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The chemical imaging sensor is a device to visualize the spatial distribution of chemical species based on the principle of LAPS (light-addressable potentiometric sensor), which is a field-effect chemical sensor based on semiconductor. In this study, the chemical imaging sensor has been applied to investigate the ion profile of laminar flows in a microfluidic channel. The chemical images (pH maps) were collected in a Y-shaped microfluidic channel while injecting HCl and NaCl solutions into two branches. From the chemical images, it was clearly observed that the injected solutions formed laminar flows in the channel. In addition, ion diffusion across the laminar flows was observed, and the diffusion coefficient could be derived by fitting the pH profiles to the Fick's equation.
Use of textile structures for reinforcement of pelvic floor structures has to consider mechanical forces to the implant, which are quite different to the tension free conditions of the abdominal wall. Thus, biomechanical analysis of textile devices has to include the impact of strain on stretchability and effective porosity. Prolift® and Prolift + M®, developed for tension free conditions, were tested by measuring stretchability and effective porosity applying mechanical strain. For comparison, we used Dynamesh-PR4®, which was designed for pelvic floor repair to withstand mechanical strain. Prolift® at rest showed moderate porosity with little stretchability but complete loss of effective porosity at strain of 4.9 N/cm. Prolift + M® revealed an increased porosity at rest, but at strain showed high stretchability, with subsequent loss of effective porosity at strain of 2.5 N/cm. Dynamesh PR4® preserved its high porosity even under strain, but as consequence of limited stretchability. Though in tension free conditions Prolift® and Prolift + M® can be considered as large pore class I meshes, application of mechanical strain rapidly lead to collapse of pores. The loss of porosity at mechanical stress can be prevented by constructions with high structural stability. Assessment of porosity under strain was found helpful to define requirements for pelvic floor devices. Clinical studies have to prove whether devices with high porosity as well as high structural stability can improve the patients' outcome.
The concept of an injective affine embedding of the quantum states into a set of classical states, i.e., into the set of the probability measures on some measurable space, as well as its relation to statistically complete observables is revisited, and its limitation in view of a classical reformulation of the statistical scheme of quantum mechanics is discussed. In particular, on the basis of a theorem concerning a non-denseness property of a set of coexistent effects, it is shown that an injective classical embedding of the quantum states cannot be supplemented by an at least approximate classical description of the quantum mechanical effects. As an alternative approach, the concept of quasi-probability representations of quantum mechanics is considered.
Regenerative Energiequellen
(1997)
Kinematik. - (Dynamik ; 1)
(1993)
Kinetik. - (Dynamik ; 2)
(1994)
Erneuerbare Energien sollen in die Bresche springen. Geld, Kraft und politisches Wollen ist gefragt
(1995)
Globale Betrachtung regenerativer Energieressourcen und deren technischer Nutzungsmöglichkeiten
(1995)
Regenerative Energiequellen
(1995)
PV-transmitter and receiver
(1992)
Die Arbeitsgemeinschaft Solar Nordrhein-Westfalen, Schwerpunkt B: Dezentrale Energietechnologien
(1992)
Globale Betrachtung regenerativer Energieressourcen und deren technische Nutzungsmöglichkeiten
(1992)
A novel solar sterilization and water destillation system : experiment and thermodynamic analysis
(1991)
Regenerative Energiequellen
(1990)
Andere Primärenergiequellen
(1974)
Non-nuclear and non-fossil energy resources and their possibilities for future power generation
(1975)
It must be stressed that the assessment of the exploitation possibilities of the energy resources discussed in this paper requires further studies. With this proviso, the situation can be provisionally summarised as follows: The total potential of known geothermal steam sources is only 64 GW. Geothermal energy could therefore only make a significant contribution to covering the worldwide power needs if we succeed in exploiting dry geothermal reservoirs. Exploitation of tidal energy is limited to a few geographically favourable locations. The power generation potential at these locations is only about 64 GW. An important drawback of tidal power is discontinuous power generation. Large scale exploitation of wind, wave and glacier energy, and of ocean heat, requires solution of a number of technological problems. The environmental effects of exploitation of these energy resources are to some extent of a qualitatively different nature from those of operation of fossil-fuel-fired and of nuclear power plants. The scanty knowledge in this area often results in these effects being underestimated. In any case, however, it would be deliberately misleading to postulate that any form of power generation is possible without some detrimental effects on the environment. It may be stated in conclusion that, owing to their small potential or to the as yet insufficiently advanced technological development, none of the energy resources discussed in this paper can make a significant contribution to the solution of middle-term energy supply problems, i.e., to a rapid replacement of mineral oil and natural gas.
Regenerative Energiequellen
(1977)
Regenerative Energiequellen
(1980)
Regenerative Energiequellen
(1987)
Regenerative Energiequellen
(1986)
Regenerative Energiequellen
(1988)
Regenerative Energiequellen
(1989)
Regenerative Energiequellen
(1991)
"To assess the habitability of the icy environments in the solar system, for example, on Mars, Europa, and Enceladus, the scientific analysis of material embedded in or underneath their ice layers is very important. We consider self-steering robotic ice melting probes to be the best method to cleanly access these environments, that is, in compliance with planetary protection standards. The required technologies are currently developed and tested."
Auslegung der CFK-Sandwich-Rumpfstruktur eines Hubschraubers mit der Methode der Finiten Elemente
(1994)
South Africa in recent years is the establishment of a number of research hubs involved in AI activities ranging from mobile robotics and computational intelligence, to knowledge representation and reasoning, and human language technologies. In this survey we take the reader through a quick tour of the research being conducted at these hubs, and touch on an initiative to maintain and extend the current level of interest in AI research in the country.
"The invention relates to a pot spinning device (1) comprising a thread guide (9) which can be moved backwards and forwards and introduced into an opening (8) on the end side of the pot (7) so as to deposit a thread on the inside wall of a spinning pot. In order to improve upon pot spinning devices of this kind, the spinning pot is connected to an electric drive mechanism (10), mounted in magnetic bearings and provided with a gastight housing. Said housing encompasses the spinning pot (7), is open in the area where there is an opening in the end side of the pot and is provided with a seal (19) to seal off the intermediate area (17) between the housing and spinning pot. The housing is also connected to a supply of light-gas via a feed line (18), thereby enabling a light-gas atmosphere to be maintained in the intermediate area."