Article
Refine
Year of publication
Institute
- Fachbereich Medizintechnik und Technomathematik (1592) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (1592) (remove)
Keywords
- Einspielen <Werkstoff> (7)
- FEM (4)
- Finite-Elemente-Methode (4)
- LAPS (4)
- CellDrum (3)
- Label-free detection (3)
- biosensors (3)
- hydrogen peroxide (3)
- impedance spectroscopy (3)
- shakedown analysis (3)
- Bacillus atrophaeus (2)
- Bauingenieurwesen (2)
- Boundary integral equations (2)
- CAD (2)
- Capacitive field-effect sensor (2)
- Conductive boundary condition (2)
- Einspielanalyse (2)
- Empirical process (2)
- Field-effect sensor (2)
- Goodness-of-fit test (2)
- Independence test (2)
- Light-addressable potentiometric sensor (2)
- Lipopolysaccharide (2)
- Paired sample (2)
- Parametric bootstrap (2)
- Raman spectroscopy (2)
- Shakedown analysis (2)
- Stiffness (2)
- Traglastanalyse (2)
- Transmission eigenvalues (2)
- capacitive field-effect sensors (2)
- carbonized rice husk (2)
- civil engineering (2)
- constructive alignment (2)
- damage (2)
- examination (2)
- field-effect sensor (2)
- frequency mixing magnetic detection (2)
- likelihood ratio test (2)
- limit analysis (2)
- locomotion (2)
- long-term retention (2)
- multimodal (2)
- muscle fascicle behavior (2)
- not identically distributed (2)
- practical learning (2)
- shakedown (2)
- tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) (2)
- ultrasound (2)
- ultrasound imaging (2)
- (Bio)degradation (1)
- Acceleration (1)
- Achilles tendon (1)
- Adaptive control (1)
- Afterload (1)
- Ageing (1)
- Air purification (1)
- AlterG (1)
- Alternating plasticity (1)
- Alzheimer's disease (1)
- Analysis (1)
- Analytischer Zulaessigkeitsnachweis (1)
- Anastomotic leakage (1)
- Anatomy (1)
- Annulus Fibrosus (1)
- Architectural design (1)
- Architectural gear ratio (1)
- Architektur (1)
- Arthosetherapie (1)
- Assistive technology (1)
- Asymptotic efficiency (1)
- Aufschlagversuch (1)
- Autolysis (1)
- Automatic control (1)
- Axialbelastung (1)
- Axially cracked pipe (1)
- Bacillus atrophaeus spores (1)
- Bacillus sp (1)
- Bacterial cellulose (1)
- Balance (1)
- Basis Reduktion (1)
- Basis reduction (1)
- Bicharakteristikenverfahren (1)
- Bioabsorbable (1)
- Biocomposites (1)
- Biomechanical simulation (1)
- Bioreaktor (1)
- Biosolubilization (1)
- Blutzellenlagerung (1)
- Bone quality and biomechanics (1)
- Booster Station (1)
- Bootstrap (1)
- Bootstrapping (1)
- Boundary integral equations, (1)
- Brownian Pillow (1)
- CNOT (1)
- Calorimetric gas sensor (1)
- Capacitive field-effect (1)
- Capacitive model (1)
- Carbon sources (1)
- Cardiac myocytes (1)
- Cardiac tissue (1)
- Categorial variable (1)
- Cell permeability (1)
- Cellular force (1)
- Cellulose nanostructure (1)
- Cement infiltration (1)
- Cementoblast (1)
- Censored data (1)
- Chemical images (1)
- Chemical imaging sensor (1)
- Chemical sensor (1)
- Circular Dichroism (1)
- Clusterion (1)
- Co-managed care (1)
- Coal (1)
- Collective risk model (1)
- Competitiveness (1)
- Complex System (1)
- Complex-valued eigenvalues (1)
- Compliance (1)
- Compression (1)
- Computational biomechanics (1)
- Concomitant (1)
- Conductive Boundary Condition (1)
- Conservation laws (1)
- Constitutive model (1)
- Contractile tension (1)
- Contractility (1)
- Convex optimization (1)
- Cost-effectiveness (1)
- Coverage probability (1)
- Cramér-von-Mises statistic (1)
- Cramér-von-Mises test (1)
- Cross border adjustment mechanism (1)
- Crámer–von-Mises distance (1)
- Culture media (1)
- C–V method (1)
- DNA biosensor (1)
- DNA hybridization (1)
- DPA (dipicolinic acid) (1)
- Damage mechanics theory (1)
- Decomposition (1)
- Deep Learning (1)
- Deformation (1)
- Dehydrogenase (1)
- Design-by-analysis (1)
- Diaphorase (1)
- Dimensional splitting (1)
- Disc Degeneration (1)
- Discontinuous fractures (1)
- Discrete Optimization (1)
- Distorsion des oberen Sprunggelenks (1)
- Druckbeanspruchung (1)
- Druckbehälter (1)
- Druckbelastung (1)
- Druckgeräte (1)
- Drug simulation (1)
- E-Mobility (1)
- E. coli detection (1)
- EIS capacitive sensor (1)
- ELISA (1)
- ES-FEM (1)
- Eigenvalue trajectories (1)
- Einspiel-Analyse (1)
- Einspiel-Kriterium (1)
- Einspielen (1)
- Elastizität (1)
- Elderly (1)
- Electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor (1)
- Electromagnetism (1)
- Electromechanical modeling (1)
- Elektroenzephalographie (1)
- Elemental (1)
- End-to-end colorectal anastomosis (1)
- Endothelial cells (1)
- Endothelial dysfunction (1)
- Energy-intensive industry (1)
- Enterprise information systems (1)
- Entropy solution (1)
- Environmental impact (1)
- Enzymatic biosensor (1)
- Enzyme coverage (1)
- Enzyme logic gate (1)
- Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (1)
- Epithel (1)
- Equivalence test (1)
- Esophageal Doppler monitor (1)
- Experiment (1)
- Exponential Euler scheme, (1)
- Exponential time differencing (1)
- External knee adduction moments (1)
- FS-FEM (1)
