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Macdonald, Malcolm ; McGrath, C. ; Appourchaux, T. ; Dachwald, Bernd ; Finsterle, W. ; Gizon, L. ; Liewer, P. C. ; McInnes, Colin R. ; Mengali, G. ; Seboldt, Wolfgang ; Sekii, T. ; Solanki, S. K. ; Velli, M. ; Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F. ; Spietz, Peter ; Reinhard, Ruedeger
A technology reference study for a solar polar mission is presented. The study uses novel analytical methods to quantify the mission design space including the required sail performance to achieve a given solar polar observation angle within a given timeframe and thus to derive mass allocations for the remaining spacecraft sub-systems, that is excluding the solar sail sub-system. A parametric, bottom-up, system mass budget analysis is then used to establish the required sail technology to deliver a range of science payloads, and to establish where such payloads can be delivered to within a given timeframe. It is found that a solar polar mission requires a solar sail of side-length 100–125 m to deliver a ‘sufficient value’ minimum science payload, and that a 2.5 μm sail film substrate is typically required, however the design is much less sensitive to the boom specific mass.
Malan, Leone ; Hamer, Mark ; Känel, Roland von ; Kotliar, Konstantin ; Wyk, Roelof D. van ; Lambert, Gavin W. ; Vilser, Walthard ; Ziemssen, Tjalf ; Schlaich, Markus P. ; Smith, Wayne ; Magnusson, Martin ; Wentzel, Annemarie ; Myburgh, Carlien E. ; Steyn, Hendrik S. ; Malan, Nico T.
Malinowski, Daniel ; Fournier, Yvan ; Horbach, Andreas ; Frick, Michael ; Magliani, Mirko ; Kalverkamp, Sebastian ; Hildinger, Martin ; Spillner, Jan ; Behbahani, Mehdi ; Hima, Flutura
Introduction: In peripheral percutaneous (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) procedures the femoral arteries perfusion route has inherent disadvantages regarding poor upper body perfusion due to watershed. With the advent of new long flexible cannulas an advancement of the tip up to the ascending aorta has become feasible. To investigate the impact of such long endoluminal cannulas on upper body perfusion, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study was performed considering different support levels and three cannula positions.
Methods: An idealized literature-based- and a real patient proximal aortic geometry including an endoluminal cannula were constructed. The blood flow was considered continuous. Oxygen saturation was set to 80% for the blood coming from the heart and to 100% for the blood leaving the cannula. 50% and 90% venoarterial support levels from the total blood flow rate of 6 l/min were investigated for three different positions of the cannula in the aortic arch.
Results: For both geometries, the placement of the cannula in the ascending aorta led to a superior oxygenation of all aortic blood vessels except for the left coronary artery. Cannula placements at the aortic arch and descending aorta could support supra-aortic arteries, but not the coronary arteries. All positions were able to support all branches with saturated blood at 90% flow volume.
Conclusions: In accordance with clinical observations CFD analysis reveals, that retrograde advancement of a long endoluminal cannula can considerably improve the oxygenation of the upper body and lead to oxygen saturation distributions similar to those of a central cannulation.
Wearable EEG has gained popularity in recent years driven by promising uses outside of clinics and research. The ubiquitous application of continuous EEG requires unobtrusive form-factors that are easily acceptable by the end-users. In this progression, wearable EEG systems have been moving from full scalp to forehead and recently to the ear. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that emerging ear-EEG provides similar impedance and signal properties as established forehead EEG. EEG data using eyes-open and closed alpha paradigm were acquired from ten healthy subjects using generic earpieces fitted with three custom-made electrodes and a forehead electrode (at Fpx) after impedance analysis. Inter-subject variability in in-ear electrode impedance ranged from 20 kΩ to 25 kΩ at 10 Hz. Signal quality was comparable with an SNR of 6 for in-ear and 8 for forehead electrodes. Alpha attenuation was significant during the eyes-open condition in all in-ear electrodes, and it followed the structure of power spectral density plots of forehead electrodes, with the Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.92 between in-ear locations ELE (Left Ear Superior) and ERE (Right Ear Superior) and forehead locations, Fp1 and Fp2, respectively. The results indicate that in-ear EEG is an unobtrusive alternative in terms of impedance, signal properties and information content to established forehead EEG.
