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Jedes Jahr werden Hunderttausende Fahrradrahmen produziert. 90 % davon werden in Asien hergestellt und von dort über die ganze Welt versendet. Mehr als 80 % der Rahmen werden nach der Nutzung wieder nach Asien zurückgeschickt und landen dort auf riesigen Fahrradfriedhöfen. Das Kinderfahrradkonzept "KiBix" wirkt diesem Problem entgegen, indem es eine Alternative für das regelmäßige Kaufen von neuen Kinderfahrrädern bietet. Im Fokus stehen der Kinderfahrradrahmen und die Gabel aus Kunststoff, welche im Spritzgussverfahren produziert werden. Das City-Bike ist in ein Abo-Sharing-System mit Rädern in unterschiedlichen Größen eingebettet, welches durch eine monatliche Gebühr wie das Eigene genutzt werden kann. Der hohlgespritzte Rahmen ermöglicht die Integration kleiner Boxen im Inneren, in denen Kinder ihre persönlichen "Schätze" mitnehmen können. Somit vereint das Konzept die drei Segmente Material/Produktion, Sharing-System und die Mitnahme des "Schatzes". "KiBix" gibt Kindern in Zeiten der Digitalisierung und der globalen Erwärmung die Möglichkeit, selbstbestimmt und nachhaltig die Welt zu erkunden.
Atmen tut jeder, automatisch. Es wird nicht auf die Ausführung geachtet. Doch was, wenn nur ein wenig Feinschliff an unserer Atmung bereits Großes für unsere Gesundheit bewirkt?
Von etlichen unterschiedlichen Studien wurde bezeugt, dass Atmung und Empfinden eins sind. Das persönliche Empfinden ist unser Portal zur Außenwelt. Die Art wie wir auf äußerliche Reize reagieren, wie achtsam wir im Tun und Denken sind, spiegelt unsere Innenwelt und körperliches Wohlbefinden wieder.
FLOWCEAN QI dient dazu, Stress- und Angststörungen im Alltagsleben für Berufstätige mit hohem Stressfaktor zu reduzieren. Vor allem, um das Gesundheitssystem zu entlasten und die Psyche der Menschen gesund wieder aufzubauen. Sind Berufstätige viel gelassener, steigen auch Leistung und Produktivität. Es ist immer wichtig, die Kernursache von Problemen zu finden und zu lösen. So können auch vielerlei andere auf die Psyche zurückzuführende Probleme der Gesellschaft gelöst werden.
FLOWCEAN QI agiert durch modernste Technologie aktiv mit dem Nutzer. Die KI-Assistenz gestaltet das Lernen der Atemtechniken spaßiger, was wiederum den Lerneffekt verbessert. Der Beamer wird im Innenbereich platziert und der Tracker begleitet einen unterwegs und zeichnet die Datenanalyse auf. Für mehr Datenschutz ist das Armband ein reines offline Produkt. Förmlich sollte es dem Nutzer nah sein, naturverbunden, vertrauenswürdig und beruhigend wirken.
FLOWCEAN QI basiert gestalterisch auf eine antike japanische Philosophie namens „Kintsugi“. Nach der japanischen Philosophie Kintsugi werden zerbrochene Teegläser wiederzusammengeklebt statt weggeworfen. Die in Teile getrennten Elemente werden glatt und geschmeidig wieder zusammengefügt. Sie formen ein neues Ganzes, dass die Schönheit des Originals meist übertrifft. Die Ästhetik hinter „Kintsugi“ nennt man „Wabi-Sabi“. Es bedeutet, die Schönheit im Vergänglichen, Alten oder Fehlerhaften zu verstehen. Die Philosophie dahinter wird metaphorisch auf das Design abgebildet und auf unsere Gesundheit übertragen. Statt letztere zu ignorieren, schenken wir ihr unsere volle Aufmerksamkeit. Ziel der Produkte ist, uns stets an sie zu erinnern, sodass wir täglich an unserem Wohlbefinden arbeiten können.
