design approach based on driving cycles and a genetic algorithm solver. Both approaches are applied to find efficient electric powertrains with fixed-speed and multi-speed transmissions. Hence, the similarities, differences and respective advantages of each optimization procedure are discussed.
The course Physics for Electrical Engineering is part of the curriculum of the bachelor program Electrical Engineering at University of Applied Science Aachen.
Before covid-19 the course was conducted in a rather traditional way with all parts (lecture, exercise and lab) face-to-face. This teaching approach changed fundamentally within a week when the covid-19 limitations forced all courses to distance learning. All parts of the course were transformed to pure distance learning including synchronous and asynchronous parts for the lecture, live online-sessions for the exercises and self-paced labs at home. Using these methods, the course was able to impart the required knowledge and competencies. Taking the teacher’s observations of the student’s learning behaviour and engagement, the formal and informal feedback of the students and the results of the exams into account, the new methods are evaluated with respect to effectiveness, sustainability and suitability for competence transfer. Based on this analysis strong and weak points of the concept and countermeasures to solve the weak points were identified. The analysis further leads to a sustainable teaching approach combining synchronous and asynchronous parts with self-paced learning times that can be used in a very flexible manner for different learning scenarios, pure online, hybrid (mixture of online and presence times) and pure presence teaching.
Für die Herstellung von metallischen Bauteilen wird in der heutigen Zeit eine Vielzahl von Verfahren auf dem Markt angeboten. Dabei stehen die additiven im Wettbewerb zu den konventionellen Verfahren. Die erreichbaren Oberflächenqualitäten der additiven sind nicht mit denen spanender Verfahren vergleichbar. Für diesen Beitrag wurde analysiert, ob sich ein mittels Selektivem Laserschmelzen (SLM) additiv hergestellter Edelstahl hinsichtlich seiner Oberflächenqualität nach der Zerspanung von einem umgeformten konventionell hergestellten Edelstahl gleicher Sorte unterscheidet.
This chapter describes three general strategies to master uncertainty in technical systems: robustness, flexibility and resilience. It builds on the previous chapters about methods to analyse and identify uncertainty and may rely on the availability of technologies for particular systems, such as active components. Robustness aims for the design of technical systems that are insensitive to anticipated uncertainties. Flexibility increases the ability of a system to work under different situations. Resilience extends this characteristic by requiring a given minimal functional performance, even after disturbances or failure of system components, and it may incorporate recovery. The three strategies are described and discussed in turn. Moreover, they are demonstrated on specific technical systems.
The treatment method to deactivate viable microorganisms from objects or products is termed sterilization. There are multiple forms of sterilization, each intended to be applied for a specific target, which depends on—but not limited to—the thermal, physical, and chemical stability of that target. Herein, an overview on the currently used sterilization processes in the global market is provided. Different sterilization techniques are grouped under a category that describes the method of treatment: radiation (gamma, electron beam, X-ray, and ultraviolet), thermal (dry and moist heat), and chemical (ethylene oxide, ozone, chlorine dioxide, and hydrogen peroxide). For each sterilization process, the typical process parameters as defined by regulations and the mode of antimicrobial activity are summarized. Finally, the recommended microorganisms that are used as biological indicators to validate sterilization processes in accordance with the rules that are established by various regulatory agencies are summarized.
The progress in natural language processing (NLP) research over the last years, offers novel business opportunities for companies, as automated user interaction or improved data analysis. Building sophisticated NLP applications requires dealing with modern machine learning (ML) technologies, which impedes enterprises from establishing successful NLP projects. Our experience in applied NLP research projects shows that the continuous integration of research prototypes in production-like environments with quality assurance builds trust in the software and shows convenience and usefulness regarding the business goal. We introduce STAMP 4 NLP as an iterative and incremental process model for developing NLP applications. With STAMP 4 NLP, we merge software engineering principles with best practices from data science. Instantiating our process model allows efficiently creating prototypes by utilizing templates, conventions, and implementations, enabling developers and data scientists to focus on the business goals. Due to our iterative-incremental approach, businesses can deploy an enhanced version of the prototype to their software environment after every iteration, maximizing potential business value and trust early and avoiding the cost of successful yet never deployed experiments.
Skidio basiert dabei auf dem Konzept, dass das Video für die Kosmetikindustrie das optimale Medium für Produktvorstellungen ist. Der Ausgangspunkt für das Einkaufserlebnis des Nutzers ist daher ein Video-Feed, bestehend aus Kurz- und Live-Videos, die einen direkten Kauf der gezeigten Produkte ermöglichen. So entsteht ein Ort, an dem Nutzer auf eine unterhaltsame Art und Weise Inspiration für die eigene Hautpflege finden können. Dabei ist das Video als Medium nicht nur unterhaltsamer, sondern zugleich auch deutlich informativer als klassische Produktlistings. Die Produktpräsentation wird interaktiver, erlebbarer und deutlich effektiver. Gemeinsam mit Technologien wie einer digitalen Hautanalyse, wird so das Potenzial des E-Commerce für die Beautyindustrie vollständig entfaltet.
