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- bezahl (32)
- fachbereichsweit (FB4) (12)
The aim of the present study was the characterisation of three true subtilisins and one phylogenetically intermediate subtilisin from halotolerant and halophilic microorganisms. Considering the currently growing enzyme market for efficient and novel biocatalysts, data mining is a promising source for novel, as yet uncharacterised enzymes, especially from halophilic or halotolerant Bacillaceae, which offer great potential to meet industrial needs. Both halophilic bacteria Pontibacillus marinus DSM 16465ᵀ and Alkalibacillus haloalkaliphilus DSM 5271ᵀ and both halotolerant bacteria Metabacillus indicus DSM 16189 and Litchfieldia alkalitelluris DSM 16976ᵀ served as a source for the four new subtilisins SPPM, SPAH, SPMI and SPLA. The protease genes were cloned and expressed in Bacillus subtilis DB104. Purification to apparent homogeneity was achieved by ethanol precipitation, desalting and ion-exchange chromatography. Enzyme activity could be observed between pH 5.0–12.0 with an optimum for SPPM, SPMI and SPLA around pH 9.0 and for SPAH at pH 10.0. The optimal temperature for SPMI and SPLA was 70 °C and for SPPM and SPAH 55 °C and 50 °C, respectively. All proteases showed high stability towards 5% (w/v) SDS and were active even at NaCl concentrations of 5 M. The four proteases demonstrate potential for future biotechnological applications.
Subtilisins from microbial sources, especially from the Bacillaceae family, are of particular interest for biotechnological applications and serve the currently growing enzyme market as efficient and novel biocatalysts. Biotechnological applications include use in detergents, cosmetics, leather processing, wastewater treatment and pharmaceuticals. To identify a possible candidate for the enzyme market, here we cloned the gene of the subtilisin SPFA from Fictibacillus arsenicus DSM 15822ᵀ (obtained through a data mining-based search) and expressed it in Bacillus subtilis DB104. After production and purification, the protease showed a molecular mass of 27.57 kDa and a pI of 5.8. SPFA displayed hydrolytic activity at a temperature optimum of 80 °C and a very broad pH optimum between 8.5 and 11.5, with high activity up to pH 12.5. SPFA displayed no NaCl dependence but a high NaCl tolerance, with decreasing activity up to concentrations of 5 m NaCl. The stability enhanced with increasing NaCl concentration. Based on its substrate preference for 10 synthetic peptide 4-nitroanilide substrates with three or four amino acids and its phylogenetic classification, SPFA can be assigned to the subgroup of true subtilisins. Moreover, SPFA exhibited high tolerance to 5% (w/v) SDS and 5% H₂O₂ (v/v). The biochemical properties of SPFA, especially its tolerance of remarkably high pH, SDS and H₂O₂, suggest it has potential for biotechnological applications.
Damit Sie auch in den immer häufiger werdenden Onlineveranstaltungen als Moderator gut bestehen, sollten Sie wissen, was bei der Onlinemoderation im Besonderen zu beachten ist.
In diesem dritten Teil der Beitragsserie erfahren Sie, warum online anders als offline ist. Die technischen Möglichkeiten werden vorgestellt und auch wie diese zu nutzen sind. Schließlich erhalten Sie Tipps, die Sie beim Sprechen online beachten sollten.
Damit Sie als Moderator effektiv und professionell moderieren können, sollten Sie die entsprechenden Methoden kennen.
Mit den richtigen Methoden können Sie Diskussionen leiten, Konflikte lösen, die Teilnehmer motivieren und dafür sorgen, dass die Ziele der Veranstaltung erreicht werden. Außerdem helfen sie Ihnen, eine positive Atmosphäre zu schaffen und das Interesse der Teilnehmer zu halten.
In diesem zweiten Beitrag der mehrteiligen Serie lernen Sie die grundsätzlichen Methoden kennen, um erfolgreiche Teamsitzungen, Arbeitsgruppentreffen, Kick-offs und Meetings durchzuführen.
Damit Sie als Moderator effektiv und professionell moderieren können, sollten Sie die entsprechenden Methoden kennen.
Mit den richtigen Methoden können Sie Diskussionen leiten, Konflikte lösen, die Teilnehmer motivieren und dafür sorgen, dass die Ziele der Veranstaltung erreicht werden. Außerdem helfen sie Ihnen, eine positive Atmosphäre zu schaffen und das Interesse der Teilnehmer zu halten.
In diesem zweiten Beitrag der mehrteiligen Serie lernen Sie die grundsätzlichen Methoden kennen, um erfolgreiche Teamsitzungen, Arbeitsgruppentreffen, Kick-offs und Meetings durchzuführen.
Damit Sie als Moderator effektiv und professionell moderieren können, sollten Sie die entsprechenden Methoden kennen.
Mit den richtigen Methoden können Sie Diskussionen leiten, Konflikte lösen, die Teilnehmer motivieren und dafür sorgen, dass die Ziele der Veranstaltung erreicht werden. Außerdem helfen sie Ihnen, eine positive Atmosphäre zu schaffen und das Interesse der Teilnehmer zu halten.
In diesem zweiten Beitrag der mehrteiligen Serie lernen Sie die grundsätzlichen Methoden kennen, um erfolgreiche Teamsitzungen, Arbeitsgruppentreffen, Kick-offs und Meetings durchzuführen.