Conventional EEG devices cannot be used in everyday life and hence, past decade research has been focused on Ear-EEG for mobile, at-home monitoring for various applications ranging from emotion detection to sleep monitoring. As the area available for electrode contact in the ear is limited, the electrode size and location play a vital role for an Ear-EEG system. In this investigation, we present a quantitative study of ear-electrodes with two electrode sizes at different locations in a wet and dry configuration. Electrode impedance scales inversely with size and ranges from 450 kΩ to 1.29 MΩ for dry and from 22 kΩ to 42 kΩ for wet contact at 10 Hz. For any size, the location in the ear canal with the lowest impedance is ELE (Left Ear Superior), presumably due to increased contact pressure caused by the outer-ear anatomy. The results can be used to optimize signal pickup and SNR for specific applications. We demonstrate this by recording sleep spindles during sleep onset with high quality (5.27 μVrms).
Mansurov, Z. ; Digel, Ilya ; Biisenbaev, M. ; Savistkaya, I. ; Kistaubaeva, A. ; Akimbekov, Nuraly S. ; Zhubanova, A.
Mansurov, Zulkhair A. ; Jandosov, J. M. ; Kerimkulova, A. R. ; Azat, S. ; Zhubanova, Azhar Achmet ; Digel, Ilya ; Savistkaya, I. S. ; Akimbekov, Nuraly S. ; Kistaubaeva, A. S.
One of the priority trends of carbon nanotechnology is creation of nanocomposite systems. Such carbon nanostructured composites were produced using - raw materials based on the products of agricultural waste, such as grape stones, apricot stones, rice husk. These products have a - wide spectrum of application and can be obtained in large quantities. The Institute of Combustion Problems has carried out the work on synthesis of the nanostructured carbon sorbents for multiple applications including the field of biomedicine. The article presents the data on the synthesis and physico-chemical properties of carbonaceous sorbents using physicochemical methods of investigation: separation and purification of biomolecules; isolation of phytohormone - fusicoccin; adsorbent INGO-1 in the form of an adsorption column for blood detoxification, oral (entero) sorbent - INGO-2; the study of efferent and probiotic properties and sorption activity in regard to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), new biocomposites - based on carbonized rice husk (CRH) and cellular microorganisms; the use of CRH in wound treatment. A new material for blood detoxication (INGO-1) has been obtained. Adsorption of p-cresyl sulfate and indoxyl sulfate has shown that active carbon adsorbent can remove clinically significant level of p-cresyl sulfate and indoxyl sulfate from human plasma. Enterosorbent INGO-2 possesses high adsorption activity in relation to Gram-negative bacteria and their endotoxins. INGO-2 slows down the growth of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms, without having a negative effect on bifido and lactobacteria. The use of enterosorbent INGO-2 for sorption therapy may provide a solution to a complex problem - detoxication of the digestive tract and normalization of the intestinal micro ecology. The immobilized probiotic called "Riso-lact" was registered at the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan as a biologically active food additive. The developed technology is patented and provides production of the medicine in the form of freeze-dried biomass immobilized in vials.
Biocomposite Materials Based on Carbonized Rice Husk in Biomedicine and Environmental Applications
(2020)
Mansurov, Zulkhair A. ; Jandosov, Jakpar ; Chenchik, D. ; Azat, Seitkhan ; Savitskaya, Irina S. ; Kistaubaeva, Aida ; Akimbekov, Nuraly S. ; Digel, Ilya ; Zhubanova, Azhar Achmet
This chapter describes the prospects for biomedical and environmental engineering applications of heterogeneous materials based on nanostructured carbonized rice husk. Efforts in engineering enzymology are focused on the following directions: development and optimization of immobilization methods leading to novel biotechnological and biomedical applications; construction of biocomposite materials based on individual enzymes, multi-enzyme complexes and whole cells, targeted on realization of specific industrial processes. Molecular biological and biochemical studies on cell adhesion focus predominantly on identification, isolation and structural analysis of attachment-responsible biological molecules and their genetic determinants. The chapter provides a short overview of applications of the biocomposite materials based of nanostructured carbonized adsorbents. It emphasizes that further studies and better understanding of the interactions between CNS and microbial cells are necessary. The future use of living cells as biocatalysts, especially in the environmental field, needs more systematic investigations of the microbial adsorption phenomenon.