- Fall prevention (1)
- Fault approximation (1)
- Fault detection (1)
- Fehlerstellen (1)
- Fibroblast (1)
- Field effect (1)
- Field-effect biosensor (1)
- Finite difference methods (1)
- Finite element analysis (1)
- Finite element modelling (1)
- Fließgrenze (1)
- Floor prices (1)
- Force (1)
- Forces (1)
- Fracture configuration (1)
- Fracture simulation (1)
- Freeze–thaw process (1)
- Frequency adaption (1)
- Frequency mixing magnetic detection (1)
- Functional Delta Method (1)
- Fußball (1)
- Gamma distribution (1)
- Geriatric (1)
- German (1)
- Glaucoma (1)
- Global and local collapse (1)
- Gold nanoparticles (1)
- Gonarthrose (1)
- Goodness-of-fit tests for uniformity (1)
- Grenzwertberechnung (1)
- Ground-level falls (1)
- H2 (1)
- Hadamard differentiability (1)
- Haemodialysis (1)
- Handbike (1)
- Harnleiter (1)
- Heart tissue culture (1)
- Helmholtz equation (1)
- Hemoglobin structure (1)
- Heterostructure (1)
- Higher-order codes (1)
- Hip fractures (1)
- Hodgkin–Huxley models (1)
- Hoeffding-Blum-Kiefer-Rosenblatt independence test (1)
- Homogenization (1)
- Hotelling’s T² test (1)
- Human-Computer interaction (1)
- Hydrogen peroxide (1)
- Hydrogenotrophic methanogens (1)
- Hämoglobin (1)
- Hämoglobinstruktur (1)
- Image Reconstruction (1)
- Impedance spectroscopy (1)
- Implicit methods (1)
- Incomplete data (1)
- Induced pluripotent stem cells (1)
- Information extraction (1)
- Inotropic compounds (1)
- Integrated empirical distribution (survival) function (1)
- Interior Neumann eigenvalues (1)
- Interior transmission eigenvalues (1)
- Interior transmission problem (1)
- Intervertebral Disc (1)
- Intradiscal Pressure (1)
- Inverse Scattering (1)
- Inverse dynamic problem (1)
- Inverse kinematic problem (1)
- Inverse scattering (1)
- Inverse scattering problem (1)
- Inverse spectral problem (1)
- Ion channels (1)
- Iterative learning control (1)
- Kinetic energy (1)
- Kniegelenkarthrose (1)
- Knochen (1)
- Knochenbildung (1)
- Knochenchirugie (1)
- Knochendichte (1)
- Kohlenstofffaser (1)
- LPS (1)
- Lab-on-Chip (1)
- Langevin theory (1)
- Layer-by-layer adsorption (1)
- LbL films (1)
- Light-addressable Potentiometric Sensor (1)
- Limit analysis (1)
- Liver (1)
- Long COVID (1)
- Luftreiniger (1)
- MBST (1)
- MCDA (1)
- MOS (1)
- Machine learning (1)
- Magnetic nanoparticles (1)
- Manipulated variables (1)
- Marginal homogeneity test (1)
- Master stamp (1)
- Materialermüdung (1)
- Matrix exponential (1)
- Mechanotransduction (1)
- Medusomyces gisevi (1)
- Metascintillator (1)
- Methane (1)
- Methanogenesis (1)
- Microcirculation (1)
- Micromagnetic simulation (1)
- Mild cognitive impairment (1)
- Mobility (1)
- Mobility tests (1)
- Mobility transition (1)
- Model-driven software engineering (1)
- Monotone methods (1)
- Multi-criteria decision analysis (1)
- Multi-dimensional partial differential equations (1)
- Multi-sample problem (1)
- Multianalyte detection (1)
- Multicell (1)
- Multiple TOF kernels (1)
- Multiplexing (1)
- Muscle (1)
- Muscle Fascicle (1)
- Muscle Force (1)
- Musculoskeletal model (1)
- Musculoskeletal system (1)
- Myocardial infarction and cardiac death (1)
- NONOate (1)
- Natural fibres (1)
- Negative impedance convertor (1)
- Neural Network (1)
- Nitric Oxide (1)
- Nitric Oxide Donor (1)
- Non-parallel fissures (1)
- Nonequilibrium dynamics (1)
- Nonlinear Dynamics (1)
- Nonlinear PDEs (1)
- Nonlinear eigenvalue problems (1)
- Nucleus Pulposus (1)
- Numerical inversion of Laplace transforms (1)
- Numerical linear algebra (1)
- Numerics (1)
- O2 plasma (1)
- Ocular blood flow (1)
- Organic light-emitting diode display (1)
- Organkultur (1)
- Osteoporose (1)
- Osteoporosis (1)
- Parabolic SPDEs (1)
- Paralympic sport (1)
- Penicillin (1)
- Permeability (1)
- Permeabilität (1)
- Peroxidase (1)
- Pflanzenphysiologie (1)
- Pflanzenscanner (1)
- Pflanzenstress (1)
- Pharmacology (1)
- Photolithographic mimics (1)
- Physiology (1)
- Plant virus (1)
- Plasmacluster ion technology (1)
- Plastizität (1)
- Poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (1)
- Poly(d,l-lacticacid) (1)
- Polyimide (1)
- Polylactide acid (1)
- Polymer-matrix composites (1)
- Post-COVID-19 syndrome (1)
- Potential theory (1)
- Preference assessment (1)
- Pressure loaded crack-face (1)
- Prevention (1)
- Product-integration (1)
- Progressive plastic deformation (1)
- Prophylaxis (1)
- Proximal humerus fracture (1)
- Psychiatrische Biomarker (1)
- Pulsations (1)
- Pump System (1)
- Quartz crystal microbalance (1)
- RVA (1)
- Ratchetting (1)
- Raumluft (1)
- Reaction-diffusion systems (1)
- Real distinct pole (1)
- Real-time monitoring (1)
- Recombinant activated protein C (1)
- Red blood cell storage (1)
- Regionalization (1)
- Rehabilitation Technology and Prosthetics (1)
- Rehabilitation engineering (1)
- Resampling test (1)
- Resistive temperature detector (1)
- Resolvent Operator (1)
- Resonance-mode measurement (1)
- Retinal vessel analysis (1)