In positron emission tomography improving time, energy and spatial detector resolutions and using Compton kinematics introduces the possibility to reconstruct a radioactivity distribution image from scatter coincidences, thereby enhancing image quality. The number of single scattered coincidences alone is in the same order of magnitude as true coincidences. In this work, a compact Compton camera module based on monolithic scintillation material is investigated as a detector ring module. The detector interactions are simulated with Monte Carlo package GATE. The scattering angle inside the tissue is derived from the energy of the scattered photon, which results in a set of possible scattering trajectories or broken line of response. The Compton kinematics collimation reduces the number of solutions. Additionally, the time of flight information helps localize the position of the annihilation. One of the questions of this investigation is related to how the energy, spatial and temporal resolutions help confine the possible annihilation volume. A comparison of currently technically feasible detector resolutions (under laboratory conditions) demonstrates the influence on this annihilation volume and shows that energy and coincidence time resolution have a significant impact. An enhancement of the latter from 400 ps to 100 ps leads to a smaller annihilation volume of around 50%, while a change of the energy resolution in the absorber layer from 12% to 4.5% results in a reduction of 60%. The inclusion of single tissue-scattered data has the potential to increase the sensitivity of a scanner by a factor of 2 to 3 times. The concept can be further optimized and extended for multiple scatter coincidences and subsequently validated by a reconstruction algorithm.
In this paper, we present the structure, the simulation the operation of a multi-stage, hybrid solar desalination system (MSDH), powered by thermal and photovoltaic (PV) (MSDH) energy. The MSDH system consists of a lower basin, eight horizontal stages, a field of four flat thermal collectors with a total area of 8.4 m2, 3 Kw PV panels and solar batteries. During the day the system is heated by thermal energy, and at night by heating resistors, powered by solar batteries. These batteries are charged by the photovoltaic panels during the day. More specifically, during the day and at night, we analyse the temperature of the stages and the production of distilled water according to the solar irradiation intensity and the electric heating power, supplied by the solar batteries. The simulations were carried out in the meteorological conditions of the winter month (February 2020), presenting intensities of irradiance and ambient temperature reaching 824 W/m2 and 23 °C respectively. The results obtained show that during the day the system is heated by the thermal collectors, the temperature of the stages and the quantity of water produced reach 80 °C and 30 Kg respectively. At night, from 6p.m. the system is heated by the electric energy stored in the batteries, the temperature of the stages and the quantity of water produced reach respectively 90 °C and 104 Kg for an electric heating power of 2 Kw. Moreover, when the electric power varies from 1 Kw to 3 Kw the quantity of water produced varies from 92 Kg to 134 Kg. The analysis of these results and their comparison with conventional solar thermal desalination systems shows a clear improvement both in the heating of the stages, by 10%, and in the quantity of water produced by a factor of 3.
In this study, a recently proposed NMR standardization approach by 2H integral of deuterated solvent for quantitative multicomponent analysis of complex mixtures is presented. As a proof of principle, the existing NMR routine for the analysis of Aloe vera products was modified. Instead of using absolute integrals of targeted compounds and internal standard (nicotinamide) from 1H-NMR spectra, quantification was performed based on the ratio of a particular 1H-NMR compound integral and 2H-NMR signal of deuterated solvent D2O. Validation characteristics (linearity, repeatability, accuracy) were evaluated and the results showed that the method has the same precision as internal standardization in case of multicomponent screening. Moreover, a dehydration process by freeze drying is not necessary for the new routine. Now, our NMR profiling of A. vera products needs only limited sample preparation and data processing. The new standardization methodology provides an appealing alternative for multicomponent NMR screening. In general, this novel approach, using standardization by 2H integral, benefits from reduced sample preparation steps and uncertainties, and is recommended in different application areas (purity determination, forensics, pharmaceutical analysis, etc.).
Der digitale Transformationsprozess ist einer der größten gesellschaftlichen Umbrüche in der Geschichte der Menschheit. Aufgrund der Corona-Pandemie stieg die Nutzung von digitalen Kanälen bei den Bürger:innen wie nie zuvor und führt zu einem sprunghaften Anstieg der Nachfrage nach öffentlichen Services in digitaler Form.
Das Ziel dieser Bachelorarbeit ist es, einen digitalen Raum zu gestalten, der den analogen Weg zum Amt größtenteils erspart. Mit geeigneten Kommunikationskanälen kann auf die Bedürfnisse unterschiedlicher Gruppen eingegangen werden. Die Entwicklung der Anwendung IDport bietet sowohl private als auch staatliche Einsparpotenziale. Bürokratische Aufwände sollen durch eine neue Art des E-Government beseitigt werden. Die Konzeption ist infolge der aktuellen Gegebenheit in Deutschland weit entfernt von einer realitätsnahen Umsetzung, weshalb es sich bei der Anwendung um eine revolutionäre Zukunftsvision handelt.
