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This paper presents a proof of concept for automatically generating and orchestrating active asset administration shells (AAS) with IO-Link. AAS are software-based representations of physical assets that enable interoperability and standardised communication across different industrial systems. IO-Link is a widely adopted communication protocol for sensors and actuators in industrial automation. Our method uses an approach to generate AASs based on the IO-Link device description files. The generated AASs can then be orchestrated to form a distributed system that provides dynamic information about the status and performance of the connected assets. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method through a proof of concept that involves the automatic generation and orchestration of AASs for a fluid processing unit equipped with pressure and flow sensors and a pump. The results show that our approach reduces the time and effort required to create and maintain active AASs.
Industrial field devices exchange information through standardized communication interfaces and data models,
encompassing process data, communication properties, and vendor details. Despite enhancing interoperability within a specific
protocol, integrating these devices with diverse systems poses challenges due to data model fragmentation and custom
interfaces. The absence of a universal semantic model for categorizing field device process data independently of standards
necessitates engineers to repetitively devise custom exchange data models for different sensors and actuators, relying on
standards like OPC-UA. In response, this work proposes an ontology-based architecture to tackle information data model
fragmentation, aiming for seamless data interoperability across a universal interface. By focusing on two open-access field
device standards, IO-Link and CANOpen, we compare their information data models, identify existing limitations, and put
forth a semantic information model. The objective is to offer an interoperable interface for Industry 4.0 applications,
showcasing the potential of an ontology-based approach in streamlining data exchange and reducing heterogeneity among
field devices.
The use of industrial robots allows the precise manipulation of all components necessary for setting up a large-scale particle image velocimetry (PIV) system. The known internal calibration matrix of the cameras in combination with the actual pose of the industrial robots and the calculated transform from the fiducial markers to camera coordinates allow the precise positioning of the individual PIV components according to the measurement demands. In addition, the complete calibration procedure for generating the external camera matrix and the mapping functions for e.g. dewarping the stereo images can be automatically determined without further user interaction and thus the degree of automation can be extended to nearly 100%. This increased degree of automation expands the applications range of PIV systems, in particular for measurement tasks with severe time constraints.
Manufacturing companies are forced to operate in an increasingly volatile and unpredictabl environment. The number of events that can have a potentially critical impact on a production system‘s economic performance have significantly increased. This forces companies to invest considerably more in flexible and robust production systems capable of withstanding a certain amount of change however unable to quantify the benefits in advance. The satisfactory quantification and assessment of these qualities – Flexibility and Robustness –has not been realized yet. This paper discusses commonality between Flexibility and Robustness and offers a new approach to connect changes in the environment with the elements of a production system and thus quantifying its flexibility and robustness.
This paper presents initial findings from aeroelastic studies conducted on a wing-propeller model, aimed at evaluating the impact of aerodynamic interactions on wing flutter mechanisms and overall aeroelastic performance. Utilizing a frequency domain method, the flutter onset within a specified flight speed range is assessed. Mid-fidelity tools with a time domain approach are then used to account for the complex aerodynamic interaction between the propeller and the wing. Specifically, open-source software DUST and MBDyn are leveraged for this purpose. This investigation covers both windmilling and thrusting conditions of the wing-propeller model. During the trim process, adjustments to the collective pitch of the blades are made to ensure consistency across operational points. Time histories are then analyzed to pinpoint flutter onset, and corresponding frequencies and damping ratios are meticulously identified. The results reveal a marginal destabilizing effect of aerodynamic interaction on flutter speed, approximately 5%. Notably, the thrusting condition demonstrates a greater destabilizing influence compared to windmilling. These comprehensive findings enhance the understanding of the aerodynamic behavior of such systems and offer valuable insights for early design predictions and the development of streamlined models for future endeavors.
Sexism in online media comments is a pervasive challenge that often manifests subtly, complicating moderation efforts as interpretations of what constitutes sexism can vary among individuals. We study monolingual and multilingual open-source text embeddings to reliably detect sexism and misogyny in Germanlanguage online comments from an Austrian newspaper. We observed classifiers trained on text embeddings to mimic closely the individual judgements of human annotators. Our method showed robust performance in the GermEval 2024 GerMS-Detect Subtask 1 challenge, achieving an average macro F1 score of 0.597 (4th place, as reported on Codabench). It also accurately predicted the distribution of human annotations in GerMS-Detect Subtask 2, with an average Jensen-Shannon distance of 0.301 (2nd place). The computational efficiency of our approach suggests potential for scalable applications across various languages and linguistic contexts.
