Article
Refine
Year of publication
Institute
- Fachbereich Medizintechnik und Technomathematik (1542)
- Fachbereich Wirtschaftswissenschaften (700)
- Fachbereich Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik (629)
- Fachbereich Energietechnik (598)
- Fachbereich Chemie und Biotechnologie (588)
- INB - Institut für Nano- und Biotechnologien (524)
- Fachbereich Maschinenbau und Mechatronik (463)
- IfB - Institut für Bioengineering (426)
- Fachbereich Luft- und Raumfahrttechnik (367)
- Fachbereich Bauingenieurwesen (327)
Has Fulltext
- no (5513) (remove)
Language
Document Type
- Article (5513) (remove)
Keywords
- avalanche (5)
- Earthquake (4)
- LAPS (4)
- field-effect sensor (4)
- frequency mixing magnetic detection (4)
- CellDrum (3)
- Heparin (3)
- capacitive field-effect sensor (3)
- hydrogen peroxide (3)
- impedance spectroscopy (3)
- magnetic nanoparticles (3)
- snow (3)
- sustainability (3)
- tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) (3)
- Architektur (2)
- Bacillus atrophaeus (2)
- Boundary integral equations (2)
- Chemometrics (2)
- Conductive boundary condition (2)
- Datenschutz (2)
- Datenschutzgrundverordnung (2)
- Deutschland (2)
- Drinfeld modules (2)
- Empirical process (2)
- Field-effect sensor (2)
- Germany (2)
- Goodness-of-fit test (2)
- Haustechnik (2)
- Heizung (2)
- Hot S-parameter (2)
- IR spectroscopy (2)
- Independence test (2)
- Klimatechnik (2)
- Light-addressable potentiometric sensor (2)
- Literaturanalyse (2)
- Lüftung (2)
- Lüftungstechnik (2)
- MINLP (2)
- NMR spectroscopy (2)
- Paired sample (2)
- Parametric bootstrap (2)
- Principal component analysis (2)
- Pump System (2)
- Raman spectroscopy (2)
- Referenzmodellierung (2)
- SLM (2)
- Standardization (2)
- Stiffness (2)
- Transcendence (2)
- Transmission eigenvalues (2)
- Wasserbau (2)
- Wasserwirtschaft (2)
- additive manufacturing (2)
- bacterial cellulose (2)
- biosensors (2)
- constructive alignment (2)
- damage (2)
- energy efficiency (2)
- examination (2)
- fused filament fabrication (2)
- gold nanoparticles (2)
- harmonic radar (2)
- immobilization (2)
- light-addressable potentiometric sensor (2)
- likelihood ratio test (2)
- locomotion (2)
- long-term retention (2)
- microfluidics (2)
- multimodal (2)
- muscle fascicle behavior (2)
- not identically distributed (2)
- practical learning (2)
- prebiotic (2)
- rapid tooling (2)
- rebound-effect (2)
- t-modules (2)
- ultrasound (2)
- ultrasound imaging (2)
- (Bio)degradation (1)
- 197m/gHg (1)
- 1P hub loads (1)
- 3-D printing (1)
- 3D nonlinear finite element model (1)
- 60er Jahre (1)
- 802.15.4 (1)
- ABE (1)
- Abluft (1)
- Acceleration (1)
- Achilles tendon (1)
- Acid crash (1)
- Active humidity control (1)
- Adaptive control (1)
- Additive Manufacturing (1)
- Aeroelasticity (1)
- Afterload (1)
- Ageing (1)
- Alginate beads (1)
- AlterG (1)
- Alzheimer's disease (1)
- Anastomotic leakage (1)
- Anatomy (1)
- Annulus Fibrosus (1)
- Anschlüsse an Stahlbeton (1)
- Antarctic Glaciology (1)
- Antibias (1)
- Anwendungsorientierter Forschungsansatz (1)
- Arbeit 4.0 (1)
- Architectural gear ratio (1)
- Artificial intelligence (1)
- Assembly (1)
- Assistive technology (1)
- Asymptotic efficiency (1)
- Atomausstieg (1)
- Authenticity (1)
- Autolysis (1)
- Automated driving (1)
- Automatic control (1)
- Automotive application (1)
- Avalanche (1)
- BIM (1)
- Bacillus atrophaeus spores (1)
- Bacillus sp (1)
- Bahadur efficiency (1)
- Balance (1)
- Balanced hypergraph (1)
- Bank-issued Warrants (1)
- Basisisolierung (1)
- Bauwerksüberwachung (1)
- Behaviour factor q (1)
- Bemessung (1)
- Benchmark (1)
- Biocomposites (1)
- Biomass (1)
- Biomechanical simulation (1)
- Biosolubilization (1)
- Bloom’s Taxonomy (1)
- Bluetooth (1)
- Booster Station (1)
- Booster Stations (1)
- Bootstrap (1)
- Bootstrapping (1)
- Borehole heat exchanger (1)
- Boundary integral equations, (1)
- Bragg peak (1)
- Brake set-up (1)
- Braking curves (1)
- Brandfall (1)
- Brands (1)
- Brownian Pillow (1)
- Buffering Capacity (1)
- Bundesrepublik Deutschland (1)
- Butanol (1)
- C. acetobutylicum (1)
- CAV (1)
- CNOT (1)
- CO2 emission reduction targets (1)
- CRISPR/Cas9 (1)
- Calorimetric gas sensor (1)
- Capacitive field-effect (1)
- Capacitive model (1)
- Cardiac myocytes (1)
- Cardiac tissue (1)
- Cardiovascular MRI (1)
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (1)
- Categorial variable (1)
- Cell permeability (1)
- Cellular force (1)
- Cementoblast (1)
- Censored data (1)
- Chance Constraint (1)
- Change (1)
- Chatbots (1)
- Chemical images (1)
- Chemical imaging sensor (1)
- Chemical sensor (1)
- Circuit simulation (1)
- Circular Dichroism (1)
- Civil engineering (1)
- Clinical decision support systems (1)
- Co-managed care (1)
- Collective risk model (1)
- Commercial Vehicle (1)
- Common Rail Injection System (1)
- Competence Developing Games (1)
- Competitiveness (1)
- Complex System (1)
- Complex-valued eigenvalues (1)
- Compliance (1)
- Compression (1)
- Computational biomechanics (1)
- Concomitant (1)
- Conductive Boundary Condition (1)
- Consensus (1)
- Conservation laws (1)
- Constitutive model (1)
- Contractile tension (1)
- Contractility (1)
- Cost function (1)
- Coverage probability (1)
- Cramér-von-Mises statistic (1)
- Cramér-von-Mises test (1)
- Cross border adjustment mechanism (1)
- Crude heparin (1)
- Crámer–von-Mises distance (1)
- Cyclotron production (1)
- C–V method (1)
- DAC (1)
- DIN EN 1996 (1)
- DLR-ESTEC GOSSAMER roadmap for solar sailing (1)
- DNA biosensor (1)
- DNA hybridization (1)
- DPA (dipicolinic acid) (1)
- Damage mechanics theory (1)
- Decomposition (1)
- Decoupling (1)
- Deep Learning (1)
- Dehydrogenase (1)
- Design Science Research (1)
- Detergent protease (1)
- Deuterated solvents (1)
- Deuterium NMR (1)
- Diaphorase (1)
- Diesel Engine (1)
- Digitalisierung (1)
- Dimensional splitting (1)
- Disc Degeneration (1)
- Discontinuous fractures (1)
- Discourse ethics (1)
- Discrete Optimization (1)
- Disposition Effect (1)
- Distorsion des oberen Sprunggelenks (1)
- Distributed Control Systems, (1)
- Diversity Management (1)
- Driver assistance system (1)
- Driving cycle recognition (1)
- Drug simulation (1)
- Dry-low-NOx (DLN) combustion (1)
- Duality (1)
- Dynamic simulation (1)
- E-Learning (1)
- E-Mobility (1)
- EBSCO Discovery Service (1)
- ECMS (1)
- EGG (1)
- EIS capacitive sensor (1)
- EN 1993-1-2 (1)
- ES-FEM (1)
- Effective modal mass (1)
- Eigenvalue trajectories (1)
- Eingespannte Stützen und Träger (1)
- Einspanntiefen (1)
- Elderly (1)
- Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (1)
- Electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor (1)
- Electromagnetism (1)
- Electromechanical modeling (1)
- Elektroenzephalographie (1)
- Elemental (1)
- Emilia-Romagna earthquake (1)
- Empirical consequence curves (1)
- Empirical fragility functions (1)
- End-to-end colorectal anastomosis (1)
- Endothelial cells (1)
- Endothelial dysfunction (1)
- Energy management strategies (1)
- Energy-intensive industry (1)
- Engineering Application (1)
- Engineering Habitus (1)
- Enhanced Telecom Operations Map (1)
- Entropy solution (1)
- Enzymatic biosensor (1)
- Enzyme coverage (1)
- Enzyme logic gate (1)
- Equivalence test (1)
- Erdbebeneinwirkung (1)
- Esophageal Doppler monitor (1)
- European Transient Cycle (1)
- Europäische Energiepolitik (1)
- Eutectic Silver Copper alloy (1)
- Experimental validation (1)
- Explainability (1)
- Exponential Euler scheme, (1)
- Exponential time differencing (1)
- External knee adduction moments (1)
- Extracellular enzymes (1)
- Extraterrestrial Glaciology (1)
- FS-FEM (1)
- Fall prevention (1)
- Fault detection (1)
- Feature selection (1)
- Field effect (1)
- Field-effect biosensor (1)
- Finite difference methods (1)
- Finite differences (1)
- Finite element analysis (1)
- Finite element modelling (1)
- Finland (1)
- Floor prices (1)
- Flutter (1)
- Force (1)
- Forces (1)
- Forschung, pränormativ (1)
- Forschungsprozess (1)
- Fracture classification (1)
- Fracture configuration (1)
- Fracture simulation (1)
- Frame structure (1)
- Freeze–thaw process (1)
- Freight rail (1)
- Frequency adaption (1)
- Frequency mixing magnetic detection (1)
- Fuel cell (1)
- Functional Delta Method (1)
- Furnace (1)
- Fusion (1)
- GOSSAMER-1 (1)
- Ga-68 (1)
- Game-based learning (1)
- Gamification (1)
- Gamma distribution (1)
- Genetic algorithm (1)
- Glaciological instruments and methods (1)
- Glaucoma (1)
- Gold nanoparticle (AuNP) (1)
- Goodness-of-fit tests for uniformity (1)
- Ground-level falls (1)
- Guerrillawerbung (1)
- Hadamard differentiability (1)
- Haemodialysis (1)
- Hall’s Theorem (1)
- Handbike (1)
- Hazard assessment (1)
- Health management system (1)
- Heart tissue culture (1)
- Heat transport (1)
- Helmholtz equation (1)
- Heterostructure (1)
- High field MRI (1)
- High hydrogen combustion (1)
- Higher derivations (1)
