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This paper primarily presents an aerodynamic CFD analysis of a winged spaceplane geometry based on the Japanese Space Walker proposal. StarCCM was used to calculate aerodynamic coefficients for a typical space flight trajectory including super-, trans- and subsonic Mach numbers and two angles of attack. Since the solution of the RANS equations in such supersonic flight regimes is still computationally expensive, inviscid Euler simulations can principally lead to a significant reduction in computational effort. The impact on accuracy of aerodynamic properties is further analysed by comparing both methods for different flight regimes up to a Mach number of 4.
Air-sand heat exchanger
(2011)
Supervised machine learning and deep learning require a large amount of labeled data, which data scientists obtain in a manual, and time-consuming annotation process. To mitigate this challenge, Active Learning (AL) proposes promising data points to annotators they annotate next instead of a subsequent or random sample. This method is supposed to save annotation effort while maintaining model performance.
However, practitioners face many AL strategies for different tasks and need an empirical basis to choose between them. Surveys categorize AL strategies into taxonomies without performance indications. Presentations of novel AL strategies compare the performance to a small subset of strategies. Our contribution addresses the empirical basis by introducing a reproducible active learning evaluation (ALE) framework for the comparative evaluation of AL strategies in NLP.
The framework allows the implementation of AL strategies with low effort and a fair data-driven comparison through defining and tracking experiment parameters (e.g., initial dataset size, number of data points per query step, and the budget). ALE helps practitioners to make more informed decisions, and researchers can focus on developing new, effective AL strategies and deriving best practices for specific use cases. With best practices, practitioners can lower their annotation costs. We present a case study to illustrate how to use the framework.
"Mit dem "1. Erfahrungsaustausch" im Fachbereich Bauingenieurwesen berichten Absolventen des Fachbereichs aus der Praxis. Mit diesem Treffen wird die wichtige Verbindung zwischen Hochschule, ihren Absolventen und der Berufspraxis zum besonderen Anliegen gemacht und besonders gestärkt." Zitat Prof. Dr.- Ing. Hans Boegershausen, Dekan im Grußwort. Referenten und Themen: Wellmann, Judith: Perspektiven eines Bauingenieurs im konstruktiven Ingenieurbau Dirk Gobbele, Dirk: Planung der Umbaumaßnahme Hauptbahnhof Aachen Kretschmann, Lars: Planung und Bauleitung Buschtunnel Aachen Becker, Astrid: Anlagenmanagement und Aufgaben der DB Netz AG, Bauherrenvertretung und Wirtschaftlichkeit Plenz, Michael: Baurevision und Unternehmensberatung, Tätigkeit als öffentlich bestellter und vereidigter Sachverständiger Klöcker, Alexander: Das Leitungsbauunternehmen – Unternehmerische Strategie als Zukunftssicherung Türk, Roman: Sanierung von Hausanschlüssen Bornebusch, Michael: Hydraulische und Hydrologische Modellsimulationen als Planungswerkzeug für Hochwasser-Schutz-Maßnahmen Himmerich, Jörg : Pipeline Integrity Management System – Probabilistische Bewertung von Bauwerken am Beispiel von Hochdruckleitungen.
Inhaltsverzeichnis: Kettern, Jürgen : Grußwort des Dekans Kleiker, Walter : Grußwort des Sektionsleiters Bau des alpha.net Wijnhoven, Ralf : Bauausführung von 14 Brunnenanlagen und 4 km Rohrleitung zur Regelung des Grundwasserstandes und der Vorflut in Voerde-Mehrum. S. 10-11 Ruwisch, Thomas : Spurplanänderung im Bahnhof Düsseldorf-Gerresheim : Wusch, Planung, Planrecht und die Umwelt. S. 12-13. Rickes, Tanja : Bauablaufsteuerung einer Linienbaustelle am Beispiel des Fahrbahnbaus der "HSL-Zuid". S. 14-15. Plum, Andreas : Brandschutzingenieurwesen - Eine Ingenieurdisziplim hat die Akzeptanzschwelle überschritten. Teil 1: Brandsimulationsberechnung. S. 18-19 Flesch, Tobias : Brandschutzingenieurwesen - Eine Ingenieurdisziplin hat die Akzeptanzschwelle überschritten. Teil 2: Tragwerksbemessung im Brandfall. S. 20-21. Müller, Bert : Neubau für die Mediengruppe RTL-Deutschland - High-Tech in dankmalgeschützter Fassade. S. 24-25. Hermens, Gereon : Erhöhung der Akzeptanz von Wasserkraft durch den Bau von Fischaufstiegsanlagen: Umweltschonende Energie für Natur und Klima. S. 26-27 Klitzing, Bastian : Kläranlagenoptimierung : Zukunftsweisende Planungen im Bereich Abwasserreinigung und Energiegewinnung. S. 28-29. Ginster, Marco : Die neue Rheinbrücke Wesel. S. 32-33 Tilke, Hermann ; Wersch, Ralf van : Bauen für einen schnellen Sport. S. 34-35.