Von Zeichentisch und Letraset zu inhaltsbasierter Füllung und OpenType – wie sich die Werkzeuge des Grafikdesigns entwickelt und die Gestaltungsprozesse beeinflusst haben. Die Bachelorarbeit „Toolbar: Werkzeuge des Grafikdesigns“ setzt sich mit der eigenen Disziplin, dem Grafikdesign, auseinander und geht dabei seinen Wurzeln, den Werkzeugen, nach. Im Rahmen dessen werden in Gesprächen mit verschiedenen Gestalter*innen Tools und Technologien des Grafikdesigns untersucht und verglichen – angefangen vom analogen Paste-Up bis hin zu modernen Designmethoden. Dabei wird diskutiert, wie sich die Werkzeuge im Laufe der Zeit entwickelt haben und welche Auswirkungen dies auf das Grafikdesign und die Positionierung von Designer*innen hatte. Außerdem wird die Bedeutung von Werkzeugen im kreativen Prozess und ihre Auswirkungen auf die Gestaltung hinterfragt und aufgezeigt.
Motile cilia are hair-like cell extensions that beat periodically to generate fluid flow along various epithelial tissues within the body. In dense multiciliated carpets, cilia were shown to exhibit a remarkable coordination of their beat in the form of traveling metachronal waves, a phenomenon which supposedly enhances fluid transport. Yet, how cilia coordinate their regular beat in multiciliated epithelia to move fluids remains insufficiently understood, particularly due to lack of rigorous quantification. We combine experiments, novel analysis tools, and theory to address this knowledge gap. To investigate collective dynamics of cilia, we studied zebrafish multiciliated epithelia in the nose and the brain. We focused mainly on the zebrafish nose, due to its conserved properties with other ciliated tissues and its superior accessibility for non-invasive imaging. We revealed that cilia are synchronized only locally and that the size of local synchronization domains increases with the viscosity of the surrounding medium. Even though synchronization is local only, we observed global patterns of traveling metachronal waves across the zebrafish multiciliated epithelium. Intriguingly, these global wave direction patterns are conserved across individual fish, but different for left and right noses, unveiling a chiral asymmetry of metachronal coordination. To understand the implications of synchronization for fluid pumping, we used a computational model of a regular array of cilia. We found that local metachronal synchronization prevents steric collisions, i.e., cilia colliding with each other, and improves fluid pumping in dense cilia carpets, but hardly affects the direction of fluid flow. In conclusion, we show that local synchronization together with tissue-scale cilia alignment coincide and generate metachronal wave patterns in multiciliated epithelia, which enhance their physiological function of fluid pumping.
Der heutige Alltag vieler Menschen ist durch längere Sitz-Einheiten gekennzeichnet, während die körperliche Bewegung vernachlässigt wird. Diese Entwicklung kann einen negativen Einfluss auf die Haltung von Personen und ihre Gesundheit haben. In diesem Fall ist eine korrekte Haltung nicht nur für die körperliche, sondern auch für die psychische Gesundheit von großer Relevanz. Die Bachelorarbeit „LittleHabit“ ermöglicht es, dass bei Kindern die Bewegung nach langen Sitz-Einheiten durch gezieltes Training zur Gewohnheit wird. Hierbei wird zwischen dem Zuhause- und dem Schulbereich differenziert. Zu Hause soll das Kind beim Erledigen der Hausaufgaben durch Animationen und Lichtsignale dazu motiviert werden, Bewegungspausen einzulegen. In der Schule soll dieses Vorhaben in reduzierter Form aufgegriffen und mithilfe von Licht- und Farbsignalen umgesetzt werden. Darüber hinaus fördert es die intrinsische Motivation, sodass Kinder aus eigenem Antrieb ein Interesse dafür entwickeln, sich nach langen Sitz-Einheiten zu bewegen. LittleHabit setzt einen Baustein für die Entwicklung einer gesunden Sitz-Haltung und zielt darauf ab, Haltungsschwächen zu verhindern.