Past earthquakes demonstrated the high vulnerability of industrial facilities equipped with complex process technologies leading to serious damage of the process equipment and multiple and simultaneous release of hazardous substances in industrial facilities. Nevertheless, the design of industrial plants is inadequately described in recent codes and guidelines, as they do not consider the dynamic interaction between the structure and the installations and thus the effect of seismic response of the installations on the response of the structure and vice versa. The current code-based approach for the seismic design of industrial facilities is considered not enough for ensure proper safety conditions against exceptional event entailing loss of content and related consequences. Accordingly, SPIF project (Seismic Performance of Multi- Component Systems in Special Risk Industrial Facilities) was proposed within the framework of the European H2020 - SERA funding scheme (Seismology and Earthquake Engineering Research Infrastructure Alliance for Europe). The objective of the SPIF project is the investigation of the seismic behavior of a representative industrial structure equipped with complex process technology by means of shaking table tests. The test structure is a three-story moment resisting steel frame with vertical and horizontal vessels and cabinets, arranged on the three levels and connected by pipes. The dynamic behavior of the test structure and installations is investigated with and without base isolation. Furthermore, both firmly anchored and isolated components are taken into account to compare their dynamic behavior and interactions with each other. Artificial and synthetic ground motions are applied to study the seismic response at different PGA levels. After each test, dynamic identification measurements are carried out to characterize the system condition. The contribution presents the numerical simulations to calibrate the tests on the prototype, the experimental setup of the investigated structure and installations, selected measurement data and finally describes preliminary experimental results.
Past earthquakes demonstrated the high vulnerability of industrial facilities equipped with complex process technologies leading to serious damage of process equipment and multiple and simultaneous release of hazardous substances. Nonetheless, current standards for seismic design of industrial facilities are considered inadequate to guarantee proper safety conditions against exceptional events entailing loss of containment and related consequences. On these premises, the SPIF project -Seismic Performance of Multi-Component Systems in Special Risk Industrial Facilities- was proposed within the framework of the European H2020 SERA funding scheme. In detail, the objective of the SPIF project is the investigation of the seismic behaviour of a representative industrial multi-storey frame structure equipped with complex process components by means of shaking table tests. Along this main vein and in a performance-based design perspective, the issues investigated in depth are the interaction between a primary moment resisting frame (MRF) steel structure and secondary process components that influence the performance of the whole system; and a proper check of floor spectra predictions. The evaluation of experimental data clearly shows a favourable performance of the MRF structure, some weaknesses of local details due to the interaction between floor crossbeams and process components and, finally, the overconservatism of current design standards w.r.t. floor spectra predictions.
Ängste und Phobien sind vielseitig. Furcht im Alltag spiegelt sich sowohl in spezifischen Objekten als auch in allgemeinen Situationen wider. Für unbetroffene Menschen sind diese Emotionen oft unbegreiflich, irrational und abstrakt.
In 15 Bildergeschichten werden verschiedene persönliche Ängste humoristisch illustriert und in einer gebundenen Comic-Anthologie zusammengeführt. Der überzogene, bizarre Zeichenstil demonstriert die empfundene Wahrnehmung bei alltäglichen Ängsten auf eine nicht allzu ernst gemeinte Weise. Zeichnerische Ästhetik, von klassischem Comic-Stil bis zum grafischen Horror, und Storytelling stehen hier im Vordergrund. Lesende finden sich selbst in den absurden Geschichten wieder und werden im besten Fall zum Lachen gebracht.
Die Bachelorarbeit SCHRECKLICHES versucht das abstrakte Gefühl der Angst auf nachvollziehbare Art zeichnerisch und mit einer guten Portion Übertreibung zu vermitteln.
Robotic process automation (RPA) has attracted increasing attention in research and practice. This chapter positions, structures, and frames the topic as an introduction to this book. RPA is understood as a broad concept that comprises a variety of concrete solutions. From a management perspective RPA offers an innovative approach for realizing automation potentials, whereas from a technical perspective the implementation based on software products and the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are relevant. RPA is industry-independent and can be used, for example, in finance, telecommunications, and the public sector. With respect to RPA this chapter discusses definitions, related approaches, a structuring framework, a research framework, and an inside as well as outside architectural view. Furthermore, it provides an overview of the book combined with short summaries of each chapter.
Welchen Einfluss haben Erinnerungen auf unser Bewusstsein und wie definieren sie uns als Individuum? Erinnerungen gehen verloren — sei es durch einfaches Vergessen, traumatische Erlebnisse oder Krankheit. Aber wie sehr wirkt sich das Vergessen auf unsere Persönlichkeit aus? Wenn wichtige Erlebnisse aus unserer Erinnerung verschwinden, bleiben wir dann noch wir selbst?
Für die gestalterische Auseinandersetzung mit diesen Fragen wurde das Medium Film gewählt. Der Film führt uns auf eine Reise durch die Erinnerungs- und Gedankenwelt einer Person, die ihre Erinnerung verloren hat. Mit der Hilfe des Psychologen Dr. Daniel Rose soll ein Memory-Backup durchgeführt werden, um die verlorenen Erinnerungen wiederherzustellen. Dabei sollen ihre Erinnerungen neu aufgesetzt werden, um ihr altes Bewusstsein zurückzugewinnen. Stück für Stück werden die verlorenen Erinnerungen in verschiedenen Bewusstseinsphasen zusammengesetzt und mit ihnen löst sich das Rätsel ihres Verschwindens.