Inhaltsverzeichnis: 4 Grußwort des Dekans [Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Kettern] 4 Grußwort des Sektionsleiters "Bau" des alfha.net [Dipl.-Ing. Walter Kleiker] 5 Referenten 10 Referate 10 Die Statik bleibt dynamisch ... : Beispiele der Schwingungsanfälligkeit von Brücken, Türmen und erdbebengefährdeten Gebäuden / Dipl.-Ing. Sebastian Gokus 12 Bau einer Biogasanlage / Dipl.-Ing. Michaela Schneider 16 Die neue Landmarke an der A4 / Dipl.-Ing. Franz-Josef Türck-Hövener 18 Technical Due Diligence Real Estate : Technische Immobilienbewertung zur Vorbereitung einer Immobilientransaktion - Eine Teilanalyse von Chancen und Risiken im Due Diligence Prozess / Dipl.-Ing. Architektin Ebru Baykal M.Eng. 20 Die Deutsche Botschaft Kabul wird saniert / Dipl.-Ing. Stefanie Milde 24 Abfluss- und Strukturverbesserung am Niederrhein : Ein hydraulischer Ansatz zur Vereinbarkeit von Hochwasserschutz und Strukturverbesserung / Dr.-Ing. Gesa Kutschera 26 Um- und Ausbau des Autobahnkreuzes Aachen / Dipl.-Ing. Dirk Gobbelé 30 Textilbewehrter Beton in Großprojekten am Beispiel einer Fußgängerbrücke / Dipl.-Ing. Andre Nacken 32 Kalkulation in der Bauindustrie / Dipl.-Ing. Alexander Spix 34 Phoenix-See Dortmund : Standort für die Zukunft / Dipl,-Ing. Stephan Bendel ; Dipl.-Ing. Sebastian Nyßen 38 alfha.net - Ein Verein stellt sich vor 39 Impressum
Energy-efficient components do not automatically lead to energy-efficient systems. Technical Operations Research (TOR) shifts the focus from the single component to the system as a whole and finds its optimal topology and operating strategy simultaneously. In previous works, we provided a preselected construction kit of suitable components for the algorithm. This approach may give rise to a combinatorial explosion if the preselection cannot be cut down to a reasonable number by human intuition. To reduce the number of discrete decisions, we integrate laws derived from similarity theory into the optimization model. Since the physical characteristics of a production series are similar, it can be described by affinity and scaling laws. Making use of these laws, our construction kit can be modeled more efficiently: Instead of a preselection of components, it now encompasses whole model ranges. This allows us to significantly increase the number of possible set-ups in our model. In this paper, we present how to embed this new formulation into a mixed-integer program and assess the run time via benchmarks. We present our approach on the example of a ventilation system design problem.
An application of a scanning light-addressable potentiometric sensor for label-free DNA detection
(2013)
In this paper, an approach to propulsion system modelling for hybrid-electric general aviation aircraft is presented. Because the focus is on general aviation aircraft, only combinations of electric motors and reciprocating combustion engines are explored. Gas turbine hybrids will not be considered. The level of the component's models is appropriate for the conceptual design stage. They are simple and adaptable, so that a wide range of designs with morphologically different propulsive system architectures can be quickly compared. Modelling strategies for both mass and efficiency of each part of the propulsion system (engine, motor, battery and propeller) will be presented.