Teamsitzungen, Arbeitsgruppentreffen, Kickoffs und Meetings – sie alle werden mit dem Ziel durchgeführt, innerhalb einer vorgegebenen Zeitspanne ein gemeinsames Arbeitsziel zu erreichen. Damit die Zielerreichung auch bei komplexeren Arbeitsaufträgen nicht vom Zufall abhängt, empfiehlt es sich, die Leitung des Ablaufs einem Moderator zu übertragen.
In diesem Beitrag einer dreiteiligen Serie wird beschrieben, über welches Mindset der Moderator verfügen sollte, welche grundsätzlichen Methoden hilfreich sind und was bei der Onlinemoderation im Besonderen zu beachten ist.
Teamsitzungen, Arbeitsgruppentreffen, Kickoffs und Meetings – sie alle werden mit dem Ziel durchgeführt, innerhalb einer vorgegebenen Zeitspanne ein gemeinsames Arbeitsziel zu erreichen. Damit die Zielerreichung auch bei komplexeren Arbeitsaufträgen nicht vom Zufall abhängt, empfiehlt es sich, die Leitung des Ablaufs einem Moderator zu übertragen.
In diesem Beitrag einer mehrteiligen Serie wird beschrieben, über welches Mindset der Moderator verfügen sollte, welche grundsätzlichen Methoden hilfreich sind und was bei der Onlinemoderation im Besonderen zu beachten ist.
Damit Sie auch in den immer häufiger werdenden Onlineveranstaltungen als Moderator gut bestehen, sollten Sie wissen, was bei der Onlinemoderation im Besonderen zu beachten ist.
In diesem dritten Teil der Beitragsserie erfahren Sie, warum online anders als offline ist. Die technischen Möglichkeiten werden vorgestellt und auch wie diese zu nutzen sind. Schließlich erhalten Sie Tipps, die Sie beim Sprechen online beachten sollten.
Proteins are important ingredients in food and feed, they are the active components of many pharmaceutical products, and they are necessary, in the form of enzymes, for the success of many technical processes. However, production can be challenging, especially when using heterologous host cells such as bacteria to express and assemble recombinant mammalian proteins. The manufacturability of proteins can be hindered by low solubility, a tendency to aggregate, or inefficient purification. Tools such as in silico protein engineering and models that predict separation criteria can overcome these issues but usually require the complex shape and surface properties of proteins to be represented by a small number of quantitative numeric values known as descriptors, as similarly used to capture the features of small molecules. Here, we review the current status of protein descriptors, especially for application in quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) models. First, we describe the complexity of proteins and the properties that descriptors must accommodate. Then we introduce descriptors of shape and surface properties that quantify the global and local features of proteins. Finally, we highlight the current limitations of protein descriptors and propose strategies for the derivation of novel protein descriptors that are more informative.
VEKSLE
(2023)
Die beste Form der Nachhaltigkeit ist jahrzehntelange Freude. VEKSLE beschreibt eine Möbelkollektion, die sich in Zeiten des Überangebots und des ständigen Wohnraumwechsels anpasst. Die minimalistische Ästhetik mit hohem Sitzkomfort orientiert sich dabei an den Bedürfnissen von Verbraucher:innen und lässt sich im Laufe seiner Nutzungsperiode stetig an neue Einrichtungsstyles und Veränderungen anpassen. Als Verwandlungskünstler bereichert VEKSLE jeden Wohnraum. Die gesamte Serie ist unter Berücksichtigung der schnelllebigen und sich wandelnden Welt entworfen worden und beschreibt ein Konzept, bei dem sich alle Einzelteile kontinuierlich wechseln, pflegen und reparieren lassen. Die Kollektion ist den flexiblen Anforderungen des Menschen gewachsen, birgt für jeden die richtige Lösung und hinterlässt durch die Verwendung von natürlichen und recyclebaren Materialien nachhaltig Eindruck.
Throughout the last decade, and particularly in 2022, water scarcity has become a critical concern in Morocco and other Mediterranean countries. The lack of rainfall during spring was worsened by a succession of heat waves during the summer. To address this drought, innovative solutions, including the use of new technologies such as hydrogels, will be essential to transform agriculture. This paper presents the findings of a study that evaluated the impact of hydrogel application on onion (Allium cepa) cultivation in Meknes, Morocco. The treatments investigated in this study comprised two different types of hydrogel-based soil additives (Arbovit® polyacrylate and Huminsorb® polyacrylate), applied at two rates (30 and 20 kg/ha), and irrigated at two levels of water supply (100% and 50% of daily crop evapotranspiration; ETc). Two control treatments were included, without hydrogel application and with both water amounts. The experiment was conducted in an open field using a completely randomized design. The results indicated a significant impact of both hydrogel-type dose and water dose on onion plant growth, as evidenced by various vegetation parameters. Among the hydrogels tested, Huminsorb® Polyacrylate produced the most favorable outcomes, with treatment T9 (100%, HP, 30 kg/ha) yielding 70.55 t/ha; this represented an increase of 11 t/ha as compared to the 100% ETc treatment without hydrogel application. Moreover, the combination of hydrogel application with 50% ETc water stress showed promising results, with treatment T4 (HP, 30 kg, 50%) producing almost the same yield as the 100% ETc treatment without hydrogel while saving 208 mm of water.