Ein naturbelassenes System oder systematisch Natur? In der Bachelorarbeit COFFEE TO STAY entstand das modulare Seating-System REGROW. Sitzlandschaften für kurze Pausen, zwischen Kommen und Gehen, zwischen Begegnungen und Verabschiedungen – REGROW steht für die Entschleunigung im Alltag. Mit Material und Oberflächen, die von der Natur inspiriert sind, bietet REGROW Zufluchtsorte in urbanen Städten, geprägt von Beton und Asphalt. Ein Stück Natur, das sich dem räumlichen Kontext anpassen kann: Dank seiner flexiblen Modularität kann REGROW auf kleine und auf große Räume reagieren. Die Kollektion besteht aus Sitzelementen, die sich durch Rückenlehnen und Armlehnen ergänzen lassen. Mit den Beistelltischen lassen sich Sitzmodule miteinander im 45 oder 90 Grad Winkel verbinden.
Seismic vulnerability estimation of existing structures is unquestionably interesting topic of high priority, particularly after earthquake events. Having in mind the vast number of old masonry buildings in North Macedonia serving as public institutions, it is evident that the structural assessment of these buildings is an issue of great importance. In this paper, a comprehensive methodology for the development of seismic fragility curves of existing masonry buildings is presented. A scenario – based method that incorporates the knowledge of the tectonic style of the considered region, the active fault characterization, the earth crust model and the historical seismicity (determined via the Neo Deterministic approach) is used for calculation of the necessary response spectra. The capacity of the investigated masonry buildings has been determined by using nonlinear static analysis. MINEA software (SDA Engineering) is used for verification of the structural safety of the structures Performance point, obtained from the intersection of the capacity of the building and the spectra used, is selected as a response parameter. The thresholds of the spectral displacement are obtained by splitting the capacity curve into five parts, utilizing empirical formulas which are represented as a function of yield displacement and ultimate displacement. As a result, four levels of damage limit states are determined. A maximum likelihood estimation procedure for the process of fragility curves determination is noted as a final step in the proposed procedure. As a result, region specific series of vulnerability curves for structures are defined.
Communication via serial bus systems, like CAN, plays an important role for all kinds of embedded electronic and mechatronic systems. To cope up with the requirements for functional safety of safety-critical applications, there is a need to enhance the safety features of the communication systems. One measure to achieve a more robust communication is to add redundant data transmission path to the applications. In general, the communication of real-time embedded systems like automotive applications is tethered, and the redundant data transmission lines are also tethered, increasing the size of the wiring harness and the weight of the system. A radio link is preferred as a redundant transmission line as it uses a complementary transmission medium compared to the wired solution and in addition reduces wiring harness size and weight. Standard wireless links like Wi-Fi or Bluetooth cannot meet the requirements for real-time capability with regard to bus communication. Using the new dual-mode radio enables a redundant transmission line meeting all requirements with regard to real-time capability, robustness and transparency for the data bus. In addition, it provides a complementary transmission medium with regard to commonly used tethered links. A CAN bus system is used to demonstrate the redundant data transfer via tethered and wireless CAN.
Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) patients have persistent functional deficits in the triceps surae muscle–tendon unit (MTU). The complex remodeling of the MTU accompanying these deficits remains poorly understood. The purpose of the present study was to associate in vivo and in silico data to investigate the relations between changes inMTU properties and strength deficits inATR patients. Methods: Elevenmale subjects who had undergone surgical repair of complete unilateral ATR were examined 4.6 ± 2.0 (mean ± SD) yr after rupture. Gastrocnemius medialis (GM) tendon stiffness, morphology, and muscle architecture were determined using ultrasonography. The force–length relation of the plantar flexor muscles was assessed at five ankle joint angles. In addition, simulations (OpenSim) of the GM MTU force–length properties were performed with various iterations of MTU properties found between the unaffected and the affected side. Results: The affected side of the patients displayed a longer, larger, and stiffer GM tendon (13% ± 10%, 105% ± 28%, and 54% ± 24%, respectively) compared with the unaffected side. The GM muscle fascicles of the affected side were shorter (32% ± 12%) and with greater pennation angles (31% ± 26%). A mean deficit in plantarflexion moment of 31% ± 10% was measured. Simulations indicate that pairing an intact muscle with a longer tendon shifts the optimal angular range of peak force outside physiological angular ranges, whereas the shorter muscle fascicles and tendon stiffening seen in the affected side decrease this shift, albeit incompletely. Conclusions: These results suggest that the substantial changes in MTU properties found in ATR patients may partly result from compensatory remodeling, although this process appears insufficient to fully restore muscle function.
Biologically sensitive field-effect devices (BioFEDs) advantageously combine the electronic field-effect functionality with the (bio)chemical receptor’s recognition ability for (bio)chemical sensing. In this review, basic and widely applied device concepts of silicon-based BioFEDs (ion-sensitive field-effect transistor, silicon nanowire transistor, electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor capacitor, light-addressable potentiometric sensor) are presented and recent progress (from 2019 to early 2021) is discussed. One of the main advantages of BioFEDs is the label-free sensing principle enabling to detect a large variety of biomolecules and bioparticles by their intrinsic charge. The review encompasses applications of BioFEDs for the label-free electrical detection of clinically relevant protein biomarkers, deoxyribonucleic acid molecules and viruses, enzyme-substrate reactions as well as recording of the cell acidification rate (as an indicator of cellular metabolism) and the extracellular potential.