The sorption of LPS toxic shock by nanoparticles on base of carbonized vegetable raw materials
(2008)
Mansurov, Zulkhair ; Zhubanova, Azhar A. ; Digel, Ilya ; Artmann, Gerhard ; Temiz Artmann, Aysegül ; Savitskaja, Irina S. ; Kozhalakova, A. A. ; Kistaubaeva, Aida S.
Immobilization of lactobacillus on high temperature carbonizated vegetable raw material (rice husk, grape stones) increases their physiological activity and the quantity of the antibacterial metabolits, that consequently lead to increase of the antagonistic activity of lactobacillus. It is implies that the use of the nanosorbents for the attachment of the probiotical microorganisms are highly perspective for decision the important problems, such as the probiotical preparations delivery to the right address and their attachment to intestines mucosa with the following detoxication of gastro-intestinal tract and the normalization of it’s microecology. Besides that, thus, the received carbonizated nanoparticles have peculiar properties – ability to sorption of LPS toxical shock and, hence, to the detoxication of LPS.
McInnes, Colin R. ; Bothmer, Volker ; Dachwald, Bernd ; Geppert, Ulrich R. M. E. ; Heiligers, Jeannette ; Hilgers, Alan ; Johnson, Les ; Macdonald, Malcolm ; Reinhard, Ruedeger ; Seboldt, Wolfgang ; Spietz, Peter
A technology reference study for a displaced Lagrange point space weather mission is presented. The mission builds on previous concepts, but adopts a strong micro-spacecraft philosophy to deliver a low mass platform and payload which can be accommodated on the DLR/ESA Gossamer-3 technology demonstration mission. A direct escape from Geostationary Transfer Orbit is assumed with the sail deployed after the escape burn. The use of a miniaturized, low mass platform and payload then allows the Gossamer-3 solar sail to potentially double the warning time of space weather events. The mission profile and mass budgets will be presented to achieve these ambitious goals.
Kyphoplasty of Osteoporotic Fractured Vertebrae: A Finite Element Analysis about Two Types of Cement
(2019)
Meyer, Carolin ; Gaalen, Kerstin van ; Leschinger, Tim ; Scheyerer, Max J. ; Neiss, Wolfram F. ; Staat, Manfred ; Müller, Lars P. ; Wegmann, Kilian
Michael, Hackl ; Mayer, Katharina ; Weber, Mareike ; Staat, Manfred ; van Riet, Roger ; Burkhart, Klau Josef ; Müller, Lars Peter ; Wegmann, Kilian
Optical coherence tomography : a potential tool to predict premature rupture of fetal membranes
(2013)
Micili, Serap C. ; Valter, Markus ; Oflaz, Hakan ; Ozogul, Candan ; Linder, Peter ; Föckler, Nicole ; Artmann, Gerhard ; Digel, Ilya ; Temiz Artmann, Aysegül
Air-pulse corneal applanation signal curve parameters for the characterisation of keratoconus
(2011)
Mikucki, Jill Ann ; Schuler, C. G. ; Digel, Ilya ; Kowalski, Julia ; Tuttle, M. J. ; Chua, Michelle ; Davis, R. ; Purcell, Alicia ; Ghosh, D. ; Francke, G. ; Feldmann, M. ; Espe, C. ; Heinen, Dirk ; Dachwald, Bernd ; Clemens, Joachim ; Lyons, W. B. ; Tulaczyk, S.
Subglacial environments on Earth offer important analogs to Ocean World targets in our solar system. These unique microbial ecosystems remain understudied due to the challenges of access through thick glacial ice (tens to hundreds of meters). Additionally, sub-ice collections must be conducted in a clean manner to ensure sample integrity for downstream microbiological and geochemical analyses. We describe the field-based cleaning of a melt probe that was used to collect brine samples from within a glacier conduit at Blood Falls, Antarctica, for geomicrobiological studies. We used a thermoelectric melting probe called the IceMole that was designed to be minimally invasive in that the logistical requirements in support of drilling operations were small and the probe could be cleaned, even in a remote field setting, so as to minimize potential contamination. In our study, the exterior bioburden on the IceMole was reduced to levels measured in most clean rooms, and below that of the ice surrounding our sampling target. Potential microbial contaminants were identified during the cleaning process; however, very few were detected in the final englacial sample collected with the IceMole and were present in extremely low abundances (∼0.063% of 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences). This cleaning protocol can help minimize contamination when working in remote field locations, support microbiological sampling of terrestrial subglacial environments using melting probes, and help inform planetary protection challenges for Ocean World analog mission concepts.