Despite the challenges of pioneering molten salt towers (MST), it remains the leading technology in central receiver power plants today, thanks to cost effective storage integration and high cost reduction potential. The limited controllability in volatile solar conditions can cause significant losses, which are difficult to estimate without comprehensive modeling [1]. This paper presents a Methodology to generate predictions of the dynamic behavior of the receiver system as part of an operating assistance system (OAS). Based on this, it delivers proposals if and when to drain and refill the receiver during a cloudy period in order maximize the net yield and quantifies the amount of net electricity gained by this. After prior analysis with a detailed dynamic two-phase model of the entire receiver system, two different reduced modeling approaches where developed and implemented in the OAS. A tailored decision algorithm utilizes both models to deliver the desired predictions efficiently and with appropriate accuracy.
Antibias training is increasingly demanded and practiced in academia and industry to increase employees’ sensitivity to discrimination, racism, and diversity. Under the heading of “Diversity Management,” antibias trainings are mainly offered as one-off workshops intending to raise awareness of unconscious biases, create a diversity-affirming corporate culture, promote awareness of the potential of
diversity, and ultimately enable the reflection of diversity in development processes. However, coming from childhood education, research and scientific articles on the sustainable effectiveness of antibias in adulthood, especially in academia, are very scarce. In order to fill this research gap, the article aims to explore how sustainable the effects of individual antibias trainings on participants’ behavior are. In order to investigate this, participant observation in a qualitative pre–post setting was conducted, analyzing antibias training in an academic context. Two observers actively participated in the training sessions and documented the activities and reflection processes of the participants. Overall, the results question the effectiveness of single antibias trainings and show that a target-group adaptive approach is mandatory owing to the background of the approach in early childhood education. Therefore, antibias work needs to be adapted to the target group’s needs and realities of life. Furthermore, the study reveals that single antibias trainings must be embedded in a holistic diversity management approach to stimulate sustainable reflection processes among the target group. This article is one of the first to scientifically evaluate antibias training effectiveness, especially in engineering sciences and the university context.
The complex questions of today for a world of tomorrow are characterized by their global impact. Solutions must therefore not only be sustainable in the sense of the three pillars of sustainability (economic, environmental, and social) but must also function globally. This goes hand in hand with the need for intercultural acceptance of developed services and products. To achieve this, engineers, as the problem solvers of the future, must be able to work in intercultural teams on appropriate solutions, and be sensitive to intercultural perspectives. To equip the engineers of the future with the so-called future skills, teaching concepts are needed in which students can acquire these methods and competencies in application-oriented formats. The presented course "Applying Design Thinking - Sustainability, Innovation and Interculturality" was developed to teach future skills from the competency areas Digital Key Competencies, Classical Competencies and Transformative Competencies. The CDIO Standard 3.0, in particular the standards 5, 6, 7 and 8, was used as a guideline. The course aims to prepare engineering students from different disciplines and cultures for their future work in an international environment by combining a digital teaching format with an interdisciplinary, transdisciplinary and intercultural setting for solving sustainability challenges. The innovative moment lies in the digital application of design thinking and the inclusion of intercultural as well as trans- and interdisciplinary perspectives in innovation development processes. In this paper, the concept of the course will be presented in detail and the particularities of a digital implementation of design thinking will be addressed. Subsequently, the potentials and challenges will be reflected and practical advice for integrating design thinking in engineering education will be given.
This paper presents an approach to predicting the sound exposure on the ground caused by a landing aircraft with recuperating propellers. The noise source along the trajectory of a flight specified for a steeper approach is simulated based on measurements of sound power levels and additional parameters of a single propeller placed in a wind tunnel. To validate the measured data/measurement results, these simulations are also supported by overflight measurements of a test aircraft. It is shown that the simple source models of propellers do not provide fully satisfactory results since the sound levels are estimated too low. Nevertheless, with a further reference comparison, margins for an acceptable increase in the sound power level of the aircraft on its now steeper approach path could be estimated. Thus, in this case, a +7 dB increase in SWL would not increase the SEL compared to the conventional approach within only 2 km ahead of the airfield.
