Article
Refine
Year of publication
- 2024 (5)
- 2023 (14)
- 2022 (14)
- 2021 (11)
- 2020 (10)
- 2019 (7)
- 2018 (12)
- 2017 (11)
- 2016 (19)
- 2015 (20)
- 2014 (25)
- 2013 (24)
- 2012 (15)
- 2011 (22)
- 2010 (15)
- 2009 (18)
- 2008 (10)
- 2007 (14)
- 2006 (13)
- 2005 (12)
- 2004 (8)
- 2003 (8)
- 2002 (15)
- 2001 (16)
- 2000 (9)
- 1999 (10)
- 1998 (23)
- 1997 (15)
- 1996 (8)
- 1995 (28)
- 1994 (22)
- 1993 (9)
- 1992 (20)
- 1991 (8)
- 1990 (14)
- 1989 (15)
- 1988 (13)
- 1987 (12)
- 1986 (10)
- 1985 (7)
- 1984 (7)
- 1983 (9)
- 1982 (3)
- 1981 (2)
- 1980 (3)
- 1979 (8)
- 1978 (2)
- 1976 (1)
- 1975 (3)
- 1972 (1)
- 1971 (2)
Institute
- Fachbereich Chemie und Biotechnologie (602) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (602) (remove)
Keywords
- Heparin (3)
- Bacillaceae (2)
- Biotechnological application (2)
- Butanol (2)
- Chemometrics (2)
- IR spectroscopy (2)
- NMR spectroscopy (2)
- Principal component analysis (2)
- Standardization (2)
- Subtilases (2)
The Kremer-Grest (KG) bead-spring model is a near standard in Molecular Dynamic simulations of generic polymer properties. It owes its popularity to its computational efficiency, rather than its ability to represent specific polymer species and conditions. Here we investigate how to adapt the model to match the universal properties of a wide range of chemical polymers species. For this purpose we vary a single parameter originally introduced by Faller and Müller-Plathe, the chain stiffness. Examples include polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, cis-polyisoprene, polydimethylsiloxane, polyethyleneoxide and styrene-butadiene rubber. We do this by matching the number of Kuhn segments per chain and the number of Kuhn segments per cubic Kuhn volume for the polymer species and for the Kremer-Grest model. We also derive mapping relations for converting KG model units back to physical units, in particular we obtain the entanglement time for the KG model as function of stiffness allowing for a time mapping. To test these relations, we generate large equilibrated well entangled polymer melts, and measure the entanglement moduli using a static primitive-path analysis of the entangled melt structure as well as by simulations of step-strain deformation of the model melts. The obtained moduli for our model polymer melts are in good agreement with the experimentally expected moduli.
In Anbetracht des zu erwartenden Rückgangs der Verfügbarkeit fossiler Rohstoffe müssen nicht nur für den Energiesektor, sondern auch für die Herstellung industrieller Produkte alternative Rohstoffe gefunden werden. Ein Beispiel für einen nicht in Nahrungsmittelkonkurrenz stehenden nachwachsenden Rohstoff ist grüne Biomasse wie Gras und Klee. Diese lassen sich in Deutschland auf großen Flächen anbauen und enthalten eine Vielzahl potenzieller Substrate für Fermentationen.
Grass silage provides a great potential as renewable feedstock. Two fractions of the grass silage, a press juice and the fiber fraction, were evaluated for their possible use for bioethanol production. Direct production of ethanol from press juice is not possible due to high concentrations of organic acids. For the fiber fraction, alkaline peroxide or enzymatic pretreatment was used, which removes the phenolic acids in the cell wall. In this study, we demonstrate the possibility to integrate the enzymatic pretreatment with a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation to achieve ethanol production from grass silage in a one-process step. Achieved yields were about 53 g ethanol per kg silage with the alkaline peroxide pretreatment and 91 g/kg with the enzymatic pretreatment at concentrations of 8.5 and 14.6 g/L, respectively. Furthermore, it was shown that additional supplementation of the fermentation medium with vitamins, trace elements and nutrient salts is not necessary when the press juice is directly used in the fermentation step.
Grassilage stellt einen nachwachsenden Rohstoff mit großem Potenzial dar. Neben Cellulose und Hemicellulose enthält sie auch organische Säuren, insbesondere Milchsäure. In einem Bioraffinerie-Projekt wird die Milchsäure aus der Silage isoliert und mit gentechnisch optimierten Stämmen zu L-Lysin weiterverarbeitet. Die Lignocellulose wird hydrolysiert und zu Ethanol fermentiert. Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf der Integration der unterschiedlichen Prozesse sowie der einzelnen Prozessschritte zu einem Gesamtprozess, der sämtliche Inhaltsstoffe der Silage verwertet.