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- Out-of-plane load (3)
- earthquakes (3)
- Adjacent buildings (2)
- Historical centres (2)
- INODIS (2)
- Seismic loading (2)
- Shake table test (2)
- Stone masonry (2)
- industrial facilities (2)
- installations (2)
- piping (2)
- seismic design (2)
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- Ausfachungsmauerwerk (1)
- Blind prediction competition (1)
- Capacity Curve (1)
- EN 1998-4 (1)
- ESHM20, industrial facilities (1)
- Earthquake (1)
- Earthquake Engineering (1)
- Erdbeben (1)
- INSYSME (1)
- In- plane damage (1)
- In-plane (1)
- In-plane load (1)
- Industrial facilities (1)
- Interaction (1)
- Isolation (1)
- Masonry infill (1)
- Masonry structures (1)
- Neo-Deterministic (1)
- Out-of-plane (1)
- Out-of-plane failure (1)
- Out-of-plane strength (1)
- RC frames (1)
- Seismic (1)
- Seismic Hazard (1)
- Seismic design (1)
- Stahlbetonrahmen (1)
- Structural health monitoring (1)
- Tanks (1)
- Unreinforced masonry walls (1)
- Vulnerability Curves (1)
- Window opening (1)
- Ziegelmauerwerk (1)
- behaviour factor q (1)
- connection detail (1)
- early warning and response system (1)
- earthquake (1)
- elastomeric bearing (1)
- finite element method (1)
- fluid structure interaction (1)
- fragility curves (1)
- friction pendulum bearing (1)
- in-plane (1)
- in-plane and out-of-plane failure (1)
- integration SHM in BIM (1)
- interconnected sensor systems (1)
- linear elastic analysis; (1)
- liquid storage tank (1)
- masonry structures (1)
- modern constructions (1)
- out-of-plane (1)
- safety control (1)
- seismic hazard (1)
- seismic isolation (1)
- seismic risk (1)
- seismic structural damage detection via SHM (1)
- seismic vulnerability (1)
- simplified approach (1)
- unreinforced masonry buildings (1)
- vocal fold oscillation (1)
Institute
Masonry infill walls are the most traditional enclosure system that is still widely used in RC frame buildings all over the world, particularly in seismic active regions. Although infill walls are usually neglected in seismic design, during an earthquake event they are subjected to in-plane and out-of-plane forces that can act separately or simultaneously. Since observations of damage to buildings after recent earthquakes showed detrimental effects of in-plane and out-of-plane load interaction on infill walls, the number of studies that focus on influence of in-plane damage on out-of-plane response has significantly increased. However, most of the xperimental campaigns have considered only solid infills and there is a lack of combined in-plane and out-of-plane experimental tests on masonry infills with openings, although windows and doors strongly affect seismic performance. In this paper, two types of experimental tests on infills with window openings are presented. The first is a pure out-of-plane test and the second one is a sequential in-plane and out-of-plane test aimed at investigating the effects of existing in-plane damage on outof-plane response. Additionally, findings from two tests with similar load procedure that were carried out on fully infilled RC frames in the scope of the same project are used for comparison. Test results clearly show that window opening increased vulnerability of infills to combined seismic actions and that prevention of damage in infills with openings is of the utmost importance for seismic safety.
This paper describes the concept of an innovative, interdisciplinary, user-oriented earthquake warning and rapid response system coupled with a structural health monitoring system (SHM), capable to detect structural damages in real time. The novel system is based on interconnected decentralized seismic and structural health monitoring sensors. It is developed and will be exemplarily applied on critical infrastructures in Lower Rhine Region, in particular on a road bridge and within a chemical industrial facility. A communication network is responsible to exchange information between sensors and forward warnings and status reports about infrastructures’health condition to the concerned recipients (e.g., facility operators, local authorities). Safety measures such as emergency shutdowns are activated to mitigate structural damages and damage propagation. Local monitoring systems of the infrastructures are integrated in BIM models. The visualization of sensor data and the graphic representation of the detected damages provide spatial content to sensors data and serve as a useful and effective tool for the decision-making processes after an earthquake in the region under consideration.
Reinforced concrete (RC) frames with masonry infills are frequently used in seismic regions all over the world. Generally masonry infills are considered as nonstructural elements and thus are typically neglected in the design process. However, the observations made after strong earthquakes have shown that masonry infills can modify the dynamic behavior of the structure significantly. The consequences were total collapses of buildings and loss of human lives. This paper presents the new system INODIS (Innovative Decoupled Infill System) developed within the European research project INSYSME (Innovative Systems for Earthquake Resistant Masonry Enclosures in RC Buildings). INODIS decouples the frame and the masonry infill by means of special U-shaped rubbers placed in between frame and infill. The effectiveness of the system was investigated by means of full scale tests on RC frames with masonry infills subjected to in-plane and out-of-plane loading. Furthermore small specimen tests were conducted to determine material characteristics of the components and the resistances of the connections. Finally, a micromodel was developed to simulate the in-plane behavior of RC frames infilled with AAC blocks with and without installation of the INODIS system.
In many historical centers in Europe, stone masonry is part of building aggregates, which developed when the layout of the city or village was densified. The analysis of such building aggregates is very challenging and modelling guidelines missing. Advances in the development of analysis methods have been impeded by the lack of experimental data on the seismic response of such aggregates. The SERA project AIMS (Seismic Testing of Adjacent Interacting Masonry Structures) provides such experimental data by testing an aggregate of two buildings under two horizontal components of dynamic excitation. With the aim to advance the modelling of unreinforced masonry aggregates, a blind prediction competition is organized before the experimental campaign. Each group has been provided a complete set of construction drawings, material properties, testing sequence and the list of measurements to be reported. The applied modelling approaches span from equivalent frame models to Finite Element models using shell elements and discrete element models with solid elements. This paper compares the first entries, regarding the modelling approaches, results in terms of base shear, roof displacements, interface openings, and the failure modes.
Recent earthquakes showed that low-rise URM buildings following codecompliant seismic design and details behaved in general very well without substantial damages. Although advances in simulation tools make nonlinear calculation methods more readily accessible to designers, linear analyses will still be the standard design method for years to come. The present paper aims to improve the linear seismic design method by providing a proper definition of the q-factor of URM buildings. Values of q-factors are derived for low-rise URM buildings with rigid diaphragms, with reference to modern structural configurations realized in low to moderate seismic areas of Italy and Germany. The behaviour factor components for deformation and energy dissipation capacity and for overstrength due to the redistribution of forces are derived by means of pushover analyses. As a result of the investigations, rationally based values of the behaviour factor q to be used in linear analyses in the range of 2.0 to 3.0 are proposed.