- Retinal vessels (1)
- Robotic rehabilitation (1)
- Rohr (1)
- Rohrbruch (1)
- Rotator cuff (1)
- Running (1)
- S-FEM (1)
- ScaLAPACK (1)
- Schienbeinschoner (1)
- Schlafspindeldetektion (1)
- Schwammknochen (1)
- Semi-parametric random censorship model (1)
- Septic cardiomyopathy (1)
- Shakedown (1)
- Shakedown criterion (1)
- Silk fibroin (1)
- Simulation (1)
- Simultaneous determination (1)
- Skeletal muscle (1)
- Small Aral Sea (1)
- Sn₃O₄ (1)
- Software and systems modeling (1)
- Source term (1)
- Spleen (1)
- Sprunggelenkorthesen (1)
- Stahl (1)
- Steel industry (1)
- Sterilisation process (1)
- Stress concentrations (1)
- Strukturanalyse (1)
- SunRav BookEditor (1)
- Surface imprinted polymer (1)
- Surgical Navigation and Robotics (1)
- Surgical staplers (1)
- Survival analysis (1)
- TMV adsorption (1)
- TOF PET (1)
- Ta₂O₅ gate (1)
- Technical Operations Research (TOR) (1)
- Temperaturabhängigkeit (1)
- Tendon Rupture (1)
- Tendon properties (1)
- Tendons (1)
- Tension (1)
- Tinetti test (1)
- Tissue Engineering (1)
- Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) (1)
- Traglast (1)
- Transmission Eigenvalues (1)
- Ultrasound (1)
- Uniaxial compression test (1)
- Vapnik–Čhervonenkis class (1)
- Variable height stapler design (1)
- Vascular response (1)
- Vasomotions (1)
- Velocity (1)
- Vertebroplastie (1)
- Vertebroplasty (1)
- Viscous flow (1)
- Viskose Strömung (1)
- Viskosität (1)
- Visual field asymmetry (1)
- Volterra integral equation (1)
- Volume of confidence regions (1)
- Volume status (1)
- Wolff's Law (1)
- Wolffsches Gesetz (1)
- Wundheilung (1)
- XOR (1)
- Zeta potential (1)
- Zug-Druck Belastung (1)
- acetoin (1)
- acetoin reductase (1)
- achilles tendon (1)
- actin cytoskeleton (1)
- adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) (1)
- adsorption (1)
- agility (1)
- alcoholic beverages (1)
- allocation (1)
- alternierend Verformbarkeit (1)
- amperometric biosensors (1)
- anaesthetic complications (1)
- anisotropy (1)
- ankle braces (1)
- ankle sprain (1)
- annealing (1)
- aortic perfusion (1)
- aquaculture (1)
- architecture (1)
- aromatic amines (1)
- arthrosis therapy (1)
- artificial olfactory image (1)
- asymptotic relative efficiency (1)
- atomic layer deposition (1)
- barium strontium titanate (1)
- biaxial tensile experiment (1)
- bicharacteristics (1)
- bioburdens (1)
- biocompatible (1)
- biocompatible materials (1)
- biodegradabl (1)
- biodegradable electronic devices (1)
- biomechanics (1)
- biopotential electrodes (1)
- biosensor (1)
- bone density (1)
- bone structure (1)
- bootstrap (1)
- burst pressure (1)
- burst tests (1)
- calorimetric gas sensor (1)
- calorimetric gas sensor;hydrogen peroxide;wireless sensor system (1)
- cancellous bone (1)
- capacitive electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor sensors (1)
- capacitive field-effect sensor (1)
- carbon electrodes (1)
- cardiomyocyte biomechanics (1)
- catalytic metal (1)
- cell aerosolization (1)
- cell atomization (1)
- central symmetry test (1)
- cerebral small vessel disease (1)
- chance constrained programming (1)
- chemical sensor (1)
- chip-based sensor setup (1)
- cognitive impairment (1)
- community dwelling (1)
- complete block symmetry (1)
- computational fluid dynamics analysis (1)
- conditional excess distribution (1)
- conditional expectation principle (1)
- confidence interval (1)
- connective tissue (1)
- constitutive modeling (1)
- contactless conductivity sensor (1)
- correlation (1)
- coupled Néel–Brownian relaxation dynamics (1)
- covariance principle (1)
- dental trauma (1)
- dialysis (1)
- difficult airway (1)
- direct method (1)
- distance learning (1)
- distorted element (1)
- double-lumen tube intubation (1)
- drop jump (1)
- e-books (1)
- e-issues (1)
- ecological structure (1)
- eigensolvers (1)
- elastic scattering (1)
- elastic solids (1)
- electrical conductivity of liquids (1)
- electrolyte-insulator semiconductor sensor (EIS) (1)
- electromyography (1)
- electronic nose (1)
- encapsulation materials (1)
- endoluminal (1)
- endospores (1)
- energy absorption (1)
- energy dissipation (1)
- enzymatic (bio)degradation (1)
- enzymatic biosensor (1)
- enzyme cascade (1)
- epithelization (1)
- exchangeability test (1)
- extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (1)
- fatigue analyses (1)
- fibroin (1)
- fibulare Bandruptur (1)
- field-effect structure (1)
- flaw (1)
- force generation (1)
- forecast (1)
- forehead EEG (1)
- fortschreitende plastische Deformation (1)
- frequency mixing (1)
- functional data (1)
- gait (1)
- gas sensor (1)
- glucose (1)
- glucose oxidase (GOx) (1)
- gonarthrosis (1)
- goodness-of-fit test (1)
- graphene oxide (1)
- healthy aging (1)
- heavy metals (1)
- hiPS cardiomyocytes (1)
- high-intensity exercise (1)
- high-k material (1)
- horseradish peroxidase (HRP) (1)
- huge dimensional data (1)
- human dermal fibroblasts (1)
- humic acid (1)
- hydroxylation (1)
- hyper-gravity (1)