Martinella
(2010)
In many instances, freight vehicles exchange load or information with plants that are or will soon be Industry4.0 plants. The Wagon4.0 concept, as developed in close cooperation with e.g. port or mine operations, offers a maximum in railway operational efficiency while providing strong business cases already in the respective plant interaction. The Wagon4.0 consists of main components, a power supply, data network, sensors, actuators and an operating system, the so called WagonOS. The Wagon OS is implemented in a granular, self-sufficient manner, to allow basic features such as WiFi-Mesh and train christening in remote areas without network connection. Furthermore, the granularity of the operating system allows to extend the familiar app concept to freight rail rolling stock, making it possible to use specialised actuators for certain applications, e.g. an electrical parking brake or an auxiliary drive. In order to facilitate migration to the Wagon4.0 for existing fleets, a migration concept featuring five levels of technical adaptation was developed. The present paper investigates the benefits of Wagon4.0-implementations for the particular challenges of heavy haul operations by focusing on train christening, ep-assisted braking, autonomous last mile and traction boost operation as well as improved maintenance schedules
Neue Perspektiven für die Bahn in der Produktions- und Distributionslogistik durch Prozessautomation
(2019)
Deutschland braucht mehr Eisenbahn um CO2-Emissionen aus dem Verkehr zu reduzieren. Sie muss zum Rückgrat aktueller Logistikprozesse, z.B. bei Kaufmannsgütern und E-Commerce, werden. Dies geht nicht ohne neuartige betriebliche Konzepte und eine Transformation des Güterwagens von einem „dummen Stück Stahl“ zu einem modernen Werkzeug der Logistik.
Als „Güterwagen 4.0“ wird ein kommunikativer und kooperativer Güterwagen verstanden, der die Voraussetzung zur Automatisierung aller Prozesse der Zugvorbereitung bereitstellt, sich aber ansonsten vollkommen kompatibel mit heutigen Betriebsverfahren im Hauptlauf präsentiert. Durch Kommunikation zwischen Güterwagen und umgebenden intelligenten Systemen im Sinne eines „Internet der Dinge“ gelingt damit unter Anderem die Realisierung hoch effizienter Gleisanschlussverkehre, die der Güterbahn neue Märkte abseits der klassisch bahn-affinen Verkehre erschließen und letztlich den Wandel zu einer nachhaltigen Gütermobilität fördern.
Architects and civil engineers work together regularly during their professional days and are irreplaceable for each other. This co-operation is sometimes made more difficult by the differences in their disciplinary languages and approaches. Structures are evaluated by architects on the basis of criteria such as spatial impact and usability, while civil engineers analyze them more closely by their bearing and deformation properties, as well as by constructive aspects. This diversity of assessment criteria and approaches is often continued in both academic disciplines in the view on structures.
Within the framework of the Exploratory Teaching Space (ETS), a funding program to improve teaching at RWTH Aachen University and to promote new teaching concepts, a project was carried out jointly by the Junior Professorship of Tool-Culture at the Faculty of Architecture and the Institute of Structural Concrete at the Faculty of Civil Engineering. The aim of the project is to present buildings in such a way that the differences in perception between architects and civil engineers are reduced and the common understanding is promoted.
The project develops a database, which contains a collection of striking buildings from Aachen and the surrounding area. The buildings are categorized according to terms that come from both disciplinary areas. The collection can be freely explored or crossed through learning trails. The medium of film plays a special role in presenting the buildings. The buildings are assigned to different categories of load bearing structures as linear, planar and spatial structures, and further to different types of material, functional programs and spatial characteristics. Since the buildings are located in the direct vicinity of Aachen, they can be visited by the students. This makes them more sensitive to their environment. Intrinsic motivation, as well as implicit learning is encouraged. The paper will provide a detailed report of the project, its implementation, the feedback of the students and the plans for further development.