Residential and commercial buildings account for more than one-third of global energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Integrated multi-energy systems at the district level are a promising way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by exploiting economies of scale and synergies between energy sources. Planning district energy systems comes with many challenges in an ever-changing environment. Computational modelling established itself as the state-of-the-art method for district energy system planning. Unfortunately, it is still cumbersome to combine standalone models to generate insights that surpass their original purpose. Ideally, planning processes could be solved by using modular tools that easily incorporate the variety of competing and complementing computational models. Our contribution is a vision for a collaborative development and application platform for multi-energy system planning tools at the district level. We present challenges of district energy system planning identified in the literature and evaluate whether this platform can help to overcome these challenges. Further, we propose a toolkit that represents the core technical elements of the platform. Lastly, we discuss community management and its relevance for the success of projects with collaboration and knowledge sharing at their core.
Stand 01.01.2022 sind in Deutschland 618.460 elektrisch angetriebene KFZ zugelassen. Insgesamt sind derzeit 48.540.878 KFZ zugelassen, was einer Elektromobilitätsquote von ca. 1,2 % entspricht. Derzeit werden Elektromobile über Ladestationen oder Steckdosen mit dem Stromnetz verbunden und üblicherweise mit der vollen Ladekapazität des Anschlusses aufgeladen, bis das Batteriemanagementsystem des Fahrzeugs abhängig vom Ladezustand der Batterie die Ladeleistung reduziert.
Aspergillus oryzae is an industrially relevant organism for the secretory production of heterologous enzymes, especially amylases. The activities of potential heterologous amylases, however, cannot be quantified directly from the supernatant due to the high background activity of native α-amylase. This activity is caused by the gene products of amyA, amyB, and amyC. In this study, an in vitro CRISPR/Cas9 system was established in A. oryzae to delete these genes simultaneously. First, pyrG of A. oryzae NSAR1 was mutated by exploiting NHEJ to generate a counter-selection marker. Next, all amylase genes were deleted simultaneously by co-transforming a repair template carrying pyrG of Aspergillus nidulans and flanking sequences of amylase gene loci. The rate of obtained triple knock-outs was 47%. We showed that triple knockouts do not retain any amylase activity in the supernatant. The established in vitro CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to achieve sequence-specific knock-in of target genes. The system was intended to incorporate a single copy of the gene of interest into the desired host for the development of screening methods. Therefore, an integration cassette for the heterologous Fpi amylase was designed to specifically target the amyB locus. The site-specific integration rate of the plasmid was 78%, with exceptional additional integrations. Integration frequency was assessed via qPCR and directly correlated with heterologous amylase activity. Hence, we could compare the efficiency between two different signal peptides. In summary, we present a strategy to exploit CRISPR/Cas9 for gene mutation, multiplex knock-out, and the targeted knock-in of an expression cassette in A. oryzae. Our system provides straightforward strain engineering and paves the way for development of fungal screening systems.
The first and last mile of a railway journey, in both freight and transit applications, constitutes a high effort and is either non-productive (e.g. in the case of depot operations) or highly inefficient (e.g. in industrial railways). These parts are typically managed on-sight, i.e. with no signalling and train protection systems ensuring the freedom of movement. This is possible due to the rather short braking distances of individual vehicles and shunting consists. The present article analyses the braking behaviour of such shunting units. For this purpose, a dedicated model is developed. It is calibrated on published results of brake tests and validated against a high-definition model for low-speed applications. Based on this model, multiple simulations are executed to obtain a Monte Carlo simulation of the resulting braking distances. Based on the distribution properties and established safety levels, the risk of exceeding certain braking distances is evaluated and maximum braking distances are derived. Together with certain parameters of the system, these can serve in the design and safety assessment of driver assistance systems and automation of these processes.
In times of social climate protection movements, such as Fridays for Future, the priorities of society, industry and higher education are currently changing. The consideration of sustainability challenges is increasing. In the context of sustainable development, social skills are crucial to achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In particular, the impact that educational activities have on people, communities and society is therefore coming to the fore. Research has shown that people with high levels of social competence are better able to manage stressful situations, maintain positive relationships and communicate effectively. They are also associated with better academic performance and career success. However, especially in engineering programs, the social pillar is underrepresented compared to the environmental and economic pillars.
In response to these changes, higher education institutions should be more aware of their social impact - from individual forms of teaching to entire modules and degree programs. To specifically determine the potential for improvement and derive resulting change for further development, we present an initial framework for social impact measurement by transferring already established approaches from the business sector to the education sector. To demonstrate the applicability, we measure the key competencies taught in undergraduate engineering programs in Germany.