- hyperelastic (1)
- hypo-gravity (1)
- immobilization (1)
- in-ear EEG (1)
- in-situ monitoring (1)
- independence test (1)
- intraclass correlation coefficient (1)
- key performance indicators (1)
- konvexe Optimierung (1)
- lable-free detection (1)
- large language models (1)
- layer-by-layer technique (1)
- light-addressable potentiometric sensor (1)
- light-addressing technologies (1)
- lignite (1)
- limit load (1)
- lipopolysaccharide (1)
- lipopolysaccharides (1)
- load limit (1)
- magnetic actuation (1)
- magnetic beads (1)
- magnetic biosensing (1)
- magnetic nanoparticles (1)
- magnetic relaxation (1)
- magnetic sandwich immunoassay (1)
- magnetic sensing (1)
- magnetic separation (1)
- magnetic tweezers (1)
- magnetophoretic velocity (1)
- mechanical buffer (1)
- metagenomics (1)
- metal-oxide-semiconductor structure (1)
- method of fundamental solutions (1)
- microbial diversity (1)
- microfluidics (1)
- micromagnetic simulation (1)
- multi-functional material (1)
- multinomial distribution (1)
- multiparametric immunoassays (1)
- multivariate normal distribution (1)
- muscle mechanics (1)
- nanobelts (1)
- nanomaterials (1)
- nanostructured carbonized plant parts (1)
- nanostrukturierte carbonisierte Pflanzenteile (1)
- naphtols (1)
- non-simplex S-FEM elements (1)
- novel photoexcitation method (1)
- optical sensor setup (1)
- optical spore trapping (1)
- optical trapping (1)
- organosilanes (1)
- overload (1)
- pH sensors (1)
- parabolic flight (1)
- penicillin (1)
- penicillinase (1)
- performance analysis (1)
- performance testing (1)
- phenols (1)
- photoelectrochemistry (1)
- physiology (1)
- pipes (1)
- plant scanner (1)
- plant stress (1)
- plant virus detection (1)
- plug-based microfluidic device (1)
- poly(d, l-lactic acid) (1)
- polyaniline (1)
- portfolio risk (1)
- prevention (1)
- psychosocial (1)
- random effects (1)
- random effects meta-regression model (1)
- ratchetting (1)
- rehabilitation (1)
- reliability analysis (1)
- reliability of structures (1)
- retinal microvasculature (1)
- retinal vessels (1)
- running (1)
- rupture of the fibular ligament (1)
- sEMG (1)
- sarcomere operating length (1)
- scanned light pulse technique (1)
- semantic role labeling (1)
- separable Hilbert space (1)
- series elastic element behavior (1)
- shakedown analyses (1)
- shotgun sequencing (1)
- shoulder (1)
- silanization (1)
- simulation (1)
- smooth muscle contraction (1)
- softs (1)
- spatial resolution (1)
- speaker attribution (1)
- sprint start (1)
- standard error of measurement (1)
- sterilisation (1)
- sterility tests (1)
- sterilization (1)
- sterilization conditions (1)
- sterilization efficacy (1)
- sterilization methods (1)
- stiffness (1)
- stochastic programming (1)
- strain energy function (1)
- stretch reflex (1)
- stretch-shortening cycle (1)
- superparamagnetic bead (1)
- superparamagnetic nanoparticles (1)
- surface functionalization (1)
- surface modification (1)
- survival (1)
- temperature (1)
- tendon rupture (1)
- tension–torsion loading (1)
- test-retest reliability (1)
- thermal ratcheting (1)
- thermometry (1)
- tilted constant illumination (1)
- titanium dioxide photoanode (1)
- tri-lineage differentiation (1)
- turnip vein clearing virus (TVCV) (1)
- twin-fluid atomizer (1)
- ultrasonography (1)
- ultrathin gate insulators (1)
- uniformly most powerful invariant test (1)
- unloading (1)
- validation methods (1)
- vessels (1)
- videolaryngoscopy (1)
- virgin passive (1)
- viscoelasticity (1)
- visualization (1)
- walking (1)
- walking gait (1)
- wound healing (1)
- yield stress (1)
- · Psychiatrische Erkrankungen/Diagnostik (1)
Muscular activity in terms of surface electromyography (sEMG) is usually normalised to maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs). This study aims to compare two different MVIC-modes in handcycling and examine the effect of moving average window-size. Twelve able-bodied male competitive triathletes performed ten MVICs against manual resistance and four sport-specific trials against fixed cranks. sEMG of ten muscles [M. trapezius (TD); M. pectoralis major (PM); M. deltoideus, Pars clavicularis (DA); M. deltoideus, Pars spinalis (DP); M. biceps brachii (BB); M. triceps brachii (TB); forearm flexors (FC); forearm extensors (EC); M. latissimus dorsi (LD) and M. rectus abdominis (RA)] was recorded and filtered using moving average window-sizes of 150, 200, 250 and 300 ms. Sport-specific MVICs were higher compared to manual resistance for TB, DA, DP and LD, whereas FC, TD, BB and RA demonstrated lower values. PM and EC demonstrated no significant difference between MVIC-modes. Moving average window-size had no effect on MVIC outcomes. MVIC-mode should be taken into account when normalised sEMG data are illustrated in handcycling. Sport-specific MVICs seem to be suitable for some muscles (TB, DA, DP and LD), but should be augmented by MVICs against manual/mechanical resistance for FC, TD, BB and RA.