Massenwohnungsbau in Berlin : eine Publikation zur Architektur des Massenwohnungsbaus in Berlin
(2023)
Berlin. Eine Stadt, die immer weiter wächst und beinahe aus allen Nähten platzt. Doch das Problem ist kein neues, denn bereits seit den 1920er-Jahren ist der Wohnraummangel in Berlin ein bekanntes Thema und immer wieder mussten hierfür in den letzten 100 Jahren Lösungen gefunden werden. Diese Publikation dokumentiert einen Querschnitt der Massenwohnbauten in Berlin, welche seit dem ersten Weltkrieg und auch insbesondere nach der Teilung der Stadt für die Unterbringung großer Menschenmengen konzipiert und gebaut wurden. Das Buch klärt über die Entstehung der Viertel und Gebäude auf, enthält Interviews einiger Bewohner*innen und bietet zudem fotografisch einen Blick hinter die Fassaden. Das Ziel ist es, das Thema Massenwohnraum vorzustellen und durch die detaillierten Einblicke die damit verknüpften – meist negativen – Stigmata abzubauen.
Autonomous agents require rich environment models for fulfilling their missions. High-definition maps are a well-established map format which allows for representing semantic information besides the usual geometric information of the environment. These are, for instance, road shapes, road markings, traffic signs or barriers. The geometric resolution of HD maps can be as precise as of centimetre level. In this paper, we report on our approach of using HD maps as a map representation for autonomous load-haul-dump vehicles in open-pit mining operations. As the mine undergoes constant change, we also need to constantly update the map. Therefore, we follow a lifelong mapping approach for updating the HD maps based on camera-based object detection and GPS data. We show our mapping algorithm based on the Lanelet 2 map format and show our integration with the navigation stack of the Robot Operating System. We present experimental results on our lifelong mapping approach from a real open-pit mine.
Software development projects often fail because of insufficient code quality. It is now well documented that the task of testing software, for example, is perceived as uninteresting and rather boring, leading to poor software quality and major challenges to software development companies. One promising approach to increase the motivation for considering software quality is the use of gamification. Initial research works already investigated the effects of gamification on software developers and come to promising. Nevertheless, a lack of results from field experiments exists, which motivates the chapter at hand. By conducting a gamification experiment with five student software projects and by interviewing the project members, the chapter provides insights into the changing programming behavior of information systems students when confronted with a leaderboard. The results reveal a motivational effect as well as a reduction of code smells.
The popularity of social media and particularly Instagram grows steadily. People use the different platforms to share pictures as well as videos and to communicate with friends. The potential of social media platforms is also being used for marketing purposes and for selling products. While for Facebook and other online social media platforms the purchase decision factors are investigated several times, Instagram stores remain mainly unattended so far. The present research work closes this gap and sheds light into decisive factors for purchasing products offered in Instagram stores. A theoretical research model, which contains selected constructs that are assumed to have a significant influence on Instagram user´s purchase intention, is developed. The hypotheses are evaluated by applying structural equation modelling on survey data containing 127 relevant participants. The results of the study reveal that ‘trust’, ‘personal recommendation’, and ‘usability’ significantly influences user’s buying intention in Instagram stores.
Die Auswahl der passenden Geschäftsprozesse für eine Automatisierung mittels Robotic Process Automation (RPA) ist für den Erfolg von RPA-Projekten entscheidend. Das vorliegende Kapitel liefert dafür Selektionskriterien, die aus einer qualitativen Studie mit elf interviewten RPA-Experten aus dem Versicherungsumfeld resultieren. Das Ergebnis umfasst eine gewichtete Liste von sieben Dimensionen und 51 Prozesskriterien, welche die Automatisierung mit Softwarerobotern begünstigen beziehungsweise deren Nichterfüllung eine Umsetzung erschweren oder sogar verhindern. Die drei wichtigsten Kriterien zur Auswahl von Geschäftsprozessen für die Automatisierung mittels RPA umfassen die Entlastung der an dem Prozess mitwirkenden Mitarbeiter (Arbeitnehmerentlastung), die Ausführbarkeit des Prozesses mittels Regeln (Regelbasierte Prozessteuerung) sowie ein positiver Kosten-Nutzen-Vergleich. Auf diesen Ergebnissen aufbauend wird ein Vergleich mit den bereits bekannten Selektionskriterien aus der Literatur erstellt und diskutiert. Praktiker können die Ergebnisse verwenden, um eine systematische Auswahl von RPA-relevanten Prozessen vorzunehmen. Aus wissenschaftlicher Perspektive stellen die Ergebnisse eine Grundlage zur Erklärung des Erfolgs und Misserfolgs von RPA-Projekten dar.
The number of electronic vehicles increase steadily while the space for extending the charging infrastructure is limited. In particular in urban areas, where parking spaces in attractive areas are famous, opportunities to setup new charging stations is very limited. This leads to an overload of some very attractive charging stations and an underutilization of less attractive ones. Against this background, the paper at hand presents the design of an e-vehicle reservation system that aims at distributing the utilization of the charging infrastructure, particularly in urban areas. By applying a design science approach, the requirements for a reservation-based utilization approach are elicited and a model for a suitable distribution approach and its instantiation are developed. The artefact is evaluated by simulating the distribution effects based on data of real charging station utilizations.
Ein neues tragendes, lagenweise aufgebautes Holzbau-Wandsystem und seine ökonomische und statische Entwicklung werden vorgestellt. Randbedingungen wie Nachhaltigkeit, Ressourceneffizienz und eine beanspruchungsadaptive Konstruktionsweise sind für diese innovative Bauteilentwicklung von zentraler Bedeutung. Eine wesentliche Herausforderung ist die Herstellung der Verbindung der Lagen untereinander zu einem bauphysikalisch und statisch leistungsfähigen Wandsystem. Die Tragfähigkeit und Steifigkeit verschiedener Verbindungsvarianten wurden ebenso wie die Eigenschaften der Wandelemente analytisch, numerisch und experimentell untersucht.