- Higher-order codes (1)
- Hodgkin–Huxley models (1)
- Hoeffding-Blum-Kiefer-Rosenblatt independence test (1)
- Homogenization (1)
- Hotelling’s T² test (1)
- Human Development Index (1)
- Human factors (1)
- Human-Computer interaction (1)
- Hydrogen combustion (1)
- Hydrogen gas turbine (1)
- Hydrogen peroxide (1)
- Hyperdifferentials (1)
- Hypergraph (1)
- Hypersecretion (1)
- Hühnerzucht (1)
- IBM Watson Explorer (1)
- INODIS (1)
- INSYSME (1)
- IP-based networks (1)
- IR (1)
- IT security education (1)
- Illusion (1)
- Illustration (1)
- Image Quality Assessment (1)
- Image Quality Score (1)
- Image Reconstruction (1)
- Imaging (1)
- Impedance analysis (1)
- Impedance spectroscopy (1)
- Implicit methods (1)
- In-plane performance, isolation (1)
- Incomplete data (1)
- Individual Investors (1)
- Induced pluripotent stem cells (1)
- Industrial Automation Technology, (1)
- Infill wall design (1)
- Informationstechnik (1)
- Inorganic ions (1)
- Inotropic compounds (1)
- Instructional design (1)
- Integrated empirical distribution (survival) function (1)
- Interior Neumann eigenvalues (1)
- Interior transmission eigenvalues (1)
- Interior transmission problem (1)
- Interstellar objects (1)
- Interval Time Series (1)
- Intervertebral Disc (1)
- Intradiscal Pressure (1)
- Inverse Scattering (1)
- Inverse dynamic problem (1)
- Inverse kinematic problem (1)
- Inverse scattering (1)
- Inverse spectral problem (1)
- Ion channels (1)
- Ions (1)
- Iterative learning control (1)
- Justice (1)
- Kernel density estimator (1)
- Kernenergie (1)
- Keyword analysis (1)
- Kinetic energy (1)
- Koenig’s Theorem (1)
- LPS (1)
- Lab-on-Chip (1)
- Label-free detection (1)
- Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (1)
- Landslide tsunamis (1)
- Langevin theory (1)
- Large scale tests (1)
- Larynx position (1)
- Latvia (1)
- Layer-by-layer adsorption (1)
- LbL films (1)
- Left ventriular function (1)
- Length of confidence intervals (1)
- Level system (1)
- Lidar (1)
- Light-addressable Potentiometric Sensor (1)
- Linear discriminant analysis (1)
- Linear elastic analysis (1)
- Lipopolysaccharide (1)
- Literaturrecherche (1)
- Liver (1)
- Long COVID (1)
- Low-field NMR (1)
- Luxury (1)
- MILP (1)
- MOS (1)
- MR safety (1)
- MR-stethoscope (1)
- MRI (1)
- MUT measurement; scanner (1)
- Machine learning (1)
- Magnetic field strength (1)
- Magnetic nanoparticles (1)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (1)
- Magneto alert sensor (1)
- Manipulated variables (1)
- Manufacturer (1)
- Marginal homogeneity test (1)
- Marker-free mutagenesis (1)
- Masonry infill (1)
- Masonry partition walls (1)
- Matching (1)
- Matrix exponential (1)
- Mauerwerksbauten (1)
- Mauerwerksgebäude (1)
- Measurement models (1)
- Measurement uncertainty (1)
- Mechanotransduction (1)
- Medical AI (1)
- Medical radionuclide production (1)
- Meitner-Auger-electron (MAE) (1)
- Metabolic shift (1)
- Metal contaminants (1)
- Metascintillator (1)
- Microcirculation (1)
- Microfluidic solvent extraction (1)
- Micromagnetic simulation (1)
- Micromix combustion (1)
- Mild cognitive impairment (1)
- Mischen (1)
- Missions (1)
- Mobility (1)
- Mobility tests (1)
- Mobility transition (1)
- Mode converter (1)
- Modelica (1)
- Modeling (1)
- Modelling (1)
- Modern constructions (1)
- Modulbau (1)
- Molecular modelling (1)
- Molecular weight determination (1)
- Molten salt receiver system (1)
- Molten salt solar tower (1)
- Momentenverteilung (1)
- Monitoring (1)
- Monotone methods (1)
- Monte Carlo Tree Search (1)
- Morphing (1)
- Multi-criteria decision analysis (1)
- Multi-dimensional partial differential equations (1)
- Multi-objective optimization (1)
- Multi-sample problem (1)
- Multi-storey (1)
- Multianalyte detection (1)
- Multiple TOF kernels (1)
- Muscle (1)
- Muscle Fascicle (1)
- Muscle Force (1)
- Musculoskeletal model (1)
- Musculoskeletal system (1)
- Myocardial infarction and cardiac death (1)
- NGN (1)
- NMR (1)
- NMR exchange relaxometry (1)
- NONOate (1)
- Nasskühlturm (1)
- Natural fibres (1)
- Natural frequency (1)
- Negative Feedback Trading (1)
- Negative impedance convertor (1)
- Neural Network (1)
- Nitric Oxide (1)
- Nitric Oxide Donor (1)
- Non-model-based Evaluation (1)
- Non-parallel fissures (1)
- Nonequilibrium dynamics (1)
- Nonlinear Dynamics (1)
- Nonlinear PDEs (1)
- Nonlinear eigenvalue problems (1)
- Normative standards (1)
- Nucleus Pulposus (1)
- Numerical inversion of Laplace transforms (1)
- Numerical linear algebra (1)
- Numerical modelling (1)
- Numerics (1)
- O2 plasma (1)
- Ocular blood flow (1)
- Online diagnostic (1)
- Operations (1)
- Organic light-emitting diode display (1)
- Organizational Culture (1)
- Out-of-plane capacity (1)
- Overland flow (1)
- P2G (1)
- PBEE (1)
- PEM fuel cell (1)
- PIV (1)
- PLS-regression (1)
- PROFINET (1)
- Parabolic SPDEs (1)
- Paralympic sport (1)
- Parasitäre Strategie (1)
- Path planning (1)
- Penicillin (1)
- Periods (1)
- Pflanzen <Motiv> (1)
- Pharmacology (1)
- Photographie (1)
- Physiology (1)
- Piping (1)
- Pitman efficiency (1)
- Plasma (1)
- Plasma diagnostics (1)
- Poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (1)
- Poly(d,l-lacticacid) (1)
- Polyimide (1)
- Polymer-matrix composites (1)
- Pornographie (1)
- Porositat (1)
- Portalrahmen (1)
- Post-COVID-19 syndrome (1)
- Potential theory (1)
- Powertrain (1)
- Praxisprojekte (1)
- Pre-culture (1)
- Precast buildings (1)
- Predictive battery discharge (1)
- Preference assessment (1)
- Probability distribution mapping (1)
- Process virtualization (1)
- Product bundling (1)
- Product-integration (1)
- Propeller whirl flutter (1)
- Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (1)
- Proximal humerus fracture (1)
- Prozessabläufe (1)
- Prozessautomatisierung (1)
- Prozessmodellierung (1)
- Prozessstandardisierung (1)
- Psychiatrische Biomarker (1)
- Pulsations (1)
- Pumping systems (1)
- PushoverAnalysen (1)
- Q-criterion (1)
- Quality control (1)
- Quantum chemistry (1)
- Quelle-Fertighaus (1)
- RAMMS (1)
- RVA (1)
- Radar (1)
- Rahmentragwirkung (1)
- Reaction-diffusion systems (1)
- Real distinct pole (1)
- Real-time monitoring (1)
- Rechtsgebiet (1)
- Recombinant activated protein C (1)
- Regionalization (1)
- Rehabilitation Technology and Prosthetics (1)
- Rehabilitation engineering (1)
- Reinforced concrete frame (1)
- Relative air humidity (1)
- Requirements prioritization (1)
- Requirements relations (1)
- Resampling test (1)
- Resolvent Operator (1)
- Resonance-mode measurement (1)
- Response Surface Method (1)
- Retinal vessel analysis (1)
- Retinal vessels (1)
- Robotic Process Automation (1)
- Robotic rehabilitation (1)
- Rotary encoder (1)
- Rotator cuff (1)
- Running (1)
- S-FEM (1)
- SFCW (1)
- SOA (1)
- SSE) JEL : O33 (1)
- ScaLAPACK (1)
- Schadensersatz (1)
- Schlafspindeldetektion (1)
- Seismic design (1)
- Seismic loading (1)
- Selective Catalytic Reduction (1)
- Selektives Laser Schmelzen (1)
- Self-driving (1)
- Semi-parametric random censorship model (1)
- Sensor (1)
- Septic cardiomyopathy (1)
- Services (1)
- Shoulder (1)
- Shunting (1)
- Silber (1)
- Simulation (1)
- Simultaneous determination (1)
- Slab deflection (1)
- Small spacecraft (1)
- Snow (1)
- Sn₃O₄ (1)
- Soft independent modeling of class analogy (1)
- Solar sail (1)
- Solitary waves (1)
- Sound Pressure Level (1)
- Source term (1)
- Spleen (1)
- Sprunggelenkorthesen (1)
- Stahlkonstruktion (1)
- Stahlprofile (1)
- Steel industry (1)
- Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (1)
- Sterilisation process (1)
- Stochastic Programming (1)
- Stress concentrations (1)
- Structural design (1)
- Subclacial exploration (1)
- Subglacial lakes (1)
- SunRav BookEditor (1)
- Surgical Navigation and Robotics (1)
- Surgical staplers (1)
- Survival analysis (1)
- Suspension bridge (1)
- TMV adsorption (1)
- TOF PET (1)
- Tank (1)
- Targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) (1)
- Ta₂O₅ gate (1)
- Technical Operations Research (1)
- Technical Operations Research (TOR) (1)
- Telecommunication (1)
- Tendon Rupture (1)
- Tendon properties (1)
- Tension (1)
- Text Analytics (1)
- Text Analytics (1)
- Text Mining (1)
- Thin shell finite elements (1)
- Tinetti test (1)
- Tomography (1)
- Tool support (1)
- Trading Behavior (1)
- Tragwerksbemessung (1)
- Trajectories (1)
- Transfer impedance (1)
- Transformation (1)
- Transient flux distribution (1)
- Transmission Eigenvalues (1)
- Trockenkühlturm (1)
- Two-phase modelling (1)
- Typographie (1)
- USP (1)
- Uktrahigh field MRI (1)
- Uncertainty (1)
- Uniaxial compression test (1)
- Unreinforced masonry buildings (1)
- Unsteady aerodynamics (1)
- Unterhaltung (1)
- Uracil-phosphoribosyltransferase (1)
- User study (1)
- VOF (1)
- VOP compression (1)
- Vapnik–Čhervonenkis class (1)
- Variable height stapler design (1)
- Vascular response (1)
- Vasomotions (1)
- Velocity (1)
