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ECG is corrupted by magneto-hydrodynamic effects at higher magnetic field strength. Artifacts in the ECG trace and severe T-wave elevation might be mis-interpreted as R-waves. MHD being inherently sensitive to blood flow and blood velocity provides an alternative approach for cardiac gating, even in peripheral target areas far away from the commonly used upper torso positions of ECG electrodes. This feature would be very beneficial to address traveling time induced motion artifacts and trigger latency related issues raised by ECG-gated peripheral MR angiography. For all those reasons, this work proposes the use of MHD-trigger for cardiac gated MR.
Forschungsbericht 2011
(2011)
Forschungsbericht / Themenheft : Life Sciences 4 Grußwort Prorektorin Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Christiane Vaeßen 6 Highlightprojekte 9 Nano- und Biotechnologien, Medizintechnik, Bioengineering 10 Institut für Nano- und Biotechnologien 11 Multifunktionaler Bio-Sensorchip für biodegradierbare Biopolymere 12 Intelligente Logik-Gatter mit stimuli-responsiven Hydrogelen 13 Entwicklung eines Multisensorsystems in Siliziumtechnik zur Berurteilung der Gärbiologie eines Anaerobfermenters in der Flüssigphase 14 Optimierung des Betriebs eines Biogasfermenters mithilfe eines Feldeffekt-Biosensors auf der Basis eines lichtadressierbaren potenziometrischen Sensors (Bio-LAPS) 15 Modulares Sensorsystem für die Zellkultur-Prozessentwicklung (Cellsens) 16 "Nano-inspirierte Oberflächen für die Entwicklung spezifischer Feldeffekt-Biosensoren 17 Multimodale Sensoren für die Umweltanalytik in flüssigen Medien im industriellen Umfeld 18 Gassensorik für den qualitativen und quantitativen Nachweis von H2O2 für aseptische Verpackungen im Bereich der Lebensmitteltechnologie 19 „Entwicklung von therapeutischen Impfstoffen gegen Krebs“ 20 Institut für Bioengineering 22 Zellbiophysik : Personalisierte Medizin - Wirkstoffanpassung mit CardiaKytos 23 Labor für Biomaterialien : Biokompatibilität von Werkstoffen bludruchströmter Medizingeräte 24 Labor für Zell- und Mikrobiologie : Zusammenschluss von Molekularer Biophysik und Mikrobiologie 25 Labor für Biomechanik : Virtuelle Realität: Geglättete Finite-Elemente –Methode zur Simulation in der Medizintechnik 26Labor für Biomechanik : Optimierung chirurgischer Klammernahtgeräte zur operativen Darm-Anastomose 27 Labor für Medizinische & Molekulare Biologie : CARA - Entwicklung einer nichtinvasiven Sonde für den klinischen Einsatz zur Prognose des Risikos einer Frühgeburt bei Schwangeren 30 Kompetenzplattform Bioengineering 31 IceMole eine sich autonom ins Eis grabende Sonde für die Polarforschung und die Suche nach Leben im Sonnensystem 33 Nahinfrarotspektroskopie zur Überwachung von Biogasanlagen 34 Schlingensysteme zur Behandlung von Belasungsinkontinenz 36 Weitere Forschungsaktivitäten Telemedizin : Produktstudien 39 Angewandte Polymerchemie, Nuklearchemie, Umweltbiotechnologie 40 Institut für angewandte Polymerchemie (IAP) : "Intelligente Hydrogele" als kontaktfrei steuerbare Pharmadepots zur gezielten Tumorbekämpfung 43 Das Labor für Nuklearchemie 45 Institut NOWUM -Energy 46 EnergieEffizienz-Netzwerk : Eine Chance für die Life-Science-Industrie 48 MiProBa : Ein Projekt zum Thema Biogas 49 Weitere Forschungsaktivitäten : IMMOTHERM 50 Systematische Untersuchung des Biogas-Prozesses : Beteiligte Mikroorganismen und deren Stoffwechsel 51 Der pflanzliche Aromatenstoffwechsel : Aller guten Dinge sind drei? Aromatenstoffwechsel 51 54 Impressum
Flight times to the heliopause using a combination of solar and radioisotope electric propulsion
(2011)
We investigate the interplanetary flight of a low-thrust space probe to the heliopause,located at a distance of about 200 AU from the Sun. Our goal was to reach this distance within the 25 years postulated by ESA for such a mission (which is less ambitious than the 15-year goal set by NASA). Contrary to solar sail concepts and combinations of allistic and electrically propelled flight legs, we have investigated whether the set flight time limit could also be kept with a combination of solar-electric propulsion and a second, RTG-powered upper stage. The used ion engine type was the RIT-22 for the first stage and the RIT-10 for the second stage. Trajectory optimization was carried out with the low-thrust optimization program InTrance, which implements the method of Evolutionary Neurocontrol,using Artificial Neural Networks for spacecraft steering and Evolutionary Algorithms to optimize the Neural Networks’ parameter set. Based on a parameter space study, in which the number of thrust units, the unit’s specific impulse, and the relative size of the solar power generator were varied, we have chosen one configuration as reference. The transfer time of this reference configuration was 29.6 years and the fastest one, which is technically
more challenging, still required 28.3 years. As all flight times of this parameter study were longer than 25 years, we further shortened the transfer time by applying a launcher-provided hyperbolic excess energy up to 49 km2/s2. The resulting minimal flight time for the reference configuration was then 27.8 years. The following, more precise optimization to a launch with the European Ariane 5 ECA rocket reduced the transfer time to 27.5 years. This is the fastest mission design of our study that is flexible enough to allow a launch every
year. The inclusion of a fly-by at Jupiter finally resulted in a flight time of 23.8 years,which is below the set transfer-time limit. However, compared to the 27.5-year transfer,this mission design has a significantly reduced launch window and mission flexibility if the
escape direction is restricted to the heliosphere’s “nose".
A light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) can measure the concentration of one or several analytes at the sensor surface simultaneously in a spatially resolved manner. A modulated light pointer stimulates the semiconductor structure at the area of interest and a responding photocurrent can be read out. By simultaneous stimulation of several areas with light pointers of different modulation frequencies, the read out can be performed at the same time. With the new proposed controller electronic based on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), it is possible to control the modulation frequencies, phase shifts, and light brightness of multiple light pointers independently and simultaneously. Thus, it is possible to investigate the frequency response of the sensor, and to examine the analyte concentration by the determination of the surface potential with the help of current/voltage curves and phase/voltage curves. Additionally, the ability to individually change the light intensities of each light pointer is used to perform signal correction.
Summary: This paper presents a methodology to study and understand the mechanics of stapled anastomotic behaviors by combining empirical experimentation and finite element analysis. Performance of stapled anastomosis is studied in terms of leakage and numerical results which are compared to in vitro experiments performed on fresh porcine tissue. Results suggest that leaks occur between the tissue and staple legs penetrating through the tissue.
The magnetic forces of fringe magnetic fields of MR systems on ferromagnetic components can impose a severe patient, occupational health and safety hazard. MRI accidents are listed as number 9 of the top 10 risks in modern medicine. With the advent of ultrahigh field MR systems including passively shielded magnet versions, this risk, commonly known as the missile or projectile effect is even more pronounced. A strategy employing magnetic field sensors which can be attached to ferromagnetic objects that are commonly used in a clinical environment is conceptually appealing for the pursuit of reducing the risk of ferromagnetic projectile accidents.