In this study, we describe the manufacturing and characterization of silk fibroin membranes derived from the silkworm Bombyx mori. To date, the dissolution process used in this study has only been researched to a limited extent, although it entails various potential advantages, such as reduced expenses and the absence of toxic chemicals in comparison to other conventional techniques. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the influence of different fibroin concentrations on the process output and resulting membrane properties. Casted membranes were thus characterized with regard to their mechanical, structural and optical assets via tensile testing, SEM, light microscopy and spectrophotometry. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using BrdU, XTT, and LDH assays, followed by live–dead staining. The formic acid (FA) dissolution method was proven to be suitable for the manufacturing of transparent and mechanically stable membranes. The fibroin concentration affects both thickness and transparency of the membranes. The membranes did not exhibit any signs of cytotoxicity. When compared to other current scientific and technical benchmarks, the manufactured membranes displayed promising potential for various biomedical applications. Further research is nevertheless necessary to improve reproducible manufacturing, including a more uniform thickness, less impurity and physiological pH within the membranes.
Purpose
This study aims to investigate the biomechanics of handcycling during a continuous load trial (CLT) to assess the mechanisms underlying fatigue in upper body exercise.
Methods
Twelve able-bodied triathletes performed a 30-min CLT at a power output corresponding to lactate threshold in a racing recumbent handcycle mounted on a stationary ergometer. During the CLT, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), tangential crank kinetics, 3D joint kinematics, and muscular activity of ten muscles of the upper extremity and trunk were examined using motion capturing and surface electromyography.
Results
During the CLT, spontaneously chosen cadence and RPE increased, whereas crank torque decreased. Rotational work was higher during the pull phase. Peripheral RPE was higher compared to central RPE. Joint range of motion decreased for elbow-flexion and radial-duction. Integrated EMG (iEMG) increased in the forearm flexors, forearm extensors, and M. deltoideus (Pars spinalis). An earlier onset of activation was found for M. deltoideus (Pars clavicularis), M. pectoralis major, M. rectus abdominis, M. biceps brachii, and the forearm flexors.
Conclusion
Fatigue-related alterations seem to apply analogously in handcycling and cycling. The most distal muscles are responsible for force transmission on the cranks and might thus suffer most from neuromuscular fatigue. The findings indicate that peripheral fatigue (at similar lactate values) is higher in handcycling compared to leg cycling, at least for inexperienced participants. An increase in cadence might delay peripheral fatigue by a reduced vascular occlusion. We assume that the gap between peripheral and central fatigue can be reduced by sport-specific endurance training.
LAPS-based monitoring of metabolic responses of bacterial cultures in a paper fermentation broth
(2020)
As an alternative renewable energy source, methane production in biogas plants is gaining more and more attention. Biomass in a bioreactor contains different types of microorganisms, which should be considered in terms of process-stability control. Metabolically inactive microorganisms within the fermentation process can lead to undesirable, time-consuming and cost-intensive interventions. Hence, monitoring of the cellular metabolism of bacterial populations in a fermentation broth is crucial to improve the biogas production, operation efficiency, and sustainability. In this work, the extracellular acidification of bacteria in a paper-fermentation broth is monitored after glucose uptake, utilizing a differential light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) system. The LAPS system is loaded with three different model microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium glutamicum, and Lactobacillus brevis) and the effect of the fermentation broth at different process stages on the metabolism of these bacteria is studied. In this way, different signal patterns related to the metabolic response of microorganisms can be identified. By means of calibration curves after glucose uptake, the overall extracellular acidification of bacterial populations within the fermentation process can be evaluated.
In this review article, we are going to present an overview on possible applications of light-addressable electrodes (LAE) as actuator/manipulation devices besides classical electrode structures. For LAEs, the electrode material consists of a semiconductor. Illumination with a light source with the appropiate wavelength leads to the generation of electron-hole pairs which can be utilized for further photoelectrochemical reaction. Due to recent progress in light-projection technologies, highly dynamic and flexible illumination patterns can be generated, opening new possibilities for light-addressable electrodes. A short introduction on semiconductor–electrolyte interfaces with light stimulation is given together with electrode-design approaches. Towards applications, the stimulation of cells with different electrode materials and fabrication designs is explained, followed by analyte-manipulation strategies and spatially resolved photoelectrochemical deposition of different material types.
Within the present work a sterilization process by a heated gas mixture that contains hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is validated by experiments and numerical modeling techniques. The operational parameters that affect the sterilization efficacy are described alongside the two modes of sterilization: gaseous and condensed H₂O₂. Measurements with a previously developed H₂O₂ gas sensor are carried out to validate the applied H₂O₂ gas concentration during sterilization. We performed microbiological tests at different H₂O₂ gas concentrations by applying an end-point method to carrier strips, which contain different inoculation loads of Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores. The analysis of the sterilization process of a pharmaceutical glass vial is performed by numerical modeling. The numerical model combines heat- and advection-diffusion mass transfer with vapor–pressure equations to predict the location of condensate formation and the concentration of H₂O₂ at the packaging surfaces by changing the gas temperature. For a sterilization process of 0.7 s, a H₂O₂ gas concentration above 4% v/v is required to reach a log-count reduction above six. The numerical results showed the location of H₂O₂ condensate formation, which decreases with increasing sterilant-gas temperature. The model can be transferred to different gas nozzle- and packaging geometries to assure the absence of H₂O₂ residues.