Dieser verständliche Einstieg in SAP S/4HANA führt Sie anhand des Beispielunternehmens Global Bike durch die zentralen Abläufe in Vertrieb, Einkauf, Rechnungswesen, Produktion und Lagerverwaltung. Sie werden mit den betriebswirtschaftlichen Grundlagen, den relevanten Organisationsstrukturen und Stammdaten sowie den Prozessen vertraut gemacht. Mithilfe von Praxisbeispielen und Fallstudien sind Sie schon bald SAP-S/4HANA-Profi – für mehr Erfolg in Studium und Beruf!
Meitner-Auger-electron emitters have a promising potential for targeted radionuclide therapy of cancer because of their short range and the high linear energy transfer of Meitner-Auger-electrons (MAE). One promising MAE candidate is 197m/gHg with its half-life of 23.8 h and 64.1 h, respectively, and high MAE yield. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) that are labelled with 197m/gHg could be a helpful tool for radiation treatment of glioblastoma multiforme when infused into the surgical cavity after resection to prevent recurrence. To produce such AuNPs, 197m/gHg was embedded into pristine AuNPs. Two different syntheses were tested starting from irradiated gold containing trace amounts of 197m/gHg. When sodium citrate was used as reducing agent, no 197m/gHg labelled AuNPs were formed, but with tannic acid, 197m/gHg labeled AuNPs were produced. The method was optimized by neutralizing the pH (pH = 7) of the Au/197m/gHg solution, which led to labelled AuNPs with a size of 12.3 ± 2.0 nm as measured by transmission electron microscopy. The labelled AuNPs had a concentration of 50 μg (gold)/mL with an activity of 151 ± 93 kBq/mL (197gHg, time corrected to the end of bombardment).
Dass der Stress im Krankenhaus eine Belastung für das Klinikpersonal darstellt, ist eine allseits bekannte Tatsache. Das liegt an dem anstrengenden Klinikalltag, welcher die Mitarbeiter:innen auf Belastungsprobe stellt. Lange Dienste und Überstunden, wenig Pausen und hohe Arbeitsverdichtung, Nacht- und Schichtdienst, zudem auch die aufwendige Dokumentation und ̈Bürokratie. Timewise behandelt die Thematik der Dienstplanerstellung im Krankenhaus unter der Berücksichtigung der psychischen und physischen Gesundheit des Klinikpersonals im Nacht- und Schichtdienst. Essenzielle Funktionen sind kürzere Kommunikationswege und eine gute Übersicht über den Soll-Ist-Abgleich inklusive Überstunden, Minusstunden, Abwesenheiten und den monatlichen Lohn. Der einfache Schichttausch und die Option der Berücksichtigung individueller Präferenzen und Wünsche ermöglicht es dem Personal, die Arbeit und das private Leben besser miteinander vereinen zu können, was sich positiv auf die Arbeitszufriedenheit auswirkt.
ADIE : Keramische Fassaden- und Wandverkleidung - Funktion und Wirkung von Schönheit im Design
(2023)
„ADIE“ ist eine Produktfamilie von Keramikplatten und Fliesen mit dreidimensionaler Oberfläche, welche durch Form und Farbe Schönheit zum Ausdruck bringen. Sie sind sowohl im Kontext der Architektur als Fassadenverkleidung anwendbar als auch im Innenbereich als Wandverkleidung. Die Fähigkeit von Schönheit, unsere Umgebung zu transformieren, nimmt eine leitende Rolle in dieser Arbeit ein. Als Inspirationsquelle für die Entwürfe dienten Dinge, die dem allgemeinen Schönheitsempfinden entsprechen: Wasser, Blüten, der Himmel und andere Naturphänomene. Diese wurden abstrahiert, in Reliefs übersetzt und in drei unterschiedliche Module weiterentwickelt. Sie sind konzeptionell frei skalierbar und wurden in Kleinserie im Gussverfahren prototypisiert. Mit „ADIE“ sollte auf die Funktion von Schönheit im Design Bezug genommen werden und etwas entstehen, das einfach „nur“ schön ist.
Seit Jahrhunderten tragen Hebammen die Verantwortung für neues Leben und geben ihre Erfahrungen und ihr Können weiter. Trotz dieser ehrwürdigen Aufgabe gehören sie zu einer kleinen Berufsgruppe, die viel zu oft unterschätzt, überlastet und unterbezahlt wird. Sie sind Begleiter*innen in einer der sensibelsten und emotionalsten Zeiten des Lebens. Die Unterstützung einer Hebamme gewährleistet Aufklärung und Beistand während der Schwangerschaft, der Geburt und der Zeit im Wochenbett.
Das Projekt »Die Hebamme« ist ein Berufsportrait. Die Arbeit gibt Einblicke in die Tätigkeit und seine verschiedenen Bereiche und erzählt dabei hauptsächlich in Bildern. Zusätzlich berichten Hebammen aus unterschiedlichen Blickwinkeln über ihre Arbeit. Dieses Portrait stellt die Realtität der Arbeit dar und soll die Bedeutung der Tätigkeit näher bringen.