- Verhaltensbeiwerte (1)
- Vertex cover (1)
- Virtual reality (1)
- Visual field asymmetry (1)
- Voice assessment (1)
- Volterra integral equation (1)
- Volume of confidence regions (1)
- Volume status (1)
- Wand-Decken-Interaktion (1)
- Water Distribution (1)
- Water Supply Networks (1)
- Wiegand sensor (1)
- Wilcoxon tests (1)
- Wireless Networks (1)
- XOR (1)
- Zuschauer (1)
- achilles tendon (1)
- actin cytoskeleton (1)
- actuator-sensor system (1)
- adaptive systems (1)
- adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) (1)
- adsorption (1)
- agility (1)
- allocation (1)
- aminooctanethiol (1)
- anaesthetic complications (1)
- anammox (1)
- anisotropy (1)
- ankle braces (1)
- ankle sprain (1)
- annealing (1)
- aortic perfusion (1)
- aquaculture (1)
- artificial intelligence (1)
- artificial olfactory image (1)
- aseptic parameters (1)
- aspergillus (1)
- assistance system (1)
- asymptotic relative efficiency (1)
- automated vehicles (1)
- automotive (1)
- availability (1)
- barium strontium titanate (1)
- batteries and fuel cells (1)
- bi-enzyme biosensor (1)
- biaxial tensile experiment (1)
- bioavailability (1)
- biodegradable polymers (1)
- biofilms (1)
- biological dosimeter (1)
- biomechanics (1)
- biomethane (1)
- biopotential electrodes (1)
- biosensor (1)
- body imaging at 7 T MRI (1)
- body imaging at UHF MRI (1)
- body limbs (1)
- bootstrap (1)
- borefields (1)
- borehole disposal (1)
- brachytherapy (1)
- bubble column (1)
- building energy modelling (1)
- building energy simulation (1)
- business culture (1)
- calorimetric gas sensor (1)
- calorimetric gas sensor;hydrogen peroxide;wireless sensor system (1)
- capacitive EIS sensor (1)
- capacitive model (1)
- carbon dioxide removal (1)
- carbonized rice husk (1)
- cardiac gating (1)
- cardiomyocyte biomechanics (1)
- cardiovascular MR imaging (1)
- catalytic metal (1)
- cell aerosolization (1)
- cell atomization (1)
- central symmetry test (1)
- cerebral small vessel disease (1)
- chance constrained programming (1)
- change (1)
- change management (1)
- chemical sensor (1)
- chip-based sensor setup (1)
- churches (1)
- climate change (1)
- climate neutrality (1)
- coculture (1)
- cognitive impairment (1)
- coherent structures (1)
- colorization (1)
- community dwelling (1)
- complete block symmetry (1)
- compression behavior (1)
- computational fluid dynamics analysis (1)
- concentrating collector (1)
- conditional excess distribution (1)
- conditional expectation principle (1)
- confidence interval (1)
- connected automated vehicles (1)
- connective tissue (1)
- constitutive modeling (1)
- contactless conductivity sensor (1)
- control gate (1)
- corporate sustainability (1)
- correlation (1)
- coupled Néel–Brownian relaxation dynamics (1)
- covariance principle (1)
- critical (1)
- crop yield (1)
- crystallization (1)
- cyber-physical production systems (1)
- dam-break (1)
- debris flow (1)
- deficit irrigation (1)
- dental trauma (1)
- deserts (1)
- design of technical systems (1)
- detection of charged macromolecules (1)
- dialysis (1)
- difficult airway (1)
- digital factory (1)
- digital twin (1)
- direct air capture (1)
- disposal facility (1)
- distance learning (1)
- distorted element (1)
- diversity management (1)
- double-lumen tube intubation (1)
- drag force (1)
- drop jump (1)
- drug metabolising enzymes (1)
- drug–drug interactions (1)
- e-books (1)
- e-issues (1)
- eTOM (1)
- earthquake engineering (1)
- economics (1)
- efficiency side-effects (1)
- eigensolvers (1)
- elastic scattering (1)
- elastomers (1)
- electrical conductivity of liquids (1)
- electrocardiogram (1)
- electrolyte-insulator semiconductor sensor (EIS) (1)
- electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor capacitors (1)
- electromyography (1)
- electronic nose (1)
- electrospinning (1)
- endoluminal (1)
- endospores (1)
- energy (1)
- energy absorption (1)
- energy dissipation (1)
- energy transfer (1)
- engineering (1)
- entrepreneurship education (1)
- enzymatic (bio)degradation (1)
- enzyme cascade (1)
- enzyme kinetics (1)
- enzyme-logic gate (1)
- equivalent circuit (1)
- equivalent stiffness (1)
- event-based simulation (1)
- exchangeability test (1)
- exopolysaccharides (1)
- experimental evaluation (1)
- extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (1)
- eye movement modelling examples (1)
- factory planning (1)
- fibers (1)
- fibulare Bandruptur (1)
- field-effect structure (1)
- filamentous fungi (1)
- force generation (1)
- forecast (1)
- forehead EEG (1)
- frequency mixing (1)
- fuel cell vehicle (1)
- functional data (1)
- gait (1)
- gamification (1)
- gas sensor (1)
- gaseous hydrogen peroxide (1)
- genetic algorithm (1)
- genome engineering (1)
- geological disposal (1)
- geothermal (1)
- global optimization (1)
- glucose oxidase (GOx) (1)
- glycine (1)
- goodness-of-fit test (1)
- granular silo (1)
- grey energy (1)
- harmonic radar tags (1)
- healthy aging (1)
- heat demand (1)
- heat transfer coefficient (1)
- heating system (1)
- heavy metals (1)
- hiPS cardiomyocytes (1)
- high field MR imaging (1)
- high-intensity exercise (1)
- high-k material (1)
- horseradish peroxidase (HRP) (1)
- huge dimensional data (1)
- human metabolites (1)
- humic acid (1)
- hydraulic modelling (1)
- hydrogel (1)
- hydrogels (1)
- hydroxylation (1)
- hyper-gravity (1)
- hyperelastic (1)
- hypo-gravity (1)
- hypoplasticity (1)
- ignition (1)
- impulsive effects (1)
- in-ear EEG (1)
- in-plane behaviour (1)
- in-situ monitoring (1)
- incontinence (1)
- independence test (1)
- industrial agents (1)
- industry 4.0 (1)
- infill strategy (1)
- innovation management (1)
- integrated transmit coil arrays (1)
- intelligent control (1)
- intelligent energy management (1)
- intraclass correlation coefficient (1)
- irradiation (1)
- jevons paradox (1)
- key performance indicators (1)
- kombiniertes Verfahren (1)
- lable-free detection (1)
- legal obligations (1)
- light-addressable electrode (1)
- light-addressing technologies (1)
- lignite (1)
- limit analysis (1)
- lipopolysaccharide (1)
- liquid-storage tank (1)
- liquid-structure interaction (1)
- literature (1)
- lizards (1)
- low-rank coal (1)
- machine learning (1)
- macro-element (1)
- magnetic actuation (1)
- magnetic beads (1)
- magnetic biosensing (1)
- magnetic relaxation (1)
- magnetic resonance imaging (1)
- magnetic sandwich immunoassay (1)
- magnetic sensing (1)
- magnetic sensors (1)
- magnetic separation (1)
- magnetic tweezers (1)
- magnetophoretic velocity (1)
- mainstream deammonification (1)
- management (1)
- manufacturing (1)
- manufacturing data model (1)
- manufacturing flexibility (1)
- marketing (1)
- masonry infill (1)
- mathematical optimization (1)
- mechanical buffer (1)
- mechanical properties (1)
- metal-oxide-semiconductor structure (1)
- methanation (1)
- method of fundamental solutions (1)
- micromagnetic simulation (1)
- micronutrients (1)
- microplasma (1)
- microwave (MW) plasma (1)
- microwave measurements (1)
- mixed-integer linear programming (1)
- model performance (1)
- motivation (1)
- multi-agent systems (1)
- multi-functional material (1)
- multi-sensing platform (1)
- multianalyte detection (1)
- multinomial distribution (1)
- multiparametric immunoassays (1)
- multiplex detection (1)
- multivariate normal distribution (1)
- muscle mechanics (1)
- nanobelts (1)
- nanoparticle coverage (1)
- negative emissions (1)
- neutrons (1)
- next generation network (1)
- nitrogen elimination (1)
- non-simplex S-FEM elements (1)
- nonlinear VNA measurements (1)
- nonlinear radar (1)
- nonlinear transient analyses (1)
- novel photoexcitation method (1)
- nuclear waste (1)
- numerical model (1)
- on-chip integrated addressable EISCAP sensors (1)
- onion (1)
- optical fibers (1)
- optical sensor setup (1)
- optical spore trapping (1)
- optical trapping (1)
- optimization (1)
- optimization system (1)
- organosilanes (1)
- out-of-plane behaviour (1)
- overload (1)
- parabolic flight (1)
- penicillinase (1)
- performance analysis (1)
- performance testing (1)
- phonocardiogram (1)
- physical model (1)
- physiology (1)
- plant virus detection (1)
- plasma jet (1)
- plug flow reactor (1)
- plug-based microfluidic device (1)
- point-focussing system (1)
- poly(d, l-lactic acid) (1)
- polyaspartic acid (1)
- polyetheretherketone (1)
- polyetheretherketone (PEEK) (1)
- polystyrene sulfonate (1)
- porous materials (1)
- portfolio risk (1)
- prevention (1)
- product bundling (1)
- product liability (1)
- production planning and control (1)
- programming (1)
- prostate cancer (1)
- prostatectomy (1)
- proton therapy (1)
- protons (1)
- psychosocial (1)
- pullulan (1)
- qNMR (1)
- quality of life (1)
- random effects (1)
- random effects meta-regression model (1)
- raytracing (1)
- rehabilitation (1)
- relative dosimetry (1)
- reliability of structures (1)
- remote sensing (1)