In the research domain of energy informatics, the importance of open datais rising rapidly. This can be seen as various new public datasets are created andpublished. Unfortunately, in many cases, the data is not available under a permissivelicense corresponding to the FAIR principles, often lacking accessibility or reusability.Furthermore, the source format often differs from the desired data format or does notmeet the demands to be queried in an efficient way. To solve this on a small scale atoolbox for ETL-processes is provided to create a local energy data server with openaccess data from different valuable sources in a structured format. So while the sourcesitself do not fully comply with the FAIR principles, the provided unique toolbox allows foran efficient processing of the data as if the FAIR principles would be met. The energydata server currently includes information of power systems, weather data, networkfrequency data, European energy and gas data for demand and generation and more.However, a solution to the core problem - missing alignment to the FAIR principles - isstill needed for the National Research Data Infrastructure.
Due to the transition to renewable energies, electricity markets need to be made fit for purpose. To enable the comparison of different energy market designs, modeling tools covering market actors and their heterogeneous behavior are needed. Agent-based models are ideally suited for this task. Such models can be used to simulate and analyze changes to market design or market mechanisms and their impact on market dynamics. In this paper, we conduct an evaluation and comparison of two actively developed open-source energy market simulation models. The two models, namely AMIRIS and ASSUME, are both designed to simulate future energy markets using an agent-based approach. The assessment encompasses modelling features and techniques, model performance, as well as a comparison of model results, which can serve as a blueprint for future comparative studies of simulation models. The main comparison dataset includes data of Germany in 2019 and simulates the Day-Ahead market and participating actors as individual agents. Both models are comparable close to the benchmark dataset with a MAE between 5.6 and 6.4 €/MWh while also modeling the actual dispatch realistically.
In recent years, more and more digital startups have been founded and many of them work remotely by applying enterprise collaboration systems (ECS). The study investigates the functional affordances of ECS, particularly Slack, and examines its potential as a virtual office environment for cultural development in digital startups. Through a case study and based on affordance theoretical considerations, the paper explores how ECS facilitates remote collaboration, communication, and socialization within digital startups. The findings comprise material properties of ECS (synchrony and asynchrony communication), functional affordances (virtual office and culture development affordances) as well as its realization (through communication practices, openness, and inter-company accessibility) and are conceptualized as a model for ECS affordances in digital startups.
Explorer CEOs: The effect of CEO career variety on large firms’ relative exploration orientation
(2018)
Prior studies demonstrate that firms need to make smart trade-off decisions between exploration and exploitation activities in order to increase performance. Chief executive officers (CEOs) are principal decision makers of a firm’s strategic posture. In this study, we theorize and empirically examine how relative exploration orientation of large publicly listed firms varies based on the career variety of their CEOs – that is, how diverse the professional experiences of executives were prior to them becoming CEOs. We further argue that the heterogeneity and structure of the top management team moderates the impact of CEO career variety on firms’ relative exploration orientation. Based on multisource secondary data for 318 S&P 500 firms from 2005 to 2015, we find that CEO career variety is positively associated with relative exploration orientation.
Interestingly, CEOs with high career varieties appear to be less effective in pursuing exploration, when they work with highly heterogeneous and structurally interdependent top management teams.
Cure or blessing? The effect of (non-financial) signals on sustainable venture's funding success
(2022)
Within ESA's Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 plan, a mission to explore the Saturnian System, with special emphasis on its two moons Titan and Enceladus, was selected for study, termed TANDEM (Titan and Enceladus Mission). In this paper, we describe an optimized mission design for a TANDEM-derived solar electric propulsion (SEP) mission. We have chosen the SEP mission scenario for the interplanetary transfer of the TANDEM spacecraft because all feasible gravity assist sequences for a chemical transfer between 2015 and 2025 result in long flight times of about nine years. Our SEP system is based on the German RIT ion engine. For our optimized mission design, we have extensively explored the SEP parameter space (specific impulse, thrust level, power level) and have calculated an optimal interplanetary trajectory for each setting. In contrast to the original TANDEM mission concept, which intends to use two launch vehicles and an all-chemical transfer, our SEP mission design requires only a single Ariane 5 ECA launch for the same payload mass. Without gravity assist, it yields a faster and more flexible transfer with a fight time of less than seven years, and an increased payload ratio. Our mission design proves thereby the capability of SEP even for missions into the outer solar system.
Rocket engine test facilities and launch pads are typically equipped with a guide tube. Its purpose is to ensure the controlled and safe routing of the hot exhaust gases. In addition, the guide tube induces a suction that effects the nozzle flow, namely the flow separation during transient start-up and shut-down of the engine. A cold flow subscale nozzle in combination with a set of guide tubes was studied experimentally
to determine the main influencing parameters.