Transport through Redox-Active Ru-Terpyridine Complexes Integrated in Single Nanoparticle Devices
(2020)
Transition metal complexes are electrofunctional molecules due to their high conductivity and their intrinsic switching ability involving a metal-to-ligand charge transfer. Here, a method is presented to contact reliably a few to single redox-active Ru-terpyridine complexes in a CMOS compatible nanodevice and preserve their electrical functionality. Using hybrid materials from 14 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNP) and bis-{4′-[4-(mercaptophenyl)-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine]}-ruthenium(II) complexes a device size of 30² nm² inclusive nanoelectrodes is achieved. Moreover, this method bears the opportunity for further downscaling. The Ru-complex AuNP devices show symmetric and asymmetric current versus voltage curves with a hysteretic characteristic in two well separated conductance ranges. By theoretical approximations based on the single-channel Landauer model, the charge transport through the formed double-barrier tunnel junction is thoroughly analyzed and its sensibility to the molecule/metal contact is revealed. It can be verified that tunneling transport through the HOMO is the main transport mechanism while decoherent hopping transport is present to a minor extent.
Experience has shown that a priori created static resource allocation plans are vulnerable to runtime deviations and hence often become uneconomic or highly exceed a predefined soft deadline. The assumption of constant task execution times during allocation planning is even more unlikely in a cloud environment where virtualized resources vary in performance. Revising the initially created resource allocation plan at runtime allows the scheduler to react on deviations between planning and execution. Such an adaptive rescheduling of a many-task application workflow is only feasible, when the planning time can be handled efficiently at runtime. In this paper, we present the static low-complexity resource allocation planning algorithm (LCP) applicable to efficiently schedule many-task scientific application workflows on cloud resources of different capabilities. The benefits of the presented algorithm are benchmarked against alternative approaches. The benchmark results show that LCP is not only able to compete against higher complexity algorithms in terms of planned costs and planned makespan but also outperforms them significantly by magnitudes of 2 to 160 in terms of required planning time. Hence, LCP is superior in terms of practical usability where low planning time is essential such as in our targeted online rescheduling scenario.
BACKGROUND: Muscle stretch reflexes are widely used to examine neural muscle function. The knowledge of reflex response in muscles crossing the shoulder is limited. OBJECTIVE: To quantify reflex modulation according to various subject postures and different procedures of muscle pre-activation steering. METHODS: Thirteen healthy male participants performed two sets of external shoulder rotation stretches in various positions and with different procedures of muscle pre-activation steering on an isokinetic dynamometer over a range of two different pre-activation levels. All stretches were applied with a dynamometer acceleration of 104∘/s2 and a velocity of 150∘/s. Electromyographical response was measured via sEMG. RESULTS: Consistent reflexive response was observed in all tested muscles in all experimental conditions. The reflex elicitation rate revealed a significant muscle main effect (F (5,288) = 2.358, ρ= 0.040; η2= 0.039; f= 0.637) and a significant test condition main effect (F (1,288) = 5.884, ρ= 0.016; η2= 0.020; f= 0.143). Reflex latency revealed a significant muscle pre-activation level main effect (F (1,274) = 5.008, ρ= 0.026; η2= 0.018; f= 0.469). CONCLUSION: Muscular reflexive response was more consistent in the primary internal rotators of the shoulder. Supine posture in combination with visual feedback of muscle pre-activation level enhanced the reflex elicitation rate.
Design, evaluation and comparison of endorectal coils for hybrid MR-PET imaging of the prostate
(2020)
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers among men and its early detection is critical for its successful treatment. The use of multimodal imaging, such as MR-PET, is most advantageous as it is able to provide detailed information about the prostate. However, as the human prostate is flexible and can move into different positions under external conditions, it is important to localise the focused region-of-interest using both MRI and PET under identical circumstances. In this work, we designed five commonly used linear and quadrature radiofrequency surface coils suitable for hybrid MR-PET use in endorectal applications. Due to the endorectal design and the shielded PET insert, the outer face of the coils investigated was curved and the region to be imaged was outside the volume of the coil. The tilting angles of the coils were varied with respect to the main magnetic field direction. This was done to approximate the various positions from which the prostate could be imaged. The transmit efficiencies and safety excitation efficiencies from simulations, together with the signal-to-noise ratios from the MR images were calculated and analysed. Overall, it was found that the overlapped loops driven in quadrature were superior to the other types of coils we tested. In order to determine the effect of the different coil designs on PET, transmission scans were carried out, and it was observed that the differences between attenuation maps with and without the coils were negligible. The findings of this work can provide useful guidance for the integration of such coil designs into MR-PET hybrid systems in the future.
Exercise training effectively mitigates aging-induced health and fitness impairments. Traditional training recommendations for the elderly focus separately on relevant physiological fitness domains, such as balance, flexibility, strength and endurance. Thus, a more holistic and functional training framework is needed. The proposed agility training concept integratively tackles spatial orientation, stop and go, balance and strength. The presented protocol aims at introducing a two-armed, one-year randomized controlled trial, evaluating the effects of this concept on neuromuscular, cardiovascular, cognitive and psychosocial health outcomes in healthy older adults. Eighty-five participants were enrolled in this ongoing trial. Seventy-nine participants completed baseline testing and were block-randomized to the agility training group or the inactive control group. All participants undergo pre- and post-testing with interim assessment after six months. The intervention group currently receives supervised, group-based agility training twice a week over one year, with progressively demanding perceptual, cognitive and physical exercises. Knee extension strength, reactive balance, dual task gait speed and the Agility Challenge for the Elderly (ACE) serve as primary endpoints and neuromuscular, cognitive, cardiovascular, and psychosocial meassures serve as surrogate secondary outcomes. Our protocol promotes a comprehensive exercise training concept for older adults, that might facilitate stakeholders in health and exercise to stimulate relevant health outcomes without relying on excessively time-consuming physical activity recommendations.