- research association (1)
- resilience (1)
- resource abundance (1)
- retention time (1)
- retinal microvasculature (1)
- retinal vessels (1)
- review (1)
- rollout (1)
- rubber (1)
- running (1)
- rupture of the fibular ligament (1)
- sEMG (1)
- sarcomere operating length (1)
- scanned light pulse technique (1)
- seismic (1)
- seismic response (1)
- separable Hilbert space (1)
- series elastic element behavior (1)
- service-oriented architectures (1)
- shakedown analysis (1)
- shoulder (1)
- silanization (1)
- simulation (1)
- sizing (1)
- slum classification (1)
- smooth muscle contraction (1)
- socio-economic welfare (1)
- softs (1)
- soil amendment (1)
- soil health (1)
- soil remediation (1)
- solar process heat (1)
- spatial resolution (1)
- spore kill rate (1)
- sprint start (1)
- standard error of measurement (1)
- steel profiles (1)
- sterilisation (1)
- sterility (1)
- sterilization (1)
- sterilization conditions (1)
- stiffness (1)
- stochastic optimization (1)
- stochastic programming (1)
- strain energy function (1)
- stretch reflex (1)
- stretch-shortening cycle (1)
- structural design (1)
- structure-soil-structure interaction (1)
- superabsorbent polymers (1)
- superparamagnetic bead (1)
- superparamagnetic nanoparticles (1)
- supramolecular structures (1)
- surface functionalization (1)
- surface modification (1)
- survival (1)
- swelling properties (1)
- swimming (1)
- system optimization (1)
- system synthesis (1)
- systematic (1)
- technical operations research (1)
- technology planning (1)
- telecommunication (1)
- temperature (1)
- tendon rupture (1)
- test-retest reliability (1)
- theory and modeling (1)
- thermal dose (1)
- thermometry (1)
- tilted constant illumination (1)
- tissue temperature (1)
- transmit antenna arrays (1)
- transponder (1)
- transporters (1)
- tri-lineage differentiation (1)
- truss (1)
- turnip vein clearing virus (TVCV) (1)
- twin-fluid atomizer (1)
- ultrasonography (1)
- uniformly most powerful invariant test (1)
- unloading (1)
- urease (1)
- vault (1)
- video learning (1)
- videolaryngoscopy (1)
- virgin passive (1)
- viscoelasticity (1)
- visualization (1)
- walking (1)
- walking gait (1)
- wastewater (1)
- water economy (1)
- water supply design (1)
- yield (1)
- · Psychiatrische Erkrankungen/Diagnostik (1)
Objective
Hemodialysis patients show an approximately threefold higher prevalence of cognitive impairment compared to the age-matched general population. Impaired microcirculatory function is one of the assumed causes. Dynamic retinal vessel analysis is a quantitative method for measuring neurovascular coupling and microvascular endothelial function. We hypothesize that cognitive impairment is associated with altered microcirculation of retinal vessels.
Methods
152 chronic hemodialysis patients underwent cognitive testing using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Retinal microcirculation was assessed by Dynamic Retinal Vessel Analysis, which carries out an examination recording retinal vessels' reaction to a flicker light stimulus under standardized conditions.
Results
In unadjusted as well as in adjusted linear regression analyses a significant association between the visuospatial executive function domain score of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the maximum arteriolar dilation as response of retinal arterioles to the flicker light stimulation was obtained.
Conclusion
This is the first study determining retinal microvascular function as surrogate for cerebral microvascular function and cognition in hemodialysis patients. The relationship between impairment in executive function and reduced arteriolar reaction to flicker light stimulation supports the involvement of cerebral small vessel disease as contributing factor for the development of cognitive impairment in this patient population and might be a target for noninvasive disease monitoring and therapeutic intervention.
In this study, the performance of an integrated body-imaging array for 7 T with 32 radiofrequency (RF) channels under consideration of local specific absorption rate (SAR), tissue temperature, and thermal dose limits was evaluated and the imaging performance was compared with a clinical 3 T body coil.
Thirty-two transmit elements were placed in three rings between the bore liner and RF shield of the gradient coil. Slice-selective RF pulse optimizations for B1 shimming and spokes were performed for differently oriented slices in the body under consideration of realistic constraints for power and local SAR. To improve the B1+ homogeneity, safety assessments based on temperature and thermal dose were performed to possibly allow for higher input power for the pulse optimization than permissible with SAR limits.
The results showed that using two spokes, the 7 T array outperformed the 3 T birdcage in all the considered regions of interest. However, a significantly higher SAR or lower duty cycle at 7 T is necessary in some cases to achieve similar B1+ homogeneity as at 3 T. The homogeneity in up to 50 cm-long coronal slices can particularly benefit from the high RF shim performance provided by the 32 RF channels. The thermal dose approach increases the allowable input power and the corresponding local SAR, in one example up to 100 W/kg, without limiting the exposure time necessary for an MR examination.
In conclusion, the integrated antenna array at 7 T enables a clinical workflow for body imaging and comparable imaging performance to a conventional 3 T clinical body coil.
Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a search technique that in the last decade emerged as a major breakthrough for Artificial Intelligence applications regarding board- and video-games. In 2016, AlphaGo, an MCTS-based software agent, outperformed the human world champion of the board game Go. This game was for long considered almost infeasible for machines, due to its immense search space and the need for a long-term strategy. Since this historical success, MCTS is considered as an effective new approach for many other scientific and technical problems. Interestingly, civil structural engineering, as a discipline, offers many tasks whose solution may benefit from intelligent search and in particular from adopting MCTS as a search tool. In this work, we show how MCTS can be adapted to search for suitable solutions of a structural engineering design problem. The problem consists of choosing the load-bearing elements in a reference reinforced concrete structure, so to achieve a set of specific dynamic characteristics. In the paper, we report the results obtained by applying both a plain and a hybrid version of single-agent MCTS. The hybrid approach consists of an integration of both MCTS and classic Genetic Algorithm (GA), the latter also serving as a term of comparison for the results. The study’s outcomes may open new perspectives for the adoption of MCTS as a design tool for civil engineers.
Because of simple construction process, high energy efficiency, significant fire resistance and excellent sound isolation, masonry infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures are very popular in most of the countries in the world, as well as in seismic active areas. However, many RC frame structures with masonry infills were seriously damaged during earthquake events, as the traditional infills are generally constructed with direct contact to the RC frame which brings undesirable infill/frame interaction. This interaction leads to the activation of the equivalent diagonal strut in the infill panel, due to the RC frame deformation, and combined with seismically induced loads perpendicular to the infill panel often causes total collapses of the masonry infills and heavy damages to the RC frames. This fact was the motivation for developing different approaches for improving the behaviour of masonry infills, where infill isolation (decoupling) from the frame has been more intensively studied in the last decade. In-plane isolation of the infill wall reduces infill activation, but causes the need for additional measures to restrain out-of-plane movements. This can be provided by installing steel anchors, as proposed by some researchers. Within the framework of European research project INSYSME (Innovative Systems for Earthquake Resistant Masonry Enclosures in Reinforced Concrete Buildings) the system based on a use of elastomers for in-plane decoupling and steel anchors for out-of-plane restrain was tested. This constructive solution was tested and deeply investigated during the experimental campaign where traditional and decoupled masonry infilled RC frames with anchors were subjected to separate and combined in-plane and out-of-plane loading. Based on a detailed evaluation and comparison of the test results, the performance and effectiveness of the developed system are illustrated.