Mathematical morphology is a part of image processing that has proven to be fruitful for numerous applications. Two main operations in mathematical morphology are dilation and erosion. These are based on the construction of a supremum or infimum with respect to an order over the tonal range in a certain section of the image. The tonal ordering can easily be realised in grey-scale morphology, and some morphological methods have been proposed for colour morphology. However, all of these have certain limitations.
In this paper we present a novel approach to colour morphology extending upon previous work in the field based on the Loewner order. We propose to consider an approximation of the supremum by means of a log-sum exponentiation introduced by Maslov. We apply this to the embedding of an RGB image in a field of symmetric 2x2 matrices. In this way we obtain nearly isotropic matrices representing colours and the structural advantage of transitivity. In numerical experiments we highlight some remarkable properties of the proposed approach.
Cybersecurity of Industrial Control Systems (ICS) is an important issue, as ICS incidents may have a direct impact on safety of people or the environment. At the same time the awareness and knowledge about cybersecurity, particularly in the context of ICS, is alarmingly low. Industrial honeypots offer a cheap and easy to implement way to raise cybersecurity awareness and to educate ICS staff about typical attack patterns. When integrated in a productive network, industrial honeypots may not only reveal attackers early but may also distract them from the actual important systems of the network. Implementing multiple honeypots as a honeynet, the systems can be used to emulate or simulate a whole Industrial Control System. This paper describes a network of honeypots emulating HTTP, SNMP, S7communication and the Modbus protocol using Conpot, IMUNES and SNAP7. The nodes mimic SIMATIC S7 programmable logic controllers (PLCs) which are widely used across the globe. The deployed honeypots' features will be compared with the features of real SIMATIC S7 PLCs. Furthermore, the honeynet has been made publicly available for ten days and occurring cyberattacks have been analyzed
Industrial field devices exchange information through standardized communication interfaces and data models,
encompassing process data, communication properties, and vendor details. Despite enhancing interoperability within a specific
protocol, integrating these devices with diverse systems poses challenges due to data model fragmentation and custom
interfaces. The absence of a universal semantic model for categorizing field device process data independently of standards
necessitates engineers to repetitively devise custom exchange data models for different sensors and actuators, relying on
standards like OPC-UA. In response, this work proposes an ontology-based architecture to tackle information data model
fragmentation, aiming for seamless data interoperability across a universal interface. By focusing on two open-access field
device standards, IO-Link and CANOpen, we compare their information data models, identify existing limitations, and put
forth a semantic information model. The objective is to offer an interoperable interface for Industry 4.0 applications,
showcasing the potential of an ontology-based approach in streamlining data exchange and reducing heterogeneity among
field devices.
An interdisciplinary view on humane interfaces for digital shadows in the internet of production
(2022)
Digital shadows play a central role for the next generation industrial internet, also known as Internet of Production (IoP). However, prior research has not considered systematically how human actors interact with digital shadows, shaping their potential for success. To address this research gap, we assembled an interdisciplinary team of authors from diverse areas of human-centered research to propose and discuss design and research recommendations for the implementation of industrial user interfaces for digital shadows, as they are currently conceptualized for the IoP. Based on the four use cases of decision support systems, knowledge sharing in global production networks, human-robot collaboration, and monitoring employee workload, we derive recommendations for interface design and enhancing workers’ capabilities. This analysis is extended by introducing requirements from the higher-level perspectives of governance and organization.