The aim is to prepare the students for success in the modern world of work and their future contribution to sustainable development. Additionally, the university can include the results in its sustainability report. Our method can be applied to different teaching methods and enables their comparison.
This book is based on a multimedia course for biological and chemical engineers, which is designed to trigger students' curiosity and initiative. A solid basic knowledge of thermodynamics and kinetics is necessary for understanding many technical, chemical, and biological processes.
The one-semester basic lecture course was divided into 12 workshops (chapters). Each chapter covers a practically relevant area of physical chemistry and contains the following didactic elements that make this book particularly exciting and understandable:
- Links to Videos at the start of each chapter as preparation for the workshop
- Key terms (in bold) for further research of your own
- Comprehension questions and calculation exercises with solutions as learning checks
- Key illustrations as simple, easy-to-replicate blackboard pictures
Humorous cartoons for each workshop (by Faelis) additionally lighten up the text and facilitate the learning process as a mnemonic. To round out the book, the appendix includes a summary of the most popular experiments in basic physical chemistry courses, as well as suggestions for designing workshops with exhibits, experiments, and "questions of the day."
Suitable for students minoring in chemistry; chemistry majors are sure to find this slimmed-down, didactically valuable book helpful as well. The book is excellent for self-study.
Damit Sie auch in den immer häufiger werdenden Onlineveranstaltungen als Moderator gut bestehen, sollten Sie wissen, was bei der Onlinemoderation im Besonderen zu beachten ist.
In diesem dritten Teil der Beitragsserie erfahren Sie, warum online anders als offline ist. Die technischen Möglichkeiten werden vorgestellt und auch wie diese zu nutzen sind. Schließlich erhalten Sie Tipps, die Sie beim Sprechen online beachten sollten.
Damit Sie auch in den immer häufiger werdenden Onlineveranstaltungen als Moderator gut bestehen, sollten Sie wissen, was bei der Onlinemoderation im Besonderen zu beachten ist.
In diesem dritten Teil der Beitragsserie erfahren Sie, warum online anders als offline ist. Die technischen Möglichkeiten werden vorgestellt und auch wie diese zu nutzen sind. Schließlich erhalten Sie Tipps, die Sie beim Sprechen online beachten sollten.
Experimental determination of the cross sections of proton capture on radioactive nuclei is extremely difficult. Therefore, it is of substantial interest for the understanding of the production of the p-nuclei. For the first time, a direct measurement of proton-capture cross sections on stored, radioactive ions became possible in an energy range of interest for nuclear astrophysics. The experiment was performed at the Experimental Storage Ring (ESR) at GSI by making use of a sensitive method to measure (p,γ) and (p,n) reactions in inverse kinematics. These reaction channels are of high relevance for the nucleosyn-thesis processes in supernovae, which are among the most violent explosions in the universe and are not yet well understood. The cross section of the ¹¹⁸Te(p,γ) reaction has been measured at energies of 6 MeV/u and 7 MeV/u. The heavy ions interacted with a hydrogen gas jet target. The radiative recombination process of the fully stripped ¹¹⁸Te ions and electrons from the hydrogen target was used as a luminosity monitor. An overview of the experimental method and preliminary results from the ongoing analysis will be presented.
Fahrzeugstruktur
(2023)
Um sowohl Treibhausgas-Emissionen zu verringern als auch Kraftstoffressourcen zu schonen, wird zunehmend an einer Transformation konventionell angetriebener Kraftfahrzeuge hin zu elektrifizierten Antriebskonzepten gearbeitet. Basierend auf herkömmlichen Fahrzeugen mit Verbrennungsmotor wurde eine Vielzahl neuer Antriebssysteme mit verschiedenem Elektrifizierungsgrad entwickelt. Mitte der 1990er-Jahre kamen erste Fahrzeuge mit einem Hybridantrieb auf den Markt. Die Kombination aus Verbrennungs- und Elektromotor erlaubt eine Verbrauchsreduktion und Bremsenergierückgewinnung sowie lokal emissionsfreies Fahren.