Im Handel mit Kraftfahrzeugen gehören Aspekte des gutgläubigen Erwerbs zu den beinahe alltäglichen Standardproblemen. Der BGH fügt in seiner Entscheidung v. 23.9.2022–VZR148/21, MDR 2022, 1541 diesem im Detail breit gefächerten Themenfeld einen weiteren Mosaikstein hinzu: Der Erwerber erhielt das verkaufte Kfz ohne Übergabe einer Zulassungsbescheinigung Teil II, behauptet aber, diese Bescheinigung sei dem vom ihm eingeschalteten Vermittler bei Erwerb (als Fälschung) vorgelegt worden. Tatsächlich befand sich das Original durchgängig beim wahren Eigentümer, der nunmehr Herausgabe des Fahrzeugs verlangt. Der BGH schützt in dieser Gestaltung im Ergebnis den Erwerber. Die Entscheidung ist in mehrfacher Hinsicht bemerkenswert.
In proton therapy, the dose from secondary neutrons to the patient can contribute to side effects and the creation of secondary cancer. A simple and fast detection system to distinguish between dose from protons and neutrons both in pretreatment verification as well as potentially in vivo monitoring is needed to minimize dose from secondary neutrons. Two 3 mm long, 1 mm diameter organic scintillators were tested for candidacy to be used in a proton–neutron discrimination detector. The SCSF-3HF (1500) scintillating fibre (Kuraray Co. Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan) and EJ-260 plastic scintillator (Eljen Technology, Sweetwater, TX, USA) were irradiated at the TRIUMF Neutron Facility and the Proton Therapy Research Centre. In the proton beam, we compared the raw Bragg peak and spread-out Bragg peak response to the industry standard Markus chamber detector. Both scintillator sensors exhibited quenching at high LET in the Bragg peak, presenting a peak-to-entrance ratio of 2.59 for the EJ-260 and 2.63 for the SCSF-3HF fibre, compared to 3.70 for the Markus chamber. The SCSF-3HF sensor demonstrated 1.3 times the sensitivity to protons and 3 times the sensitivity to neutrons as compared to the EJ-260 sensor. Combined with our equations relating neutron and proton contributions to dose during proton irradiations, and the application of Birks’ quenching correction, these fibres provide valid candidates for inexpensive and replicable proton-neutron discrimination detectors
Benchmarking of various LiDAR sensors for use in self-driving vehicles in real-world environments
(2022)
Abstract
In this paper, we report on our benchmark results of the LiDAR sensors Livox Horizon, Robosense M1, Blickfeld Cube, Blickfeld Cube Range, Velodyne Velarray H800, and Innoviz Pro. The idea was to test the sensors in different typical scenarios that were defined with real-world use cases in mind, in order to find a sensor that meet the requirements of self-driving vehicles. For this, we defined static and dynamic benchmark scenarios. In the static scenarios, both LiDAR and the detection target do not move during the measurement. In dynamic scenarios, the LiDAR sensor was mounted on the vehicle which was driving toward the detection target. We tested all mentioned LiDAR sensors in both scenarios, show the results regarding the detection accuracy of the targets, and discuss their usefulness for deployment in self-driving cars.
It was generally believed that coal sources are not favorable as live-in habitats for microorganisms due to their recalcitrant chemical nature and negligible decomposition. However, accumulating evidence has revealed the presence of diverse microbial groups in coal environments and their significant metabolic role in coal biogeochemical dynamics and ecosystem functioning. The high oxygen content, organic fractions, and lignin-like structures of lower-rank coals may provide effective means for microbial attack, still representing a greatly unexplored frontier in microbiology. Coal degradation/conversion technology by native bacterial and fungal species has great potential in agricultural development, chemical industry production, and environmental rehabilitation. Furthermore, native microalgal species can offer a sustainable energy source and an excellent bioremediation strategy applicable to coal spill/seam waters. Additionally, the measures of the fate of the microbial community would serve as an indicator of restoration progress on post-coal-mining sites. This review puts forward a comprehensive vision of coal biodegradation and bioprocessing by microorganisms native to coal environments for determining their biotechnological potential and possible applications.
Atmospheric pressure plasma-jet treatment of PAN-nonwovens—carbonization of nanofiber electrodes
(2022)
Carbon nanofibers are produced from dielectric polymer precursors such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN). Carbonized nanofiber nonwovens show high surface area and good electrical conductivity, rendering these fiber materials interesting for application as electrodes in batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors. However, thermal processing is slow and costly, which is why new processing techniques have been explored for carbon fiber tows. Alternatives for the conversion of PAN-precursors into carbon fiber nonwovens are scarce. Here, we utilize an atmospheric pressure plasma jet to conduct carbonization of stabilized PAN nanofiber nonwovens. We explore the influence of various processing parameters on the conductivity and degree of carbonization of the converted nanofiber material. The precursor fibers are converted by plasma-jet treatment to carbon fiber nonwovens within seconds, by which they develop a rough surface making subsequent surface activation processes obsolete. The resulting carbon nanofiber nonwovens are applied as supercapacitor electrodes and examined by cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy. Nonwovens that are carbonized within 60 s show capacitances of up to 5 F g⁻¹.
This work introduces a novel method for the detection of H₂O₂ vapor/aerosol of low concentrations, which is mainly applied in the sterilization of equipment in medical industry. Interdigitated electrode (IDE) structures have been fabricated by means of microfabrication techniques. A differential setup of IDEs was prepared, containing an active sensor element (active IDE) and a passive sensor element (passive IDE), where the former was immobilized with an enzymatic membrane of horseradish peroxidase that is selective towards H₂O₂. Changes in the IDEs’ capacitance values (active sensor element versus passive sensor element) under H₂O₂ vapor/aerosol atmosphere proved the detection in the concentration range up to 630 ppm with a fast response time (<60 s). The influence of relative humidity was also tested with regard to the sensor signal, showing no cross-sensitivity. The repeatability assessment of the IDE biosensors confirmed their stable capacitive signal in eight subsequent cycles of exposure to H₂O₂ vapor/aerosol. Room-temperature detection of H₂O₂ vapor/aerosol with such miniaturized biosensors will allow a future three-dimensional, flexible mapping of aseptic chambers and help to evaluate sterilization assurance in medical industry.
Nanoparticles are recognized as highly attractive tunable materials for designing field-effect biosensors with enhanced performance. In this work, we present a theoretical model for electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor capacitors (EISCAP) decorated with ligand-stabilized charged gold nanoparticles. The charged AuNPs are taken into account as additional, nanometer-sized local gates. The capacitance-voltage (C–V) curves and constant-capacitance (ConCap) signals of the AuNP-decorated EISCAPs have been simulated. The impact of the AuNP coverage on the shift of the C–V curves and the ConCap signals was also studied experimentally on Al–p-Si–SiO₂ EISCAPs decorated with positively charged aminooctanethiol-capped AuNPs. In addition, the surface of the EISCAPs, modified with AuNPs, was characterized by scanning electron microscopy for different immobilization times of the nanoparticles.
Frequency mixing magnetic detection (FMMD) has been explored for its applications in fields of magnetic biosensing, multiplex detection of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) and the determination of core size distribution of MNP samples. Such applications rely on the application of a static offset magnetic field, which is generated traditionally with an electromagnet. Such a setup requires a current source, as well as passive or active cooling strategies, which directly sets a limitation based on the portability aspect that is desired for point of care (POC) monitoring applications. In this work, a measurement head is introduced that involves the utilization of two ring-shaped permanent magnets to generate a static offset magnetic field. A steel cylinder in the ring bores homogenizes the field. By variation of the distance between the ring magnets and of the thickness of the steel cylinder, the magnitude of the magnetic field at the sample position can be adjusted. Furthermore, the measurement setup is compared to the electromagnet offset module based on measured signals and temperature behavior.
Carbon nanofiber nonwovens represent a powerful class of materials with prospective application in filtration technology or as electrodes with high surface area in batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors. While new precursor-to-carbon conversion processes have been explored to overcome productivity restrictions for carbon fiber tows, alternatives for the two-step thermal conversion of polyacrylonitrile precursors into carbon fiber nonwovens are absent. In this work, we develop a continuous roll-to-roll stabilization process using an atmospheric pressure microwave plasma jet. We explore the influence of various plasma-jet parameters on the morphology of the nonwoven and compare the stabilized nonwoven to thermally stabilized samples using scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and infrared spectroscopy. We show that stabilization with a non-equilibrium plasma-jet can be twice as productive as the conventional thermal stabilization in a convection furnace, while producing electrodes of comparable electrochemical performance.
The subtilase family (S8), a member of the clan SB of serine proteases are ubiquitous in all kingdoms of life and fulfil different physiological functions. Subtilases are divided in several groups and especially subtilisins are of interest as they are used in various industrial sectors. Therefore, we searched for new subtilisin sequences of the family Bacillaceae using a data mining approach. The obtained 1,400 sequences were phylogenetically classified in the context of the subtilase family. This required an updated comprehensive overview of the different groups within this family. To fill this gap, we conducted a phylogenetic survey of the S8 family with characterised holotypes derived from the MEROPS database. The analysis revealed the presence of eight previously uncharacterised groups and 13 subgroups within the S8 family. The sequences that emerged from the data mining with the set filter parameters were mainly assigned to the subtilisin subgroups of true subtilisins, high-alkaline subtilisins, and phylogenetically intermediate subtilisins and represent an excellent source for new subtilisin candidates.
An improved and convenient ninhydrin assay for aminoacylase activity measurements was developed using the commercial EZ Nin™ reagent. Alternative reagents from literature were also evaluated and compared. The addition of DMSO to the reagent enhanced the solubility of Ruhemann's purple (RP). Furthermore, we found that the use of a basic, aqueous buffer enhances stability of RP. An acidic protocol for the quantification of lysine was developed by addition of glacial acetic acid. The assay allows for parallel processing in a 96-well format with measurements microtiter plates.