Elektronische Musik umgibt uns alle. Der Einfluss elektronischer Musikproduktion auf moderne Popularmusik ist nicht von der Hand zu weisen und ihre Produktionstechniken für heutige Standards unverzichtbar. Über die Jahre ihrer Entwicklung und den dabei entstandenen Musikrichtungen verschwanden die individuellen Charakteristika der verschiedenen Subgenres allerdings oft einfach unter der Sammelbezeichnung elektronischer Musik.
»Electrovisuals« stellt die auditiven Eigenschaften elektronischer Musik in Form von klaren Infografiken dar und sorgt damit für ein besseres Verständnis von Rhythmus und Struktur der Songs. Die verschiedenen Subgenres werden multimedial inszeniert und einander gegenübergestellt, um Ähnlichkeiten und Unterschiede zu betonen.
Mithilfe seiner Aufbereitung stellt das Projekt die hohe Diversität elektronischer Musik heraus und bereitet sie eindrucksvoll und greifbar auf.
In this work, the effects of carbon sources and culture media on the production and structural properties of bacterial cellulose (BC) synthesized by Medusomyces gisevii have been studied. The culture medium was composed of different initial concentrations of glucose or sucrose dissolved in 0.4% extract of plain green tea. Parameters of the culture media (titratable acidity, substrate conversion degree etc.) were monitored daily for 20 days of cultivation. The BC pellicles produced on different carbon sources were characterized in terms of biomass yield, crystallinity and morphology by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Our results showed that Medusomyces gisevii had higher BC yields in media with sugar concentrations close to 10 g L−1 after a 18–20 days incubation period. Glucose in general lead to a higher BC yield (173 g L−1) compared to sucrose (163.5 g L−1). The BC crystallinity degree and surface roughness were higher in the samples synthetized from sucrose. Obtained FE-SEM micrographs show that the BC pellicles synthesized in the sucrose media contained densely packed tangles of cellulose fibrils whereas the BC produced in the glucose media displayed rather linear geometry of the BC fibrils without noticeable aggregates.
Experimental determination of the cross sections of proton capture on radioactive nuclei is extremely difficult. Therefore, it is of substantial interest for the understanding of the production of the p-nuclei. For the first time, a direct measurement of proton-capture cross sections on stored, radioactive ions became possible in an energy range of interest for nuclear astrophysics. The experiment was performed at the Experimental Storage Ring (ESR) at GSI by making use of a sensitive method to measure (p,γ) and (p,n) reactions in inverse kinematics. These reaction channels are of high relevance for the nucleosyn-thesis processes in supernovae, which are among the most violent explosions in the universe and are not yet well understood. The cross section of the ¹¹⁸Te(p,γ) reaction has been measured at energies of 6 MeV/u and 7 MeV/u. The heavy ions interacted with a hydrogen gas jet target. The radiative recombination process of the fully stripped ¹¹⁸Te ions and electrons from the hydrogen target was used as a luminosity monitor. An overview of the experimental method and preliminary results from the ongoing analysis will be presented.
Ice melting probes
(2023)
The exploration of icy environments in the solar system, such as the poles of Mars and the icy moons (a.k.a. ocean worlds), is a key aspect for understanding their astrobiological potential as well as for extraterrestrial resource inspection. On these worlds, ice melting probes are considered to be well suited for the robotic clean execution of such missions. In this chapter, we describe ice melting probes and their applications, the physics of ice melting and how the melting behavior can be modeled and simulated numerically, the challenges for ice melting, and the required key technologies to deal with those challenges. We also give an overview of existing ice melting probes and report some results and lessons learned from laboratory and field tests.
This paper describes the potential for developing a digital twin of society- a dynamic model that can be used to observe, analyze, and predict the evolution of various societal aspects. Such a digital twin can help governmental agencies and policy makers in interpreting trends, understanding challenges, and making decisions regarding investments or policies necessary to support societal development and ensure future prosperity. The paper reviews related work regarding the digital twin paradigm and its applications. The paper presents a motivating case study- an analysis of opportunities and challenges faced by the German federal employment agency, Bundesagentur f¨ur Arbeit (BA), proposes solutions using digital twins, and describes initial proofs of concept for such solutions.
The present work aimed to study the mainstream feasibility of the deammonifying sludge of side stream of municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWWTP) in Kaster, Germany. For this purpose, the deammonifying sludge available at the side stream was investigated for nitrogen (N) removal with respect to the operational factors temperature (15–30°C), pH value (6.0–8.0) and chemical oxygen demand (COD)/N ratio (≤1.5–6.0). The highest and lowest N-removal rates of 0.13 and 0.045 kg/(m³ d) are achieved at 30 and 15°C, respectively. Different conditions of pH and COD/N ratios in the SBRs of Partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) significantly influenced both the metabolic processes and associated N-removal rates. The scientific insights gained from the current work signifies the possibility of mainstream PN/A at WWTPs. The current study forms a solid basis of operational window for the upcoming semi-technical trails to be conducted prior to the full-scale mainstream PN/A at WWTP Kaster and WWTPs globally.