An Interstellar – Heliopause mission using a combination of solar/radioisotope electric propulsion
(2011)
There is common agreement within the scientific community that in order to understand our local galactic environment it will be necessary to send a spacecraft into the region beyond the solar wind termination shock. Considering distances of 200 AU for a new mission, one needs a spacecraft travelling at a speed of close to 10 AU/yr in order to keep the mission duration in the range of less than 25 yrs, a transfer time postulated by ESA.Two propulsion options for the mission have been proposed and discussed so far: the solar sail propulsion and the ballistic/radioisotope electric propulsion. As a further alternative, we here investigate a combination of solar-electric propulsion and radioisotope-electric propulsion. The solar-electric propulsion stage consists of six 22 cm diameter “RIT-22”ion thrusters working with a high specific impulse of 7377 s corresponding to a positive grid voltage of 5 kV. Solar power of 53 kW BOM is provided by a light-weight solar array. The REP-stage consists of four space-proven 10 cm diameter “RIT-10” ion thrusters that will be operating one after the other for 9 yrs in total. Four advanced radioisotope generators provide 648 W at BOM. The scientific instrument package is oriented at earlier studies. For its mass and electric power requirement 35 kg and 35 W are assessed, respectively. Optimized trajectory calculations, treated in a separate contribution, are based on our “InTrance” method.The program yields a burn out of the REP stage in a distance of 79.6 AU for a usage of 154 kg of Xe propellant. With a C3 = 45,1 (km/s)2 a heliocentric probe velocity of 10 AU/yr is reached at this distance, provided a close Jupiter gravity assist adds a velocity increment of 2.7 AU/yr. A transfer time of 23.8 yrs results for this scenario requiring about 450 kg Xe for the SEP stage, jettisoned at 3 AU. We interpret the SEP/REP propulsion as a competing alternative to solar sail and ballistic/REP propulsion. Omiting a Jupiter fly-by even allows more launch flexibility, leaving the mission duration in the range of the ESA specification.
Analyse von Lignocellulose mittels dynamischer Differenzkalorimetrie und Infrarot – Spektrometrie
(2015)
In the past, CSP and PV have been seen as competing technologies. Despite massive reductions in the electricity generation costs of CSP plants, PV power generation is - at least during sunshine hours - significantly cheaper. If electricity is required not only during the daytime, but around the clock, CSP with its inherent thermal energy storage gets an advantage in terms of LEC. There are a few examples of projects in which CSP plants and PV plants have been co-located, meaning that they feed into the same grid connection point and ideally optimize their operation strategy to yield an overall benefit. In the past eight years, TSK Flagsol has developed a plant concept, which merges both solar technologies into one highly Integrated CSP-PV-Hybrid (ICPH) power plant. Here, unlike in simply co-located concepts, as analyzed e.g. in [1] – [4], excess PV power that would have to be dumped is used in electric molten salt heaters to increase the storage temperature, improving storage and conversion efficiency. The authors demonstrate the electricity cost sensitivity to subsystem sizing for various market scenarios, and compare the resulting optimized ICPH plants with co-located hybrid plants. Independent of the three feed-in tariffs that have been assumed, the ICPH plant shows an electricity cost advantage of almost 20% while maintaining a high degree of flexibility in power dispatch as it is characteristic for CSP power plants. As all components of such an innovative concept are well proven, the system is ready for commercial market implementation. A first project is already contracted and in early engineering execution.
Analysis Of Base Isolated Liquid Storage Tanks With 3D Fsi-Analysis As Well As Simplified Approaches
(2017)
Tanks are preferably designed, for cost-saving reasons, as circular, cylindrical, thin-walled shells. In case of seismic excitation, these constructions are highly vulnerable to stability failures. An earthquake-resistant design of rigidly supported tanks for high seismic loading demands, however, uneconomic wall thicknesses. A cost-effective alternative can be provided by base isolation systems. In this paper, a simplified seismic design procedure for base isolated tanks is introduced, by appropriately modifying the standard mechanical model for flexible, rigidly supported tanks. The non-linear behavior of conventional base isolation systems becomes an integral part of a proposed simplified process, which enables
the assessment of the reduced hydrodynamic forces acting on the tank walls and the corresponding stress distribution. The impulsive and convective actions of the liquid are taken into account. The validity of this approach is evaluated by
employing a non-linear fluid-structure interaction algorithm of finite element method. Special focus is placed on the boundary conditions imposed from the base isolation and the resulting hydrodynamic pressures. Both horizontal and vertical
component of ground motion are considered in order to study the principal effects of the base isolation on the pressure distribution of the tank walls. The induced rocking effects associated with elastomeric bearings are discussed. The results
manifest that base isolated tanks can be designed for seismic loads by means of the proposed procedure with sufficient accuracy, allowing to dispense with numerically expensive techniques.