Acetoin and diacetyl have a major impact on the flavor of alcoholic beverages such as wine or beer. Therefore, their measurement is important during the fermentation process. Until now, gas chromatographic techniques have typically been applied; however, these require expensive laboratory equipment and trained staff, and do not allow for online monitoring. In this work, a capacitive electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor sensor modified with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) particles as enzyme nanocarriers for the detection of acetoin and diacetyl is presented. The enzyme acetoin reductase from Alkalihalobacillus clausii DSM 8716ᵀ is immobilized via biotin–streptavidin affinity, binding to the surface of the TMV particles. The TMV-assisted biosensor is electrochemically characterized by means of leakage–current, capacitance–voltage, and constant capacitance measurements. In this paper, the novel biosensor is studied regarding its sensitivity and long-term stability in buffer solution. Moreover, the TMV-assisted capacitive field-effect sensor is applied for the detection of diacetyl for the first time. The measurement of acetoin and diacetyl with the same sensor setup is demonstrated. Finally, the successive detection of acetoin and diacetyl in buffer and in diluted beer is studied by tuning the sensitivity of the biosensor using the pH value of the measurement solution.
We present a concise mini overview on the approaches to the disposal of nuclear waste currently used or deployed. The disposal of nuclear waste is the end point of nuclear waste management (NWM) activities and is the emplacement of waste in an appropriate facility without the intention to retrieve it. The IAEA has developed an internationally accepted classification scheme based on the end points of NWM, which is used as guidance. Retention times needed for safe isolation of waste radionuclides are estimated based on the radiotoxicity of nuclear waste. Disposal facilities usually rely on a multi-barrier defence system to isolate the waste from the biosphere, which comprises the natural geological barrier and the engineered barrier system. Disposal facilities could be of a trench type, vaults, tunnels, shafts, boreholes, or mined repositories. A graded approach relates the depth of the disposal facilities’ location with the level of hazard. Disposal practices demonstrate the reliability of nuclear waste disposal with minimal expected impacts on the environment and humans.
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a biopolymer produced by different microorganisms, but in biotechnological practice, Komagataeibacter xylinus is used. The micro- and nanofibrillar structure of BC, which forms many different-sized pores, creates prerequisites for the introduction of other polymers into it, including those synthesized by other microorganisms. The study aims to develop a cocultivation system of BC and prebiotic producers to obtain BC-based composite material with prebiotic activity. In this study, pullulan (PUL) was found to stimulate the growth of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG better than the other microbial polysaccharides gellan and xanthan. BC/PUL biocomposite with prebiotic properties was obtained by cocultivation of Komagataeibacter xylinus and Aureobasidium pullulans, BC and PUL producers respectively, on molasses medium. The inclusion of PUL in BC is proved gravimetrically by scanning electron microscopy and by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. Cocultivation demonstrated a composite effect on the aggregation and binding of BC fibers, which led to a significant improvement in mechanical properties. The developed approach for “grafting” of prebiotic activity on BC allows preparation of environmentally friendly composites of better quality.
Utilizing an appropriate enzyme immobilization strategy is crucial for designing enzyme-based biosensors. Plant virus-like particles represent ideal nanoscaffolds for an extremely dense and precise immobilization of enzymes, due to their regular shape, high surface-to-volume ratio and high density of surface binding sites. In the present work, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) particles were applied for the co-immobilization of penicillinase and urease onto the gate surface of a field-effect electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor capacitor (EISCAP) with a p-Si-SiO₂-Ta₂O₅ layer structure for the sequential detection of penicillin and urea. The TMV-assisted bi-enzyme EISCAP biosensor exhibited a high urea and penicillin sensitivity of 54 and 85 mV/dec, respectively, in the concentration range of 0.1–3 mM. For comparison, the characteristics of single-enzyme EISCAP biosensors modified with TMV particles immobilized with either penicillinase or urease were also investigated. The surface morphology of the TMV-modified Ta₂O₅-gate was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, the bi-enzyme EISCAP was applied to mimic an XOR (Exclusive OR) enzyme logic gate.
This paper considers a paired data framework and discusses the question of marginal homogeneity of bivariate high-dimensional or functional data. The related testing problem can be endowed into a more general setting for paired random variables taking values in a general Hilbert space. To address this problem, a Cramér–von-Mises type test statistic is applied and a bootstrap procedure is suggested to obtain critical values and finally a consistent test. The desired properties of a bootstrap test can be derived that are asymptotic exactness under the null hypothesis and consistency under alternatives. Simulations show the quality of the test in the finite sample case. A possible application is the comparison of two possibly dependent stock market returns based on functional data. The approach is demonstrated based on historical data for different stock market indices.
On the basis of independent and identically distributed bivariate random vectors, where the components are categorial and continuous variables, respectively, the related concomitants, also called induced order statistic, are considered. The main theoretical result is a functional central limit theorem for the empirical process of the concomitants in a triangular array setting. A natural application is hypothesis testing. An independence test and a two-sample test are investigated in detail. The fairly general setting enables limit results under local alternatives and bootstrap samples. For the comparison with existing tests from the literature simulation studies are conducted. The empirical results obtained confirm the theoretical findings.
Recent earthquakes as the 2012 Emilia earthquake sequence showed that recently built unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings behaved much better than expected and sustained, despite the maximum PGA values ranged between 0.20–0.30 g, either minor damage or structural damage that is deemed repairable. Especially low-rise residential and commercial masonry buildings with a code-conforming seismic design and detailing behaved in general very well without substantial damages. The low damage grades of modern masonry buildings that was observed during this earthquake series highlighted again that codified design procedures based on linear analysis can be rather conservative. Although advances in simulation tools make nonlinear calculation methods more readily accessible to designers, linear analyses will still be the standard design method for years to come. The present paper aims to improve the linear seismic design method by providing a proper definition of the q-factor of URM buildings. These q-factors are derived for low-rise URM buildings with rigid diaphragms which represent recent construction practise in low to moderate seismic areas of Italy and Germany. The behaviour factor components for deformation and energy dissipation capacity and for overstrength due to the redistribution of forces are derived by means of pushover analyses. Furthermore, considerations on the behaviour factor component due to other sources of overstrength in masonry buildings are presented. As a result of the investigations, rationally based values of the behaviour factor q to be used in linear analyses in the range of 2.0–3.0 are proposed.
Im Norden von Serbien erfolgt in Novi Sad der Neubau eines modernen Forschungsgebäudes für das BioSense-Institut mit finanzieller Unterstützung durch die Eu-ropäische Union. Der Gebäudeteil mit Laboren wird zum Schutz und zur Sicherstellung des reibungslosen Betriebs der sensiblen und kapitalintensiven technischen Einbauten mit ei-ner Erdbebenisolierung mit integrierter Körperschallisolation versehen. Zusätzlich wird der entkoppelte Laborteil des For-schungsgebäudes mit einem BIM-basierten Bauwerksmonito-ring versehen, um Änderungen des Gebäudezustands jederzeit abfragen und beurteilen zu können.
Aufgrund der gestiegenen Anforderungen durch höhere Ein-wirkungen aus Wind und Erdbeben ist eine Verbesserung und Optimierung der Berechnungs- und Bemessungsansätze für Mauerwerksbauten erforderlich. Eine bessere Ausnutzung der Tragwerksreserven ist durch die Berücksichtigung der Rah-mentragwirkung mit einer Aktivierung der Deckenscheiben in den Rechenmodellen möglich, die in der Praxis aufgrund der Komplexität der Wand-Decken-Interaktion bislang nicht aus-genutzt wird. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird ein vereinfachter Ansatz auf Grundlage der mitwirkenden Plattenbreite von Schubwänden aus Mauerwerk vorgestellt, der die wesentli-chen Einfl ussfaktoren in parametrisierten Tabellen erfasst. Damit steht den Tragwerksplanern ein einfach anwendbares Werkzeug zur Verfügung, um die Rahmentragwirkung in der Mauerwerksbemessung anzusetzen.
Auch in der allgemeinen Luftfahrt wäre es wünschenswert, die bereits vorhandenen Verbrennungsmotoren mit weniger CO₂-trächtigen Kraftstoffen als dem heute weit verbreiteten Avgas 100LL betreiben zu können. Es ist anzunehmen, dass im Vergleich die unter Normalbedingungen gasförmigen Kraftstoffe CNG, LPG oder LNG deutlich weniger Emissionen produzieren. Erforderliche Antriebssystemanpassungen wurden im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts an der FH Aachen untersucht.
In general aviation, too, it is desirable to be able to operate existing internal combustion engines with fuels that produce less CO₂ than Avgas 100LL being widely used today It can be assumed that, in comparison, the fuels CNG, LPG or LNG, which are gaseous under normal conditions, produce significantly lower emissions. Necessary propulsion system adaptations were investigated as part of a research project at Aachen University of Applied Sciences.
GHEtool is a Python package that contains all the functionalities needed to deal with borefield design. It is developed for both researchers and practitioners. The core of this package is the automated sizing of borefield under different conditions. The sizing of a borefield is typically slow due to the high complexity of the mathematical background. Because this tool has a lot of precalculated data, GHEtool can size a borefield in the order of tenths of milliseconds. This sizing typically takes the order of minutes. Therefore, this tool is suited for being implemented in typical workflows where iterations are required.
GHEtool also comes with a graphical user interface (GUI). This GUI is prebuilt as an exe-file because this provides access to all the functionalities without coding. A setup to install the GUI at the user-defined place is also implemented and available at: https://www.mech.kuleuven.be/en/tme/research/thermal_systems/tools/ghetool.
Exposure to prolonged periods in microgravity is associated with deconditioning of the musculoskeletal system due to chronic changes in mechanical stimulation. Given astronauts will operate on the Lunar surface for extended periods of time, it is critical to quantify both external (e.g., ground reaction forces) and internal (e.g., joint reaction forces) loads of relevant movements performed during Lunar missions. Such knowledge is key to predict musculoskeletal deconditioning and determine appropriate exercise countermeasures associated with extended exposure to hypogravity.