The initial idea of Robotic Process Automation (RPA) is the automation of business processes through a simple emulation of user input and output by software robots. Hence, it can be assumed that no changes of the used software systems and existing Enterprise Architecture (EA) is
required. In this short, practical paper we discuss this assumption based on a real-life implementation project. We show that a successful RPA implementation might require architectural work during analysis, implementation, and migration. As practical paper we focus on exemplary lessons-learned and new questions related to RPA and EA.
Wie real ist unsere Realität? Wie »wirklich« ist das, was wir wahrnehmen und wie »wahr« kann die »Wahrheit« eigentlich sein? Medial vermittelte Informationen spielen für den Prozess der Meinungsbildung eine entscheidende Rolle. In der Wanderausstellung real:ly? geht es um einen Perspektivwechsel. Am Beispiel der »Atomwaffentests auf den Marshallinseln« wird das medial erzeugte Bild amerikanischer Berichterstattung persönlichen Geschichten der Marshaller*innen gegenübergestellt: Technologischer Fortschritt, das Wettrüsten mit der UdSSR und die Macht über die Atombombe treffen auf Erzählungen über Zwangsumsiedlung, Krankheit, Ausbeutung und Abhängigkeit. real:ly? soll daran erinnern, die andere Seite der Medaille zu bedenken und eine andere Perspektive einzunehmen, bevor man seine Meinung bildet. Denn alles, was wir zu wissen glauben, ist nur ein kleiner Teil der ganzen Geschichte.
Anyone who has always wanted to understand the hieroglyphs on Sheldon's blackboard in the TV series The Big Bang Theory or who wanted to know exactly what the fate of Schrödinger's cat is all about will find a short, descriptive introduction to the world of quantum mechanics in this essential. The text particularly focuses on the mathematical description in the Hilbert space. The content goes beyond popular scientific presentations, but is nevertheless suitable for readers without special prior knowledge thanks to the clear examples.
This paper presents the laser-based powder bed fusion (L-PBF) using various glass powders (borosilicate and quartz glass). Compared to metals, these require adapted process strategies. First, the glass powders were characterized with regard to their material properties and their processability in the powder bed. This was followed by investigations of the melting behavior of the glass powders with different laser wavelengths (10.6 µm, 1070 nm). In particular, the experimental setup of a CO2 laser was adapted for the processing of glass powder. An experimental setup with integrated coaxial temperature measurement/control and an inductively heatable build platform was created. This allowed the L-PBF process to be carried out at the transformation temperature of the glasses. Furthermore, the component’s material quality was analyzed on three-dimensional test specimen with regard to porosity, roughness, density and geometrical accuracy in order to evaluate the developed L-PBF parameters and to open up possible applications.
During the Covid-19 pandemic, vocational colleges, universities of applied science and technical universities often had to cancel laboratory sessions requiring students’ attendance. These above of all are of decisive importance in order to give learners an understanding of theory through practical work.This paper is a contribution to the implementation of distance learning for laboratory work applicable for several upper secondary educational facilities. Its aim is to provide a paradigm for hybrid teaching to analyze and control a non-linear system depicted by a tank model. For this reason, we redesign a full series of laboratory sessions on the basis of various challenges. Thus, it is suitable to serve different reference levels of the European Qualifications Framework (EQF).We present problem-based learning through online platforms to compensate the lack of a laboratory learning environment. With a task deduced from their future profession, we give students the opportunity to develop own solutions in self-defined time intervals. A requirements specification provides the framework conditions in terms of time and content for students having to deal with the challenges of the project in a self-organized manner with regard to inhomogeneous previous knowledge. If the concept of Complete Action is introduced in classes before, they will automatically apply it while executing the project.The goal is to combine students’ scientific understanding with a procedural knowledge. We suggest a series of remote laboratory sessions that combine a problem formulation from the subject area of Measurement, Control and Automation Technology with a project assignment that is common in industry by providing extracts from a requirements specification.
Motile cilia are hair-like cell extensions present in multiple organs of the body. How cilia coordinate their regular beat in multiciliated epithelia to move fluids remains insufficiently understood, particularly due to lack of rigorous quantification. We combine here experiments, novel analysis tools, and theory to address this knowledge gap. We investigate collective dynamics of cilia in the zebrafish nose, due to its conserved properties with other ciliated tissues and its superior accessibility for non-invasive imaging. We revealed that cilia are synchronized only locally and that the size of local synchronization domains increases with the viscosity of the surrounding medium. Despite the fact that synchronization is local only, we observed global patterns of traveling metachronal waves across the multiciliated epithelium. Intriguingly, these global wave direction patterns are conserved across individual fish, but different for left and right nose, unveiling a chiral asymmetry of metachronal coordination. To understand the implications of synchronization for fluid pumping, we used a computational model of a regular array of cilia. We found that local metachronal synchronization prevents steric collisions and improves fluid pumping in dense cilia carpets, but hardly affects the direction of fluid flow. In conclusion, we show that local synchronization together with tissue-scale cilia alignment are sufficient to generate metachronal wave patterns in multiciliated epithelia, which enhance their physiological function of fluid pumping.