To prevent the reduction of muscle mass and loss of strength coming along with the human aging process, regular training with e.g. a leg press is suitable. However, the risk of training-induced injuries requires the continuous monitoring and controlling of the forces applied to the musculoskeletal system as well as the velocity along the motion trajectory and the range of motion. In this paper, an adaptive norm-optimal iterative learning control algorithm to minimize the knee joint loadings during the leg extension training with an industrial robot is proposed. The response of the algorithm is tested in simulation for patients with varus, normal and valgus alignment of the knee and compared to the results of a higher-order iterative learning control algorithm, a robust iterative learning control and a recently proposed conventional norm-optimal iterative learning control algorithm. Although significant improvements in performance are made compared to the conventional norm-optimal iterative learning control algorithm with a small learning factor, for the developed approach as well as the robust iterative learning control algorithm small steady state errors occur.
Retinal endothelial function in cardiovascular risk patients: A randomized controlled exercise trial
(2020)
The aim of this study was to investigate, for the first time, the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on retinal microvascular endothelial function in cardiovascular (CV) risk patients. In the randomized controlled trial, middle-aged and previously sedentary patients with increased CV risk (aged 58 ± 6 years) with ≥ two CV risk factors were randomized into a 12-week HIIT (n = 33) or control group (CG, n = 36) with standard physical activity recommendations. A blinded examiner measured retinal endothelial function by flicker light-induced maximal arteriolar (ADmax) and venular (VDmax) dilatation as well as the area under the arteriolar (AFarea) and venular (VFarea) flicker curve using a retinal vessel analyzer. Standardized assessments of CV risk factors, cardiorespiratory fitness, and retinal endothelial function were performed before and after HIIT. HIIT reduced body mass index, fat mass, and low-density lipoprotein and increased muscle mass and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). Both ADmax (pre: 2.7 ± 2.1%, post: 3.0 ± 2.2%, P = .018) and AFarea (pre: 32.6 ± 28.4%*s, post: 37.7 ± 30.6%*s, P = .016) increased after HIIT compared with CG (ADmax, pre: 3.2 ± 1.8%, post: 2.9 ± 1.8%, P = .254; AFarea, pre: 41.6 ± 28.5%*s, post: 37.8 ± 27.0%*s, P = .186). Venular function remained unchanged after HIIT. There was a significant association between ∆-change VO2peak and ∆-changes ADmax and AFarea (P = .026, R² = 0.073; P = .019, R² = 0.081, respectively). 12-weeks of HIIT improved retinal endothelial function in middle-aged patients with increased CV risk independent of the reduction in classical CV risk factors. Exercise has the potential to reverse or at least postpone progression of small vessel disease in older adults with increased CV risk under standard medication. Dynamic retinal vessel analysis seems to be a sensitive tool to detect treatment effects of exercise interventions on retinal microvascular endothelial function in middle-aged individuals with increased CV risk.
Background
For supratentorial craniotomy, surgical access, and closure technique, including placement of subgaleal drains, may vary considerably. The influence of surgical nuances on postoperative complications such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage or impaired wound healing overall remains largely unclear. With this study, we are reporting our experiences and the impact of our clinical routines on outcome in a prospectively collected data set.
Method
We prospectively observed 150 consecutive patients undergoing supratentorial craniotomy and recorded technical variables (type/length of incision, size of craniotomy, technique of dural and skin closure, type of dressing, and placement of subgaleal drains). Outcome variables (subgaleal hematoma/CSF collection, periorbital edema, impairment of wound healing, infection, and need for operative revision) were recorded at time of discharge and at late follow-up.
Results
Early subgaleal fluid collection was observed in 36.7% (2.8% at the late follow-up), and impaired wound healing was recorded in 3.3% of all cases, with an overall need for operative revision of 6.7%. Neither usage of dural sealants, lack of watertight dural closure, and presence of subgaleal drains, nor type of skin closure or dressing influenced outcome. Curved incisions, larger craniotomy, and tumor size, however, were associated with an increase in early CSF or hematoma collection (p < 0.0001, p = 0.001, p < 0.01 resp.), and larger craniotomy size was associated with longer persistence of subgaleal fluid collections (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
Based on our setting, individual surgical nuances such as the type of dural closure and the use of subgaleal drains resulted in a comparable complication rate and outcome. Subgaleal fluid collections were frequently observed after supratentorial procedures, irrespective of the closing technique employed, and resolve spontaneously in the majority of cases without significant sequelae. Our results are limited due to the observational nature in our single-center study and need to be validated by supportive prospective randomized design.
Masked hypertension is known to induce microvascular complications. However, it is unclear whether early microvascular changes are already occurring in young, otherwise healthy adults. We therefore investigated whether retinal microvascular calibers and acute responses to a flicker stimulus are related to masked hypertension. We used the baseline data of 889 participants aged 20–30 years who were taking part in the African Prospective study on the Early Detection and Identification of Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertension. Clinic and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure were measured. The central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE) and central retinal vein equivalent were calculated from fundus images, and retinal vessel dilation was determined in response to flicker light-induced provocation. A smaller CRAE was observed in those with masked hypertension vs. those with normotension (157.1 vs. 161.2 measuring units, P < 0.001). In forward multivariable-adjusted regression analysis, only CRAE was negatively related to masked hypertension [adjusted R² = 0.267, β = −0.097 (95% CI = −0.165; −0.029), P = 0.005], but other retinal microvascular parameters were not associated with masked hypertension. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, masked hypertension [OR = 2.333, (95% CI = 1.316; 4.241), P = 0.004] was associated with a narrower CRAE. In young healthy adults, masked hypertension was associated with retinal arteriolar narrowing, thereby reflecting early microvascular alterations known to predict cardiovascular outcomes in later life.