Deammonification for nitrogen removal in municipal wastewater in temperate and cold climate zones is currently limited to the side stream of municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWWTP). This study developed a conceptual model of a mainstream deammonification plant, designed for 30,000 P.E., considering possible solutions corresponding to the challenging mainstream conditions in Germany. In addition, the energy-saving potential, nitrogen elimination performance and construction-related costs of mainstream deammonification were compared to a conventional plant model, having a single-stage activated sludge process with upstream denitrification. The results revealed that an additional treatment step by combining chemical precipitation and ultra-fine screening is advantageous prior the mainstream deammonification. Hereby chemical oxygen demand (COD) can be reduced by 80% so that the COD:N ratio can be reduced from 12 to 2.5. Laboratory experiments testing mainstream conditions of temperature (8–20°C), pH (6–9) and COD:N ratio (1–6) showed an achievable volumetric nitrogen removal rate (VNRR) of at least 50 gN/(m3∙d) for various deammonifying sludges from side stream deammonification systems in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, where m3 denotes reactor volume. Assuming a retained Norganic content of 0.0035 kgNorg./(P.E.∙d) from the daily loads of N at carbon removal stage and a VNRR of 50 gN/(m3∙d) under mainstream conditions, a resident-specific reactor volume of 0.115 m3/(P.E.) is required for mainstream deammonification. This is in the same order of magnitude as the conventional activated sludge process, i.e., 0.173 m3/(P.E.) for an MWWTP of size class of 4. The conventional plant model yielded a total specific electricity demand of 35 kWh/(P.E.∙a) for the operation of the whole MWWTP and an energy recovery potential of 15.8 kWh/(P.E.∙a) through anaerobic digestion. In contrast, the developed mainstream deammonification model plant would require only a 21.5 kWh/(P.E.∙a) energy demand and result in 24 kWh/(P.E.∙a) energy recovery potential, enabling the mainstream deammonification model plant to be self-sufficient. The retrofitting costs for the implementation of mainstream deammonification in existing conventional MWWTPs are nearly negligible as the existing units like activated sludge reactors, aerators and monitoring technology are reusable. However, the mainstream deammonification must meet the performance requirement of VNRR of about 50 gN/(m3∙d) in this case.
Messenger apps like WhatsApp and Telegram are frequently used for everyday communication, but they can also be utilized as a platform for illegal activity. Telegram allows public groups with up to 200.000 participants. Criminals use these public groups for trading illegal commodities and services, which becomes a concern for law enforcement agencies, who manually monitor suspicious activity in these chat rooms. This research demonstrates how natural language processing (NLP) can assist in analyzing these chat rooms, providing an explorative overview of the domain and facilitating purposeful analyses of user behavior. We provide a publicly available corpus of annotated text messages with entities and relations from four self-proclaimed black market chat rooms. Our pipeline approach aggregates the extracted product attributes from user messages to profiles and uses these with their sold products as features for clustering. The extracted structured information is the foundation for further data exploration, such as identifying the top vendors or fine-granular price analyses. Our evaluation shows that pretrained word vectors perform better for unsupervised clustering than state-of-the-art transformer models, while the latter is still superior for sequence labeling.
Next-generation aircraft designs often incorporate multiple large propellers attached along the wingspan. These highly flexible dynamic systems can exhibit uncommon aeroelastic instabilities, which should be carefully investigated to ensure safe operation. The interaction between the propeller and the wing is of particular importance. It is known that whirl flutter is stabilized by wing motion and wing aerodynamics. This paper investigates the effect of a propeller onto wing flutter as a function of span position and mounting stiffness between the propeller and wing. The analysis of a comparison between a tractor and pusher configuration has shown that the coupled system is more stable than the standalone wing for propeller positions near the wing tip for both configurations. The wing fluttermechanism is mostly affected by the mass of the propeller and the resulting change in eigenfrequencies of the wing. For very weak mounting stiffnesses, whirl flutter occurs, which was shown to be stabilized compared to a standalone propeller due to wing motion. On the other hand, the pusher configuration is, as to be expected, the more critical configuration due to the attached mass behind the elastic axis.
Today’s society is undergoing a paradigm shift driven by the megatrend of sustainability. This undeniably affects all areas of Western life. This paper aims to find out how the luxury industry is dealing with this change and what adjustments are made by the companies. For this purpose, interviews were conducted with managers from the luxury industry, in which they were asked about specific measures taken by their companies as well as trends in the industry. In a subsequent evaluation, the trends in the luxury industry were summarized for the areas of ecological, social, and economic sustainability. It was found that the area of environmental sustainability is significantly more focused than the other sub-areas. Furthermore, the need for a customer survey to validate the industry-based measures was identified.
Die Nutzung des Onlinehandels steigt seit Jahren kontinuierlich an. Für Händler:innen und ganz besonders für kleine Anbieter:innen, die zunehmend von größeren verdrängt werden, ist es wichtiger denn je, ihren Onlineauftritt auf den neuesten Stand zu bringen. Doch stellt dies die kleineren Anbieter:innen oftmals vor große Herausforderungen, denn der digitale Handel muss stets aktualisiert werden und kostet Zeit, Aufwand und Geld. „Localution“ ist eine digitale Plattform, die es lokalen Anbieter:innen möglich macht, mit wenig Aufwand eine Webseite aufzubauen. Zusätzlich sind Angebote buchbar, die den stationären Handel optimieren. Für Konsument:innen bietet „Localution“ die Möglichkeit, lokale Anbieter:innen in der Nähe zu finden und Termine zu buchen.