In jeder Schulklasse in Deutschland gibt es laut Statistik einen bis zwei Young Carer. Das sind Kinder und Jugendliche, die ein Familienmitglied pflegen. Doch wegen Unverständnis und Ausgrenzung seitens ihres sozialen Umfeldes vertrauen sich Young Carer niemandem an. Es mangelt schlichtweg an öffentlichem Bewusstsein für das Phänomen.
Die Kampagne #nichtbloßjung soll das ändern. Sie zeigt einer jungen Zielgruppe, was es bedeutet, nicht bloß jung, sondern Young Carer zu sein. Dabei regt sie dazu an, ebenfalls #nichtbloßjung zu bleiben, sondern als „Young Supporter“ die Young Carer zu unterstützen. Dazu wird diverse Informationsmaterial sowie ein kostenloses Armband bereitgestellt. Die Armbandtragenden zeigen so, dass sie Young Carer unterstützen und als Ansprechpersonen zur Verfügung stehen. So lernen Young Carer, dass sie mit ihrer Situation nicht allein sind und an wen sie sich gegebenenfalls wenden können.
Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency and is considered a high-risk asset class whose price changes are difficult to predict. Current research focusses on daily price movements with a limited number of predictors. The paper at hand aims at identifying measurable indicators for Bitcoin price movements and the development of a suitable forecasting model for hourly changes. The paper provides three research contributions. First, a set of significant indicators for predicting the Bitcoin price is identified. Second, the results of a trained Long Short-term Memory (LSTM) neural network that predicts price changes on an hourly basis is presented and compared with other algorithms. Third, the results foster discussions of the applicability of neural nets for stock price predictions. In total, 47 input features for a period of over 10 months could be retrieved to train a neural net that predicts the Bitcoin price movements with an error rate of 3.52 %.
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensors are a rather novel type of biosensors thatutilizelighttoprovideinformationaboutthecompositionofananalyte,enablinglight-controlled multi-analyte measurements. For enzymatic PEC biosensors,amperometric detection principles are already known in the literature. In con-trast, there is only a little information on H+-ion sensitive PEC biosensors. Inthis work, we demonstrate the detection of H+ions emerged by H+-generatingenzymes, exemplarily demonstrated with penicillinase as a model enzyme on atitanium dioxide photoanode. First, we describe the pH sensitivity of the sensorand study possible photoelectrocatalytic reactions with penicillin. Second, weshow the enzymatic PEC detection of penicillin.
The fourth industrial revolution introduces disruptive technologies to production environments. One of these technologies are multi-agent systems (MASs), where agents virtualize machines. However, the agent's actual performances in production environments can hardly be estimated as most research has been focusing on isolated projects and specific scenarios. We address this gap by implementing a highly connected and configurable reference model with quantifiable key performance indicators (KPIs) for production scheduling and routing in single-piece workflows. Furthermore, we propose an algorithm to optimize the search of extrema in highly connected distributed systems. The benefits, limits, and drawbacks of MASs and their performances are evaluated extensively by event-based simulations against the introduced model, which acts as a benchmark. Even though the performance of the proposed MAS is, on average, slightly lower than the reference system, the increased flexibility allows it to find new solutions and deliver improved factory-planning outcomes. Our MAS shows an emerging behavior by using flexible production techniques to correct errors and compensate for bottlenecks. This increased flexibility offers substantial improvement potential. The general model in this paper allows the transfer of the results to estimate real systems or other models.
The aim of the current study was to investigate the performance of integrated RF
transmit arrays with high channel count consisting of meander microstrip antennas
for body imaging at 7 T and to optimize the position and number of transmit ele-
ments. RF simulations using multiring antenna arrays placed behind the bore liner
were performed for realistic exposure conditions for body imaging. Simulations were
performed for arrays with as few as eight elements and for arrays with high channel
counts of up to 48 elements. The B1+ field was evaluated regarding the degrees of
freedom for RF shimming in the abdomen. Worst-case specific absorption rate
(SARwc ), SAR overestimation in the matrix compression, the number of virtual obser-
vation points (VOPs) and SAR efficiency were evaluated. Constrained RF shimming
was performed in differently oriented regions of interest in the body, and the devia-
tion from a target B1+ field was evaluated. Results show that integrated multiring
arrays are able to generate homogeneous B1+ field distributions for large FOVs, espe-
cially for coronal/sagittal slices, and thus enable body imaging at 7 T with a clinical
workflow; however, a low duty cycle or a high SAR is required to achieve homoge-
neous B1+ distributions and to exploit the full potential. In conclusion, integrated
arrays allow for high element counts that have high degrees of freedom for the pulse
optimization but also produce high SARwc , which reduces the SAR accuracy in the
VOP compression for low-SAR protocols, leading to a potential reduction in array
performance. Smaller SAR overestimations can increase SAR accuracy, but lead to a
high number of VOPs, which increases the computational cost for VOP evaluation
and makes online SAR monitoring or pulse optimization challenging. Arrays with
interleaved rings showed the best results in the study.
Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a standard technique for cardiac surgery, but comes with the risk of severe neurological complications (e.g. stroke) caused by embolisms and/or reduced cerebral perfusion. We report on an aortic cannula prototype design (optiCAN) with helical outflow and jet-splitting dispersion tip that could reduce the risk of embolic events and restores cerebral perfusion to 97.5% of physiological flow during CPB in vivo, whereas a commercial curved-tip cannula yields 74.6%. In further in vitro comparison, pressure loss and hemolysis parameters of optiCAN remain unaffected. Results are reproducibly confirmed in silico for an exemplary human aortic anatomy via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Based on CFD simulations, we firstly show that optiCAN design improves aortic root washout, which reduces the risk of thromboembolism. Secondly, we identify regions of the aortic intima with increased risk of plaque release by correlating areas of enhanced plaque growth and high wall shear stresses (WSS). From this we propose another easy-to-manufacture cannula design (opti2CAN) that decreases areas burdened by high WSS, while preserving physiological cerebral flow and favorable hemodynamics. With this novel cannula design, we propose a cannulation option to reduce neurological complications and the prevalence of stroke in high-risk patients after CPB.
With the increased interest for interstellar exploration after the discovery of exoplanets and the proposal by Breakthrough Starshot, this paper investigates the optimisation of photon-sail trajectories in Alpha Centauri. The prime objective is to find the optimal steering strategy for a photonic sail to get captured around one of the stars after a minimum-time transfer from Earth. By extending the idea of the Breakthrough Starshot project with a deceleration phase upon arrival, the mission’s scientific yield will be increased. As a secondary objective, transfer trajectories between the stars and orbit-raising manoeuvres to explore the habitable zones of the stars are investigated. All trajectories are optimised for minimum time of flight using the trajectory optimisation software InTrance. Depending on the sail technology, interstellar travel times of 77.6-18,790 years can be achieved, which presents an average improvement of 30% with respect to previous work. Still, significant technological development is required to reach and be captured in the Alpha-Centauri system in less than a century. Therefore, a fly-through mission arguably remains the only option for a first exploratory mission to Alpha Centauri, but the enticing results obtained in this work provide perspective for future long-residence missions to our closest neighbouring star system.
Even though BIM (Building Information Modelling) is successfully implemented in most of the world, it is still in the early stages in Germany, since the stakeholders are sceptical of its reliability and efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the opportunities and obstacles to implementing BIM for prefabrication. Among all other advantages of BIM, prefabrication is chosen for this paper because it plays a vital role in creating an impact on the time and cost factors of a construction project. The project stakeholders and participants can explicitly observe the positive impact of prefabrication, which enables the breakthrough of the scepticism factor among the small-scale construction companies. The analysis consists of the development of a process workflow for implementing prefabrication in building construction followed by a practical approach, which was executed with two case studies. It was planned in such a way that, the first case study gives a first-hand experience for the workers at the site on the BIM model so that they can make much use of the created BIM model, which is a better representation compared to the traditional 2D plan. The main aim of the first case study is to create a belief in the implementation of BIM Models, which was succeeded by the execution of offshore prefabrication in the second case study. Based on the case studies, the time analysis was made and it is inferred that the implementation of BIM for prefabrication can reduce construction time, ensures minimal wastes, better accuracy, less problem-solving at the construction site. It was observed that this process requires more planning time, better communication between different disciplines, which was the major obstacle for successful implementation. This paper was carried out from the perspective of small and medium-sized mechanical contracting companies for the private building sector in Germany.
The planned coal phase-out in Germany by 2038 will lead to the dismantling of power plants with a total capacity of approx. 30 GW. A possible further use of these assets is the conversion of the power plants to thermal storage power plants; the use of these power plants on the day-ahead market is considerably limited by their technical parameters. In this paper, the influence of the technical boundary conditions on the operating times of these storage facilities is presented. For this purpose, the storage power plants were described as an MILP problem and two price curves, one from 2015 with a relatively low renewable penetration (33 %) and one from 2020 with a high renewable energy penetration (51 %) are compared. The operating times were examined as a function of the technical parameters and the critical influencing factors were investigated. The thermal storage power plant operation duration and the energy shifted with the price curve of 2020
increases by more than 25 % compared to 2015.
Wir stellen hier exemplarisch STACK Aufgaben vor, die frei von der Problematik sind, welche sich durch diverse Kommunikationswege und (webbasierte) Computer Algebra Systeme (CAS) ergibt. Daher sind sie insbesondere für eine Open-Book Online Prüfung geeignet, da eine faire Prüfungssituation gewährleistet werden kann.
Die Studie erörtert anhand eines Fallbeispiels aus der Mathematik für Ingenieur*innen, wie didaktische Gestaltungsprinzipien für Soziale Präsenz, Kollaboration und das Lösen von praxisnahen Problemen mit mathematischem Denken in einer Online-Umgebung aussehen können. Hierfür zieht der
Beitrag den forschungsmethodologischen Rahmen Design-Based Research (DBR) hinzu und berichtet über Zwischenergebnisse. DBR wird an dieser Stelle als eine systematische Herangehensweise an kurzfristige Lehrveränderungen und als Chance auf dem Weg zu einer neuen Hochschullehre nach der COVID-19-Pandemie dargestellt, die theoretische und empirische Erkenntnisse mit Praxisverknüpfung und -relevanz vereint.