Automated driving is now possible in diverse road and traffic conditions. However, there are still situations that automated vehicles cannot handle safely and efficiently. In this case, a Transition of Control (ToC) is necessary so that the driver takes control of the driving. Executing a ToC requires the driver to get full situation awareness of the driving environment. If the driver fails to get back the control in a limited time, a Minimum Risk Maneuver (MRM) is executed to bring the vehicle into a safe state (e.g., decelerating to full stop). The execution of ToCs requires some time and can cause traffic disruption and safety risks that increase if several vehicles execute ToCs/MRMs at similar times and in the same area. This study proposes to use novel C-ITS traffic management measures where the infrastructure exploits V2X communications to assist Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) in the execution of ToCs. The infrastructure can suggest a spatial distribution of ToCs, and inform vehicles of the locations where they could execute a safe stop in case of MRM. This paper reports the first field operational tests that validate the feasibility and quantify the benefits of the proposed infrastructure-assisted ToC and MRM management. The paper also presents the CAV and roadside infrastructure prototypes implemented and used in the trials. The conducted field trials demonstrate that infrastructure-assisted traffic management solutions can reduce safety risks and traffic disruptions.
Providing healthcare services frequently involves cognitively demanding tasks, including diagnoses and analyses as well as complex decisions about treatments and therapy. From a global perspective, ethically significant inequalities exist between regions where the expert knowledge required for these tasks is scarce or abundant. One possible strategy to diminish such inequalities and increase healthcare opportunities in expert-scarce settings is to provide healthcare solutions involving digital technologies that do not necessarily require the presence of a human expert, e.g., in the form of artificial intelligent decision-support systems (AI-DSS). Such algorithmic decision-making, however, is mostly developed in resource- and expert-abundant settings to support healthcare experts in their work. As a practical consequence, the normative standards and requirements for such algorithmic decision-making in healthcare require the technology to be at least as explainable as the decisions made by the experts themselves. The goal of providing healthcare in settings where resources and expertise are scarce might come with a normative pull to lower the normative standards of using digital technologies in order to provide at least some healthcare in the first place. We scrutinize this tendency to lower standards in particular settings from a normative perspective, distinguish between different types of absolute and relative, local and global standards of explainability, and conclude by defending an ambitious and practicable standard of local relative explainability.
Advances in polymer science have significantly increased polymer applications in life sciences. We report the use of free-standing, ultra-thin polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membranes, called CellDrum, as cell culture substrates for an in vitro wound model. Dermal fibroblast monolayers from 28- and 88-year-old donors were cultured on CellDrums. By using stainless steel balls, circular cell-free areas were created in the cell layer (wounding). Sinusoidal strain of 1 Hz, 5% strain, was applied to membranes for 30 min in 4 sessions. The gap circumference and closure rate of un-stretched samples (controls) and stretched samples were monitored over 4 days to investigate the effects of donor age and mechanical strain on wound closure. A significant decrease in gap circumference and an increase in gap closure rate were observed in trained samples from younger donors and control samples from older donors. In contrast, a significant decrease in gap closure rate and an increase in wound circumference were observed in the trained samples from older donors. Through these results, we propose the model of a cell monolayer on stretchable CellDrums as a practical tool for wound healing research. The combination of biomechanical cell loading in conjunction with analyses such as gene/protein expression seems promising beyond the scope published here.
Cell spraying has become a feasible application method for cell therapy and tissue engineering approaches. Different devices have been used with varying success. Often, twin-fluid atomizers are used, which require a high gas velocity for optimal aerosolization characteristics. To decrease the amount and velocity of required air, a custom-made atomizer was designed based on the effervescent principle. Different designs were evaluated regarding spray characteristics and their influence on human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. The arithmetic mean diameters of the droplets were 15.4–33.5 µm with decreasing diameters for increasing gas-to-liquid ratios. The survival rate was >90% of the control for the lowest gas-to-liquid ratio. For higher ratios, cell survival decreased to approximately 50%. Further experiments were performed with the design, which had shown the highest survival rates. After seven days, no significant differences in metabolic activity were observed. The apoptosis rates were not influenced by aerosolization, while high gas-to-liquid ratios caused increased necrosis levels. Tri-lineage differentiation potential into adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts was not negatively influenced by aerosolization. Thus, the effervescent aerosolization principle was proven suitable for cell applications requiring reduced amounts of supplied air. This is the first time an effervescent atomizer was used for cell processing.
Flexible fuel operation of a Dry-Low-NOx Micromix Combustor with Variable Hydrogen Methane Mixture
(2022)
The role of hydrogen (H2) as a carbon-free energy carrier is discussed since decades for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. As bridge technology towards a hydrogen-based energy supply, fuel mixtures of natural gas or methane (CH4) and hydrogen are possible.
The paper presents the first test results of a low-emission Micromix combustor designed for flexible-fuel operation with variable H2/CH4 mixtures. The numerical and experimental approach for considering variable fuel mixtures instead of recently investigated pure hydrogen is described.
In the experimental studies, a first generation FuelFlex Micromix combustor geometry is tested at atmospheric pressure at gas turbine operating conditions corresponding to part- and full-load. The H2/CH4 fuel mixture composition is varied between 57 and 100 vol.% hydrogen content.
Despite the challenges flexible-fuel operation poses onto the design of a combustion system, the evaluated FuelFlex Micromix prototype shows a significant low NOx performance
Altered gastrocnemius contractile behavior in former achilles tendon rupture patients during walking
(2022)
Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) remains associated with functional limitations years after injury. Architectural remodeling of the gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscle is typically observed in the affected leg and may compensate force deficits caused by a longer tendon. Yet patients seem to retain functional limitations during—low-force—walking gait. To explore the potential limits imposed by the remodeled GM muscle-tendon unit (MTU) on walking gait, we examined the contractile behavior of muscle fascicles during the stance phase. In a cross-sectional design, we studied nine former patients (males; age: 45 ± 9 years; height: 180 ± 7 cm; weight: 83 ± 6 kg) with a history of complete unilateral ATR, approximately 4 years post-surgery. Using ultrasonography, GM tendon morphology, muscle architecture at rest, and fascicular behavior were assessed during walking at 1.5 m⋅s–1 on a treadmill. Walking patterns were recorded with a motion capture system. The unaffected leg served as control. Lower limbs kinematics were largely similar between legs during walking. Typical features of ATR-related MTU remodeling were observed during the stance sub-phases corresponding to series elastic element (SEE) lengthening (energy storage) and SEE shortening (energy release), with shorter GM fascicles (36 and 36%, respectively) and greater pennation angles (8° and 12°, respectively). However, relative to the optimal fascicle length for force production, fascicles operated at comparable length in both legs. Similarly, when expressed relative to optimal fascicle length, fascicle contraction velocity was not different between sides, except at the time-point of peak series elastic element (SEE) length, where it was 39 ± 49% lower in the affected leg. Concomitantly, fascicles rotation during contraction was greater in the affected leg during the whole stance-phase, and architectural gear ratios (AGR) was larger during SEE lengthening. Under the present testing conditions, former ATR patients had recovered a relatively symmetrical walking gait pattern. Differences in seen AGR seem to accommodate the profound changes in MTU architecture, limiting the required fascicle shortening velocity. Overall, the contractile behavior of the GM fascicles does not restrict length- or velocity-dependent force potentials during this locomotor task.
This study aims to quantify the kinematics, kinetics and muscular activity of all-out handcycling exercise and examine their alterations during the course of a 15-s sprint test. Twelve able-bodied competitive triathletes performed a 15-s all-out sprint test in a recumbent racing handcycle that was attached to an ergometer. During the sprint test, tangential crank kinetics, 3D joint kinematics and muscular activity of 10 muscles of the upper extremity and trunk were examined using a power metre, motion capturing and surface electromyography (sEMG), respectively. Parameters were compared between revolution one (R1), revolution two (R2), the average of revolution 3 to 13 (R3) and the average of the remaining revolutions (R4). Shoulder abduction and internal-rotation increased, whereas maximal shoulder retroversion decreased during the sprint. Except for the wrist angles, angular velocity increased for every joint of the upper extremity. Several muscles demonstrated an increase in muscular activation, an earlier onset of muscular activation in crank cycle and an increased range of activation. During the course of a 15-s all-out sprint test in handcycling, the shoulder muscles and the muscles associated to the push phase demonstrate indications for short-duration fatigue. These findings are helpful to prevent injuries and improve performance in all-out handcycling.
Landslides, rock falls or related subaerial and subaqueous mass slides can generate devastating impulse waves in adjacent waterbodies. Such waves can occur in lakes and fjords, or due to glacier calving in bays or at steep ocean coastlines. Infrastructure and residential houses along coastlines of those waterbodies are often situated on low elevation terrain, and are potentially at risk from inundation. Impulse waves, running up a uniform slope and generating an overland flow over an initially dry adjacent horizontal plane, represent a frequently found scenario, which needs to be better understood for disaster planning and mitigation. This study presents a novel set of large-scale flume test focusing on solitary waves propagating over a 1:14.5 slope and breaking onto a horizontal section. Examining the characteristics of overland flow, this study gives, for the first time, insight into the fundamental process of overland flow of a broken solitary wave: its shape and celerity, as well as its momentum when wave breaking has taken place beforehand.
Damage of reinforced concrete (RC) frames with masonry infill walls has been observed after many earthquakes. Brittle behaviour of the masonry infills in combination with the ductile behaviour of the RC frames makes infill walls prone to damage during earthquakes. Interstory deformations lead to an interaction between the infill and the RC frame, which affects the structural response. The result of this interaction is significant damage to the infill wall and sometimes to the surrounding structural system too. In most design codes, infill walls are considered as non-structural elements and neglected in the design process, because taking into account the infills and considering the interaction between frame and infill in software packages can be complicated and impractical. A good way to avoid negative aspects arising from this behavior is to ensure no or low-interaction of the frame and infill wall, for instance by decoupling the infill from the frame. This paper presents the numerical study performed to investigate new connection system called INODIS (Innovative Decoupled Infill System) for decoupling infill walls from surrounding frame with the aim to postpone infill activation to high interstory drifts thus reducing infill/frame interaction and minimizing damage to both infills and frames. The experimental results are first used for calibration and validation of the numerical model, which is then employed for investigating the influence of the material parameters as well as infill’s and frame’s geometry on the in-plane behaviour of the infilled frames with the INODIS system. For all the investigated situations, simulation results show significant improvements in behaviour for decoupled infilled RC frames in comparison to the traditionally infilled frames.