The major advantage of labyrinth weirs over linear weirs is hydraulic efficiency. In hydraulic modeling efforts, this strength contrasts with limited pump capacity as well as limited computational power for CFD simulations. For the latter, reducing the number of investigated cycles can significantly reduce necessary computational time. In this study, a labyrinth weir with different cycle numbers was investigated. The simulations were conducted in FLOW-3D HYDRO as a Large Eddy Simulation. With a mean deviation of 1.75 % between simulated discharge coefficients and literature design equations, a reasonable agreement was found. For downstream conditions, overall consistent results were observed as well. However, the orientation of labyrinth weirs with a single cycle should be chosen carefully under consideration of the individual research purpose.
This thesis aims at the presentation and discussion of well-accepted and new
imaging techniques applied to different types of flow in common hydraulic
engineering environments. All studies are conducted in laboratory conditions and
focus on flow depth and velocity measurements. Investigated flows cover a wide
range of complexity, e.g. propagation of waves, dam-break flows, slightly and fully
aerated spillway flows as well as highly turbulent hydraulic jumps.
Newimagingmethods are compared to different types of sensorswhich are frequently
employed in contemporary laboratory studies. This classical instrumentation as well
as the general concept of hydraulic modeling is introduced to give an overview on
experimental methods.
Flow depths are commonly measured by means of ultrasonic sensors, also known as
acoustic displacement sensors. These sensors may provide accurate data with high
sample rates in case of simple flow conditions, e.g. low-turbulent clear water flows.
However, with increasing turbulence, higher uncertainty must be considered.
Moreover, ultrasonic sensors can provide point data only, while the relatively large
acoustic beam footprint may lead to another source of uncertainty in case of
relatively short, highly turbulent surface fluctuations (ripples) or free-surface
air-water flows. Analysis of turbulent length and time scales of surface fluctuations
from point measurements is also difficult. Imaging techniques with different
dimensionality, however, may close this gap. It is shown in this thesis that edge
detection methods (known from computer vision) may be used for two-dimensional
free-surface extraction (i.e. from images taken through transparant sidewalls in
laboratory flumes). Another opportunity in hydraulic laboratory studies comes with
the application of stereo vision. Low-cost RGB-D sensors can be used to gather
instantaneous, three-dimensional free-surface elevations, even in flows with very
high complexity (e.g. aerated hydraulic jumps). It will be shown that the uncertainty
of these methods is of similar order as for classical instruments.
Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is a well-accepted and widespread imaging
technique for velocity determination in laboratory conditions. In combination with
high-speed cameras, PIV can give time-resolved velocity fields in 2D/3D or even as
volumetric flow fields. PIV is based on a cross-correlation technique applied to small
subimages of seeded flows. The minimum size of these subimages defines the
maximum spatial resolution of resulting velocity fields. A derivative of PIV for
aerated flows is also available, i.e. the so-called Bubble Image Velocimetry (BIV). This
thesis emphasizes the capacities and limitations of both methods, using relatively
simple setups with halogen and LED illuminations. It will be demonstrated that
PIV/BIV images may also be processed by means of Optical Flow (OF) techniques.
OF is another method originating from the computer vision discipline, based on the
assumption of image brightness conservation within a sequence of images. The
Horn-Schunck approach, which has been first employed to hydraulic engineering
problems in the studies presented herein, yields dense velocity fields, i.e. pixelwise
velocity data. As discussed hereinafter, the accuracy of OF competes well with PIV
for clear-water flows and even improves results (compared to BIV) for aerated flow
conditions. In order to independently benchmark the OF approach, synthetic images
with defined turbulence intensitiy are used.
Computer vision offers new opportunities that may help to improve the
understanding of fluid mechanics and fluid-structure interactions in laboratory
investigations. In prototype environments, it can be employed for obstacle detection
(e.g. identification of potential fish migration corridors) and recognition (e.g. fish
species for monitoring in a fishway) or surface reconstruction (e.g. inspection of
hydraulic structures). It can thus be expected that applications to hydraulic
engineering problems will develop rapidly in near future. Current methods have not
been developed for fluids in motion. Systematic future developments are needed to
improve the results in such difficult conditions.
Das KERAMION beherbergt ein breites Sortiment an historischen Keramikstücken wie auch modernen künstlerischen Keramikarbeiten. Bei der neuen Konzeptionierung des Museums wurde eine Verbindung der historischen Sammlung und der modernen Kunst geschaffen, als Visualisierung dafür steht die eigens für das Museum erstellte Schrift. In dieser Schrift wird eine historische, schwungvolle Kurrentschrift aus dem 16. Jahrhundert mit einer modernen kantigen Serifenschrift verbunden. Daraus entsteht eine Schrift, die die Breite der Keramik widerspiegelt und von Steingut bis Porzellan alle Facetten aufgreift. Gepaart wird die einzigartige Schrift mit einem auf das Zentrum ausgerichteten Layoutprinzip, bei dem 3D Scans der Exponate in den Fokus rücken. Somit können die Besucher*innen auch von zu Hause einen Vorgeschmack auf die einzigartigen Materialien und Keramiktechniken bekommen.
Lesesessel im dänischen Stil
(2023)
Bei dem Möbel wurde Wert auf Nachhaltigkeit, Langlebigkeit und zeitloses Design gelegt. Ziel war es, ein Möbel zu entwerfen, welches bequem, minimalistisch und alltagstauglich ist. Der Sessel mit passendem Hocker besteht aus einem Holzgestell mit aufliegenden Polstern. Die Gestelle sind aus Rüsterholz mit handwerklichen Verbindungen gefertigt. Die Polster bestehen aus 10 cm dickem Schaumstoff, bezogen mit einem Chenille Möbelstoff. Durch lösbare Verbindungen und Sitzlatten, die in Austaschungen gesteckt werden, lassen sich die Möbel vom Endkunden leicht selbst aufbauen und ermöglichen einen flachen Versandkarton. Der Sessel lädt zum Entspannen und Lesen ein. Er ist bequem und gewährleistet dadurch ein stundenlanges Nutzen. „HVILE“ ein Ort der Ruhe und Eintritt in eine andere Welt.
