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The chapter initially provides a summary of the contents of Eurocode 8, its aim being to offer both to the students and to practising engineers an easy introduction into the calculation and dimensioning procedures of this earthquake code. Specifically, the general rules for earthquake-resistant structures, the definition of design response spectra taking behaviour and importance factors into account, the application of linear and non-linear calculation methods and the structural safety verifications at the serviceability and ultimate limit state are presented. The application of linear and non-linear calculation methods and corresponding seismic design rules is demonstrated on practical examples for reinforced concrete, steel and masonry buildings. Furthermore, the seismic assessment of existing buildings is discussed and illustrated on the example of a typical historical masonry building in Italy. The examples are worked out in detail and each step of the design process, from the preliminary analysis to the final design, is explained in detail.
Industrial units consist of the primary load-carrying structure and various process engineering components, the latter being by far the most important in financial terms. In addition, supply structures such as free-standing tanks and silos are usually required for each plant to ensure the supply of material and product storage. Thus, for the earthquake-proof design of industrial plants, design and construction rules are required for the primary structures, the secondary structures and the supply structures. Within the framework of these rules, possible interactions of primary and secondary structures must also be taken into account. Importance factors are used in seismic design in order to take into account the usually higher risk potential of an industrial unit compared to conventional building structures. Industrial facilities must be able to withstand seismic actions because of possibly wide-ranging damage consequences in addition to losses due to production standstill and the destruction of valuable equipment. The chapter presents an integrated concept for the seismic design of industrial units based on current seismic standards and the latest research results. Special attention is devoted to the seismic design of steel thin-walled silos and tank structures.
Die Erfindung betrifft eine schwefelvernetzbare Kautschukmischung, deren Vulkanisat und einen Fahrzeugreifen. Die schwefelvernetzbare Kautschukmischung enthält wenigstens die folgenden Bestandteile: - wenigstens einen Dienkautschuk; und - 10 bis 300 phr wenigstens einer Kieselsäure; und - 1 bis 30 phf wenigstens eines Silans A mit der allgemeinen Summenformel A-I) A-I)(R1)oSi-R2-(S-R3)q-S-X; und - 0,5 bis 30 phf wenigstens eines Silans B mit der allgemeinen Summenformel B-I) B-I) (R1)oSi-R2-(S-R3)u-S-R2-Si(R1)o wobei q =1, 2 oder 3 ist; und u = 1, 2 oder 3 ist; und X ein Wasserstoffatom oder eine –C(=O)-R8 Gruppe ist wobei R8 ausgewählt ist aus Wasserstoff, C1-C20 Alkylgruppen, vorzugsweise C1-C17, C6-C20- Arylgruppen, vorzugsweise Phenyl, C2-C20-Alkenylgruppen und C7-C20-Aralkylgruppen.
Die Erfindung betrifft eine schwefelvernetzbare Kautschukmischung, deren Vulkanisat und einen Fahrzeugreifen. Die erfindungsgemäße Kautschukmischung enthält wenigstens folgende Bestandteile: - Wenigstens einen Dienkautschuk; - wenigstens eine Kohle (HTC-Kohle), die mittels hydrothermaler Karbonisierung von wenigstens einer Ausgangssubstanz hergestellt ist. Der erfindungsgemäße Fahrzeugreifen weist in wenigstens einem Bauteil wenigstens ein erfindungsgemäßes Vulkanisat der Kautschukmischung auf.
Die Erfindung betrifft eine schwefelvernetzbare Kautschukmischung, deren Vulkanisat und einen Fahrzeugreifen.Die schwefelvernetzbare Kautschukmischung enthält wenigstens die folgenden Bestandteile:- wenigstens einen Dienkautschuk; und- 10 bis 300 phr wenigstens einer Kieselsäure ; und- 1 bis 30 phf wenigstens eines Silans A mit der allgemeinen Summenformel A-I)und- 0,5 bis 30 phf wenigstens eines Silans B mit der allgemeinen Summenformel B-I)wobei u gleich 0, 1, 2 oder 3 und v gleich 0 oder 1 ist.
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Bestimmen einer Sitzeinstellung (23) eines Sitzes (3) eines Kraftfahrzeugs (1), bei welchem folgende Schritte durchgeführt werden:- Bereitstellen einer Körperabmessung (12) eines Nutzers (6) des Kraftfahrzeugs (1);- Bereitstellen einer Sitzeigenschaft (13) des Sitzes (3) des Kraftfahrzeugs (1);- Bereitstellen eines mit zumindest einer Referenzsitzeigenschaft (20), zumindest einer Referenzkörperabmessung (21) und zumindest einer Referenzsitzeinstellung (22) trainiertes künstliches neuronales Netz (14); und- Bestimmen der Sitzeinstellung (23) durch Eingabe der Körperabmessung (12) und der Sitzeigenschaft (13) in das künstliche neuronale Netz (14).
Manufacturing Process Simulation for the Prediction of Tool-Part-Interaction and Ply Wrinkling
(2019)
In this paper, an approach to propulsion system modelling for hybrid-electric general aviation aircraft is presented. Because the focus is on general aviation aircraft, only combinations of electric motors and reciprocating combustion engines are explored. Gas turbine hybrids will not be considered. The level of the component's models is appropriate for the conceptual design stage. They are simple and adaptable, so that a wide range of designs with morphologically different propulsive system architectures can be quickly compared. Modelling strategies for both mass and efficiency of each part of the propulsion system (engine, motor, battery and propeller) will be presented.