Die Institution Hochschule hat das Potenzial, über transformatives Forschen und Lehren und den entsprechenden Wissenstransfer in den lokalen Kontext strategisch-verlässliche Partnerin der Großen Transformation zur Nachhaltigkeit zu werden und bei der Ausbildung von Pionierinnen und Pionieren des Wandels mitzuwirken. Der Lehr- und Forschungsschwerpunkt „Zukunftsfähige Transformation” am Fachbereich Architektur der FH Aachen widmet sich seit 2020 dem Tagebauumfeld Hambach im Rheinischen Revier, um dort angewandt und in Kooperation neue Narrative, innovative Prozesse, ortsbezogene Konzepte und strategische Projekte zu entwickeln und umzusetzen.
With proven impact of statistical fracture analysis on fracture classifications, it is desirable to minimize the manual work and to maximize repeatability of this approach. We address this with an algorithm that reduces the manual effort to segmentation, fragment identification and reduction. The fracture edge detection and heat map generation are performed automatically. With the same input, the algorithm always delivers the same output. The tool transforms one intact template consecutively onto each fractured specimen by linear least square optimization, detects the fragment edges in the template and then superimposes them to generate a fracture probability heat map.
We hypothesized that the algorithm runs faster than the manual evaluation and with low (< 5 mm) deviation. We tested the hypothesis in 10 fractured proximal humeri and found that it performs with good accuracy (2.5 mm ± 2.4 mm averaged Euclidean distance) and speed (23 times faster). When applied to a distal humerus, a tibia plateau, and a scaphoid fracture, the run times were low (1–2 min), and the detected edges correct by visual judgement. In the geometrically complex acetabulum, at a run time of 78 min some outliers were considered acceptable. An automatically generated fracture probability heat map based on 50 proximal humerus fractures matches the areas of high risk of fracture reported in medical literature.
Such automation of the fracture analysis method is advantageous and could be extended to reduce the manual effort even further.
In order to realistically predict and optimize the actual performance of a concentrating solar power (CSP) plant sophisticated simulation models and methods are required. This paper presents a detailed dynamic simulation model for a Molten Salt Solar Tower (MST) system, which is capable of simulating transient operation including detailed startup and shutdown procedures including drainage and refill. For appropriate representation of the transient behavior of the receiver as well as replication of local bulk and surface temperatures a discretized receiver model based on a novel homogeneous two-phase (2P) flow modelling approach is implemented in Modelica Dymola®. This allows for reasonable representation of the very different hydraulic and thermal properties of molten salt versus air as well as the transition between both. This dynamic 2P receiver model is embedded in a comprehensive one-dimensional model of a commercial scale MST system and coupled with a transient receiver flux density distribution from raytracing based heliostat field simulation. This enables for detailed process prediction with reasonable computational effort, while providing data such as local salt film and wall temperatures, realistic control behavior as well as net performance of the overall system. Besides a model description, this paper presents some results of a validation as well as the simulation of a complete startup procedure. Finally, a study on numerical simulation performance and grid dependencies is presented and discussed.
An alternative method is presented to numerically compute interior elastic transmission eigenvalues for various domains in two dimensions. This is achieved by discretizing the resulting system of boundary integral equations in combination with a nonlinear eigenvalue solver. Numerical results are given to show that this new approach can provide better results than the finite element method when dealing with general domains.
Analysis and computation of the transmission eigenvalues with a conductive boundary condition
(2022)
We provide a new analytical and computational study of the transmission eigenvalues with a conductive boundary condition. These eigenvalues are derived from the scalar inverse scattering problem for an inhomogeneous material with a conductive boundary condition. The goal is to study how these eigenvalues depend on the material parameters in order to estimate the refractive index. The analytical questions we study are: deriving Faber–Krahn type lower bounds, the discreteness and limiting behavior of the transmission eigenvalues as the conductivity tends to infinity for a sign changing contrast. We also provide a numerical study of a new boundary integral equation for computing the eigenvalues. Lastly, using the limiting behavior we will numerically estimate the refractive index from the eigenvalues provided the conductivity is sufficiently large but unknown.
Optical Fibers as Dosimeter Detectors for Mixed Proton/Neutron Fields - A Biological Dosimeter
(2023)
In recent years, proton therapy has gained importance as a cancer treatment modality due to its conformality with the tumor and the sparing of healthy tissue. However, in the interaction of the protons with the beam line elements and patient tissues, potentially harmful secondary neutrons are always generated. To ensure that this neutron dose is as low as possible, treatment plans could be created to also account for and minimize the neutron dose. To monitor such a treatment plan, a compact, easy to use, and inexpensive dosimeter must be developed that not only measures the physical dose, but which can also distinguish between proton and neutron contributions. To that end, plastic optical fibers with scintillation materials (Gd₂O₂S:Tb, Gd₂O₂S:Eu, and YVO₄:Eu) were irradiated with protons and neutrons. It was confirmed that sensors with different scintillation materials have different sensitivities to protons and neutrons. A combination of these three scintillators can be used to build a detector array to create a biological dosimeter.
Ambitious climate targets affect the competitiveness of industries in the international market. To prevent such industries from moving to other countries in the wake of increased climate protection efforts, cost adjustments may become necessary. Their design requires knowledge of country-specific production costs. Here, we present country-specific cost figures for different production routes of steel, paying particular attention to transportation costs. The data can be used in floor price models aiming to assess the competitiveness of different steel production routes in different countries (Rübbelke, 2022).
Aspergillus oryzae is an industrially relevant organism for the secretory production of heterologous enzymes, especially amylases. The activities of potential heterologous amylases, however, cannot be quantified directly from the supernatant due to the high background activity of native α-amylase. This activity is caused by the gene products of amyA, amyB, and amyC. In this study, an in vitro CRISPR/Cas9 system was established in A. oryzae to delete these genes simultaneously. First, pyrG of A. oryzae NSAR1 was mutated by exploiting NHEJ to generate a counter-selection marker. Next, all amylase genes were deleted simultaneously by co-transforming a repair template carrying pyrG of Aspergillus nidulans and flanking sequences of amylase gene loci. The rate of obtained triple knock-outs was 47%. We showed that triple knockouts do not retain any amylase activity in the supernatant. The established in vitro CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to achieve sequence-specific knock-in of target genes. The system was intended to incorporate a single copy of the gene of interest into the desired host for the development of screening methods. Therefore, an integration cassette for the heterologous Fpi amylase was designed to specifically target the amyB locus. The site-specific integration rate of the plasmid was 78%, with exceptional additional integrations. Integration frequency was assessed via qPCR and directly correlated with heterologous amylase activity. Hence, we could compare the efficiency between two different signal peptides. In summary, we present a strategy to exploit CRISPR/Cas9 for gene mutation, multiplex knock-out, and the targeted knock-in of an expression cassette in A. oryzae. Our system provides straightforward strain engineering and paves the way for development of fungal screening systems.
Environmental emissions, global warming, and energy-related concerns have accelerated the advancements in conventional vehicles that primarily use internal combustion engines. Among the existing technologies, hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles and fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles may have minimal contributions to greenhouse gas emissions and thus are the prime choices for environmental concerns. However, energy management in fuel cell electric vehicles and fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles is a major challenge. Appropriate control strategies should be used for effective energy management in these vehicles. On the other hand, there has been significant progress in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and designing data-driven intelligent controllers. These techniques have found much attention within the community, and state-of-the-art energy management technologies have been developed based on them. This manuscript reviews the application of machine learning and intelligent controllers for prediction, control, energy management, and vehicle to everything (V2X) in hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. The effectiveness of data-driven control and optimization systems are investigated to evolve, classify, and compare, and future trends and directions for sustainability are discussed.
Influence of slab deflection on the out-of-plane capacity of unreinforced masonry partition walls
(2023)
Severe damage of non-structural elements is noticed in previous earthquakes, causing high economic losses and posing a life threat for the people. Masonry partition walls are one of the most commonly used non-structural elements. Therefore, their behaviour under earthquake loading in out-of-plane (OOP) direction is investigated by several researches in the past years. However, none of the existing experimental campaigns or analytical approaches consider the influence of prior slab deflection on OOP response of partition walls. Moreover, none of the existing construction techniques for the connection of partition walls with surrounding reinforced concrete (RC) is investigated for the combined slab deflection and OOP loading. However, the inevitable time-dependent behaviour of RC slabs leads to high values of final slab deflections which can further influence boundary conditions of partition walls. Therefore, a comprehensive study on the influence of slab deflection on the OOP capacity of masonry partitions is conducted. In the first step, experimental tests are carried out. Results of experimental tests are further used for the calibration of the numerical model employed for a parametric study. Based on the results, behaviour under combined loading for different construction techniques is explained. The results show that slab deflection leads either to severe damage or to a high reduction of OOP capacity. Existing practical solutions do not account for these effects. In this contribution, recommendations to overcome the problems of combined slab deflection and OOP loading on masonry partition walls are given. Possible interaction of in-plane (IP) loading, with the combined slab deflection and OOP loading on partition walls, is not investigated in this study.
We consider time-dependent portfolios and discuss the allocation of changes in the risk of a portfolio to changes in the portfolio’s components. For this purpose we adopt established allocation principles. We also use our approach to obtain forecasts for changes in the risk of the portfolio’s components. To put the approach into practice we present an implementation based on the output of a simulation. Allocation is illustrated with an example portfolio in the context of Solvency II. The quality of the forecasts is investigated with an empirical study.