Mechano-pharmacological testing of L-Type Ca²⁺ channel modulators via human vascular celldrum model
(2020)
Background/Aims: This study aimed to establish a precise and well-defined working model, assessing pharmaceutical effects on vascular smooth muscle cell monolayer in-vitro. It describes various analysis techniques to determine the most suitable to measure the biomechanical impact of vasoactive agents by using CellDrum technology. Methods: The so-called CellDrum technology was applied to analyse the biomechanical properties of confluent human aorta muscle cells (haSMC) in monolayer. The cell generated tensions deviations in the range of a few N/m² are evaluated by the CellDrum technology. This study focuses on the dilative and contractive effects of L-type Ca²⁺ channel agonists and antagonists, respectively. We analyzed the effects of Bay K8644, nifedipine and verapamil. Three different measurement modes were developed and applied to determine the most appropriate analysis technique for the study purpose. These three operation modes are called, particular time mode" (PTM), "long term mode" (LTM) and "real-time mode" (RTM). Results: It was possible to quantify the biomechanical response of haSMCs to the addition of vasoactive agents using CellDrum technology. Due to the supplementation of 100nM Bay K8644, the tension increased approximately 10.6% from initial tension maximum, whereas, the treatment with nifedipine and verapamil caused a significant decrease in cellular tension: 10nM nifedipine decreased the biomechanical stress around 6,5% and 50nM verapamil by 2,8%, compared to the initial tension maximum. Additionally, all tested measurement modes provide similar results while focusing on different analysis parameters. Conclusion: The CellDrum technology allows highly sensitive biomechanical stress measurements of cultured haSMC monolayers. The mechanical stress responses evoked by the application of vasoactive calcium channel modulators were quantified functionally (N/m²). All tested operation modes resulted in equal findings, whereas each mode features operation-related data analysis.
With the variety of toothbrushes on the market, the question arises, which toothbrush is best suited to maintain oral health? This thematic review focuses first on plaque formation mechanisms and then on the plaque removal effectiveness of ultrasonic toothbrushes and their potential in preventing oral diseases like periodontitis, gingivitis, and caries. We overviewed the physical effects that occurred during brushing and tried to address the question of whether ultrasonic toothbrushes effectively reduced the microbial burden by increasing the hydrodynamic forces. The results of published studies show that electric toothbrushes, which combine ultrasonic and sonic (or acoustic and mechanic) actions, may have the most promising effect on good oral health. Existing ultrasonic/sonic toothbrush models do not significantly differ regarding the removal of dental biofilm and the reduction of gingival inflammation compared with other electrically powered toothbrushes, whereas the manual toothbrushes show a lower effectiveness.
There is a growing body of evidence for the effects of vitamin D on intestinal host-microbiome interactions related to gut dysbiosis and bowel inflammation. This brief review highlights the potential links between vitamin D and gut health, emphasizing the role of vitamin D in microbiological and immunological mechanisms of inflammatory bowel diseases. A comprehensive literature search was carried out in PubMed and Google Scholar using combinations of keywords “vitamin D,” “intestines,” “gut microflora,” “bowel inflammation”. Only articles published in English and related to the study topic are included in the review. We discuss how vitamin D (a) modulates intestinal microbiome function, (b) controls antimicrobial peptide expression, and (c) has a protective effect on epithelial barriers in the gut mucosa. Vitamin D and its nuclear receptor (VDR) regulate intestinal barrier integrity, and control innate and adaptive immunity in the gut. Metabolites from the gut microbiota may also regulate expression of VDR, while vitamin D may influence the gut microbiota and exert anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating effects. The underlying mechanism of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of bowel diseases is not fully understood, but maintaining an optimal vitamin D status appears to be beneficial for gut health. Future studies will shed light on the molecular mechanisms through which vitamin D and VDR interactions affect intestinal mucosal immunity, pathogen invasion, symbiont colonization, and antimicrobial peptide expression.
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a promising material for biomedical applications due to its unique properties such as high mechanical strength and biocompatibility. This article describes the microbiological synthesis, modification, and characterization of the obtained BC-nanocomposites originating from symbiotic consortium Medusomyces gisevii. Two BC-modifications have been obtained: BC-Ag and BC-calcium phosphate (BC-Ca3(PO4)2). Structure and physicochemical properties of the BC and its modifications were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and infrared Fourier spectroscopy as well as by measurements of mechanical and water holding/absorbing capacities. Topographic analysis of the surface revealed multicomponent thick fibrils (150–160 nm in diameter and about 15 µm in length) constituted by 50–60 nm nanofibrils weaved into a left-hand helix. Distinctive features of Ca-phosphate-modified BC samples were (a) the presence of 500–700 nm entanglements and (b) inclusions of Ca3(PO4)2 crystals. The samples impregnated with Ag nanoparticles exhibited numerous roundish inclusions, about 110 nm in diameter. The boundaries between the organic and inorganic phases were very distinct in both cases. The Ag-modified samples also showed a prominent waving pattern in the packing of nanofibrils. The obtained BC gel films possessed water-holding capacity of about 62.35 g/g. However, the dried (to a constant mass) BC-films later exhibited a low water absorption capacity (3.82 g/g). It was found that decellularized BC samples had 2.4 times larger Young’s modulus and 2.2 times greater tensile strength as compared to dehydrated native BC films. We presume that this was caused by molecular compaction of the BC structure.