In einer Mischklasse, bestehend aus sehenden und nicht-sehenden Kindern, welche nicht schriftlich oder spielerisch miteinander kommunizieren können, gehen einige soziale Aspekte und Lernübungen verloren. Partnerarbeiten und das gegenseitige Kontrollieren der Richtigkeit, beispielsweise bei der Anwendung von Satzzeichen, sind Möglichkeiten, welche die Kinder ohne ein gemeinsames Material nicht wahrnehmen können. Diese Arbeit ermöglicht ein gemeinsames Arbeiten aller Kinder durch dasselbe Material. Hierfür dienen dreidimensionale Objekte, welche im STL-Dateiformat zur Verfügung stehen. Es eignet sich für schriftliche und geografische Arbeiten. Des Weiteren ist ein Memory-Spiel enthalten, welches ebenso von sehenden und nicht-sehenden Kinder gespielt werden kann. Diese STLs können weltweit verschickt werden, sodass diese beliebig mit einem 3D-Drucker gedruckt werden können.
The term ocular rigidity is widely used in clinical ophthalmology. Generally it is assumed as a resistance of the whole eyeball to mechanical deformation and relates to biomechanical properties of the eye and its tissues. Basic principles and formulas for clinical tonometry, tonography and pulsatile ocular blood flow measurements are based on the concept of ocular rigidity. There is evidence for altered ocular rigidity in aging, in several eye diseases and after eye surgery. Unfortunately, there is no consensual view on ocular rigidity: it used to make a quite different sense for different people but still the same name. Foremost there is no clear consent between biomechanical engineers and ophthalmologists on the concept. Moreover ocular rigidity is occasionally characterized using various parameters with their different physical dimensions. In contrast to engineering approach, clinical approach to ocular rigidity claims to characterize the total mechanical response of the eyeball to its deformation without any detailed considerations on eye morphology or material properties of its tissues. Further to the previous chapter this section aims to describe clinical approach to ocular rigidity from the perspective of an engineer in an attempt to straighten out this concept, to show its advantages, disadvantages and various applications.
This study investigates the influence of pressure on the temperature distribution of the micromix (MMX) hydrogen flame and the NOx emissions. A steady computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis is performed by simulating a reactive flow with a detailed chemical reaction model. The numerical analysis is validated based on experimental investigations. A quantitative correlation is parametrized based on the numerical results. We find, that the flame initiation point shifts with increasing pressure from anchoring behind a downstream located bluff body towards anchoring upstream at the hydrogen jet. The numerical NOx emissions trend regarding to a variation of pressure is in good agreement with the experimental results. The pressure has an impact on both, the residence time within the maximum temperature region and on the peak temperature itself. In conclusion, the numerical model proved to be adequate for future prototype design exploration studies targeting on improving the operating range.
Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) is routinely performed by the internal or external standardization. The manuscript describes a simple alternative to these common workflows by using NMR signal of another active nuclei of calibration compound. For example, for any arbitrary compound quantification by NMR can be based on the use of an indirect concentration referencing that relies on a solvent having both 1H and 2H signals. To perform high-quality quantification, the deuteration level of the utilized deuterated solvent has to be estimated.
In this contribution the new method was applied to the determination of deuteration levels in different deuterated solvents (MeOD, ACN, CDCl3, acetone, benzene, DMSO-d6). Isopropanol-d6, which contains a defined number of deuterons and protons, was used for standardization. Validation characteristics (precision, accuracy, robustness) were calculated and the results showed that the method can be used in routine practice. Uncertainty budget was also evaluated. In general, this novel approach, using standardization by 2H integral, benefits from reduced sample preparation steps and uncertainties, and can be applied in different application areas (purity determination, forensics, pharmaceutical analysis, etc.).
Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a common complication after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and can lead to infarction and poor clinical outcome. The underlying mechanisms are still incompletely understood, but animal models indicate that vasoactive metabolites and inflammatory cytokines produced within the subarachnoid space may progressively impair and partially invert neurovascular coupling (NVC) in the brain. Because cerebral and retinal microvasculature are governed by comparable regulatory mechanisms and may be connected by perivascular pathways, retinal vascular changes are increasingly recognized as a potential surrogate for altered NVC in the brain. Here, we used non-invasive retinal vessel analysis (RVA) to assess microvascular function in aSAH patients at different times after the ictus.
Der Archäologische Park Xanten (APX) gilt als Deutschlands einziger archäologischer Freiluftpark. Er zeichnet sich im Verbund mit dem Römermuseum durch seine Lage auf dem historischen Grund einer römischen Metropole und seine kontinuierliche Forschungsaktivität aus und bietet so ein einzigartiges Umfeld von kultureller Relevanz. Ziel dieses Projektes war es, ein neues Erscheinungsbild zu entwickeln, welches klar die Thematik des Parks in den Medien erkennbar macht. Das Corporate Design dient dazu, die Inhalte des Verbundes in einem einheitlichen System medienübergreifend zu präsentieren. Das Design unterstützt den APX in seiner Funktion als Begegnungs- und Bildungsstätte. Aufgrund dessen ist es im Hinblick auf das Ziel relevant, das Interesse an Kulturgeschichte und Forschung zu wecken.