By developing innovative solutions to social and environmental problems, sustainable ventures carry greatpotential. Entrepreneurship which focuses especially on new venture creation can be developed through education anduniversities, in particular, are called upon to provide an impetus for social change. But social innovations are associatedwith certain hurdles, which are related to the multi-dimensionality, i.e. the tension between creating social,environmental and economic value and dealing with a multiplicity of stakeholders. The already complex field ofentrepreneurship education has to face these challenges. This paper, therefore, aims to identify starting points for theintegration of sustainability into entrepreneurship education. To pursue this goal experiences from three differentproject initiatives between the partner universities: Lapland University of Applied Sciences, FH Aachen University ofApplied Sciences and Turiba University are reflected and findings are systematically condensed into recommendationsfor education on sustainable entrepreneurship.
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung einer Relativlage zwischen einem feststehenden Teil und einem zu demselben in eine Bewegungsrichtung bewegbaren beweglichen Teil, wobei der feststehende Teil mit einem Wiegandsensor versehen ist, wobei der Wiegandsensor zwischen zwei gegenpolig zueinander ausgebildeten Permanentmagneten angeordnet ist und dass der bewegliche Teil eine Mehrzahl von beabstandet zueinander angeordneten Magnetisierungsstegen aus einem magnetisch leitenden Material aufweist, die in der Bewegungsrichtung zumindest eine gleich große Erstreckung aufweisen wie der Permanentmagnet, dass ein Abstand zwischen benachbarten Magnetisierungsstegen derart gewählt ist, dass in einer ersten Relativlage ein erster Permanentmagnet von einem der Magnetisierungsstege überdeckt ist und ein zweiter Permanentmagnet nicht von einem der Magnetisierungsstege überdeckt ist.
The growing body of political texts opens up new opportunities for rich insights into political dynamics and ideologies but also increases the workload for manual analysis. Automated speaker attribution, which detects who said what to whom in a speech event and is closely related to semantic role labeling, is an important processing step for computational text analysis. We study the potential of the large language model family Llama 2 to automate speaker attribution in German parliamentary debates from 2017-2021. We fine-tune Llama 2 with QLoRA, an efficient training strategy, and observe our approach to achieve competitive performance in the GermEval 2023 Shared Task On Speaker Attribution in German News Articles and Parliamentary Debates. Our results shed light on the capabilities of large language models in automating speaker attribution, revealing a promising avenue for computational analysis of political discourse and the development of semantic role labeling systems.
Several species of (poly)saccharides and organic acids can be found often simultaneously in various biological matrices, e.g., fruits, plant materials, and biological fluids. The analysis of such matrices sometimes represents a challenging task. Using Aloe vera (A. vera) plant materials as an example, the performance of several spectro-scopic methods (80 MHz benchtop NMR, NIR, ATR-FTIR and UV–vis) for the simultaneous analysis of quality parameters of this plant material was compared. The determined parameters include (poly)saccharides such as aloverose, fructose and glucose as well as organic acids (malic, lactic, citric, isocitric, acetic, fumaric, benzoic and sorbic acids). 500 MHz NMR and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used as the reference methods.
UV–vis data can be used only for identification of added preservatives (benzoic and sorbic acids) and drying agent (maltodextrin) and semiquantitative analysis of malic acid. NIR and MIR spectroscopies combined with multivariate regression can deliver more informative overview of A. vera extracts being able to additionally quantify glucose, aloverose, citric, isocitric, malic, lactic acids and fructose. Low-field NMR measurements can be used for the quantification of aloverose, glucose, malic, lactic, acetic, and benzoic acids. The benchtop NMR method was successfully validated in terms of robustness, stability, precision, reproducibility and limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), respectively. All spectroscopic techniques are useful for the screening of (poly)saccharides and organic acids in plant extracts and should be applied according to its availability as well as information and confidence required for the specific analytical goal. Benchtop NMR spectroscopy seems to be the most feasible solution for quality control of A. vera products.
Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), a strong oxidizer, is a commonly used sterilization agent employed during aseptic food processing and medical applications. To assess the sterilization efficiency with H₂O₂, bacterial spores are common microbial systems due to their remarkable robustness against a wide variety of decontamination strategies. Despite their widespread use, there is, however, only little information about the detailed time-resolved mechanism underlying the oxidative spore death by H₂O₂. In this work, we investigate chemical and morphological changes of individual Bacillus atrophaeus spores undergoing oxidative damage using optical sensing with trapping Raman microscopy in real-time. The time-resolved experiments reveal that spore death involves two distinct phases: (i) an initial phase dominated by the fast release of dipicolinic acid (DPA), a major spore biomarker, which indicates the rupture of the spore’s core; and (ii) the oxidation of the remaining spore material resulting in the subsequent fragmentation of the spores’ coat. Simultaneous observation of the spore morphology by optical microscopy corroborates these mechanisms. The dependence of the onset of DPA release and the time constant of spore fragmentation on H₂O₂ shows that the formation of reactive oxygen species from H₂O₂ is the rate-limiting factor of oxidative spore death.