Praxistransfer in der tertiären Bildungsforschung: Modelle, Gelingensbedingungen und Nachhaltigkeit
(2019)
A review of guidelines and best practices for subsonic aerodynamic simulations using RANS CFD
(2019)
Flexible Fuel Operation of a Dry-Low-Nox Micromix Combustor with Variable Hydrogen Methane Mixtures
(2019)
Application of Low NOx Micro-mix Hydrogen Combustion to 2MW Class Industrial Gas Turbine Combustor
(2019)
Sabbioneta: Atlas
(2019)
Sensitivity Analysis of General Aviation Aircraft with Parallel Hybrid-Electric Propulsion Systems
(2019)
Laser-based Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes for the use of metals out of the powder bed have been investigated profusely and are prevalent in industry. Although there is a broad field of application, Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF), also known as Selective Laser Melting (SLM) of glass is not fully developed yet. The material properties of glass are significantly different from the investigated metallic material for LPBF so far. As such, the process cannot be transferred, and the parameter limits and the process sequence must be redefined for glass. Starting with the characterization of glass powders, a parameter field is initially confined to investigate the process parameter of different glass powder using LPBFprocess. A feasibility study is carried out to process borosilicate glass powder. The effects of process parameters on the dimensional accuracy of fabricated parts out of borosilicate and hints for the post-processing are analysed and presented in this paper.
Heating efficiency of magnetic nanoparticles decreases with gradual immobilization in hydrogels
(2019)
Bacterial cell appendix formation supports cell-cell interaction, cell adhesion and cell movement. Additionally, in bioelectrochemical systems (BES), cell appendages have been shown to participate in extracellular electron transfer. In this work, the cell appendix formation of Clostridium acetobutylicum in biofilms of a BES are imaged and compared with conventional biofilms. Under all observed conditions, the cells possess filamentous appendages with a higher number and density in the BES. Differences in the amount of extracellular polymeric substance in the biofilms of the electrodes lead to the conclusion that the cathode can be used as electron donor and the anode as electron acceptor by C. acetobutylicum. When using conductive atomic force microscopy, a current response of about 15 nA is found for the cell appendages from the BES. This is the first report of conductivity for clostridial cell appendices and represents the basis for further studies on their role for biofilm formation and electron transfer.
Enzyme-catalyzed reactions have been designed to mimic various Boolean logic gates in the general framework of unconventional biomolecular computing. While some of the logic gates, particularly OR, AND, are easy to realize with biocatalytic reactions and have been reported in numerous publications, some other, like NXOR, are very challenging and have not been realized yet with enzyme reactions. The paper reports on a novel approach to mimicking the NXOR logic gate using the bell-shaped enzyme activity dependent on pH values. Shifting pH from the optimum value to the acidic or basic values by using acid or base inputs (meaning 1,0 and 0,1 inputs) inhibits the enzyme reaction, while keeping the optimum pH (assuming 0,0 and 1,1 input combinations) preserves a high enzyme activity. The challenging part of the present approach is the selection of an enzyme with a well-demonstrated bell-shape activity dependence on the pH value. While many enzymes can satisfy this condition, we selected pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-dependent glucose dehydrogenase as this enzyme has the optimum pH center-located on the pH scale allowing the enzyme activity change by the acidic and basic pH shift from the optimum value corresponding to the highest activity. The present NXOR gate is added to the biomolecular “toolbox” as a new example of Boolean logic gates based on enzyme reactions.
Monitoring the cellular metabolism of bacteria in (bio)fermentation processes is crucial to control and steer them, and to prevent undesired disturbances linked to metabolically inactive microorganisms. In this context, cell-based biosensors can play an important role to improve the quality and increase the yield of such processes. This work describes the simultaneous analysis of the metabolic behavior of three different types of bacteria by means of a differential light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) set-up. The study includes Lactobacillus brevis, Corynebacterium glutamicum, and Escherichia coli, which are often applied in fermentation processes in bioreactors. Differential measurements were carried out to compensate undesirable influences such as sensor signal drift, and pH value variation during the measurements. Furthermore, calibration curves of the cellular metabolism were established as a function of the glucose concentration or cell number variation with all three model microorganisms. In this context, simultaneous (bio)sensing with the multi-organism LAPS-based set-up can open new possibilities for a cost-effective, rapid detection of the extracellular acidification of bacteria on a single sensor chip. It can be applied to evaluate the metabolic response of bacteria populations in a (bio)fermentation process, for instance, in the biogas fermentation process.
Complexity for heterogeneous classes: teaching embedded systems using an open project approach
(2019)
Entwicklung einer Qualitätssicherung für das Laserstrahlschweißen im Vakuum mittels Bildverarbeitung
(2019)
Speicher statt Kohle. Integration thermischer Stromspeicher in vorhandene Kraftwerksstandorte
(2019)
A new in vitro tool to investigate cardiac contractility under physiological mechanical conditions
(2019)
Übungsaufgaben und Berechnungen für den Baubetrieb: Klausurvorbereitung mit ausführlichen Lösungen
(2019)
Übungsaufgaben und Berechnungen für den Baubetrieb: Klausurvorbereitung mit ausführlichen Lösungen
(2019)
The increasing complexity of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) presents a challenging task to validate safe and reliable performance of these systems under varied conditions. The test and validation of ADAS/AD with real test drives, although important, involves huge costs and time. Simulation tools provide an alternative with the added advantage of reproducibility but often use ideal sensors, which do not reflect real sensor output accurately. This paper presents a new validation methodology using fault injection, as recommended by the ISO 26262 standard, to test software and system robustness. In our work, we investigated and developed a tool capable of inserting faults at different software and system levels to verify its robustness. The scope of this paper is to cover the fault injection test for the Visteon’s DriveCore™ system, a centralized domain controller for Autonomous driving which is sensor agnostic and SoC agnostic. With this new approach, the validation of safety monitoring functionality and its behavior can be tested using real-world data instead of synthetic data from simulation tools resulting in having better confidence in system performance before proceeding with in-vehicle testing.
Themen
(2019)