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Können wir Skizzenblätter, die gemischte Systeme von Text und Bildanteilen zeigen, als räumliche und zeitliche Verdichtung von Reflexionsmilieus verstehen? Wie wirkt sich die durch die räumliche Begrenzung des Blatts bedingte gleichzeitige Anwesenheit von Text und Bild aus, welche Wechselwirkungen entfalten sich? Diese Fragenstellungen führen zur Definition der ‚Multidimensionalen Arbeitsblätter‘, die als geeignetes Medium der Analyse von entwerferischen Denkprozessen verstanden werden. Anhand von fünf Beispielen wird beschrieben, wie durch dekompositorische Prozeduren Zeichnungsgenealogien sichtbar gemacht werden können, die intensive Auskunft über Entwurfshandlungen geben.
The FAYMONVILLE case study describes how the family-owned company Faymonville from eastern Belgium has succeeded in becoming one of the leading manufacturers in its sector. The targeted identification of new markets, the focus on relevant customer needs, and a consistent product policy with a coordinated manufacturing concept lay the foundations for success. In this case study, students can learn about how a company can successfully resolve the fundamental contradiction between economic and customized production.
Architecture is a university subject with educational roots in both the technical university and art/specialized architecture schools, yet it lacks a strong research orientation and is focused on professional expertise. This chapter explores the particular role of research within architectural education in general by discussing two different cases for the implementation of undergraduate research in architecture: during the late 1990s and early 2000s at the University of Sheffield, UK, and during the 2010s at RWTH Aachen University, Germany. These examples illustrate the asynchronous beginnings of similar developments, and also contextualize differences in disciplinary habitus and pedagogical approaches between Sheffield, where research impulses stemmed from within the Architectural Humanities, and Aachen with its strong tradition as a technical university.
Producing fresh water from saline water has become one of the most difficult challenges to overcome especially with the high demand and shortage of fresh water. In this context, as part of a collaboration with Germany, the authors propose a design and implementation of a pilot multi-stage solar desalination system (MSD), remotely controlled, at Douar Al Hamri in the rural town of Boughriba in the province of Berkane, Morocco. More specifically, they present their contribution on the remote control and supervision system, which makes the functioning of the MSD system reliable and guarantees the production of drinking water for the population of Douar. The results obtained show that the electronic cards and computer communication software implemented allow the acquisition of all electrical (currents, voltages, powers, yields), thermal (temperatures of each stage), and meteorological (irradiance and ambient temperature), remote control and maintenance (switching on, off, data transfer). By comparing with the literature carried out in the field of solar energy, the authors conclude that the MSD and electronic desalination systems realized during this work represent a contribution in terms of the reliability and durability of providing drinking water in rural and urban areas.
Reducing poverty, protecting the planet, and improving life on earth for everyone are the essential goals of the "2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development"committed by the United Nations (UN). Achieving those goals will require technological innovation as well as their implementation in almost all areas of our business and day-to-day life. This paper proposes a high-level framework that collects and structures different uses cases addressing the goals defined by the UN. Hence, it contributes to the discussion by proposing technical innovations that can be used to achieve those goals. As an example, the goal "Climate Actionïs discussed in detail by describing use cases related to tackling biodiversity loss in order to conservate ecosystems.
We present new numerical results for shape optimization problems of interior Neumann eigenvalues. This field is not well understood from a theoretical standpoint. The existence of shape maximizers is not proven beyond the first two eigenvalues, so we study the problem numerically. We describe a method to compute the eigenvalues for a given shape that combines the boundary element method with an algorithm for nonlinear eigenvalues. As numerical optimization requires many such evaluations, we put a focus on the efficiency of the method and the implemented routine. The method is well suited for parallelization. Using the resulting fast routines and a specialized parametrization of the shapes, we found improved maxima for several eigenvalues.
The method of fundamental solutions is applied to the approximate computation of interior transmission eigenvalues for a special class of inhomogeneous media in two dimensions. We give a short approximation analysis accompanied with numerical results that clearly prove practical convenience of our alternative approach.
Interior transmission eigenvalue problems for the Helmholtz equation play an important role in inverse wave scattering. Some distribution properties of those eigenvalues in the complex plane are reviewed. Further, a new scattering model for the interior transmission eigenvalue problem with mixed boundary conditions is described and an efficient algorithm for computing the interior transmission eigenvalues is proposed. Finally, extensive numerical results for a variety of two-dimensional scatterers are presented to show the validity of the proposed scheme.
In the context of the increasing digitalization, the Internet of Things (IoT) is seen as a technological driver through which completely new business models can emerge in the interaction of different players. Identified key players include traditional industrial companies, municipalities and telecommunications companies. The latter, by providing connectivity, ensure that small devices with tiny batteries can be connected almost anywhere and directly to the Internet. There are already many IoT use cases on the market that provide simplification for end users, such as Philips Hue Tap. In addition to business models based on connectivity, there is great potential for information-driven business models that can support or enhance existing business models. One example is the IoT use case Park and Joy, which uses sensors to connect parking spaces and inform drivers about available parking spaces in real time. Information-driven business models can be based on data generated in IoT use cases. For example, a telecommunications company can add value by deriving more decision-relevant information – called insights – from data that is used to increase decision agility. In addition, insights can be monetized. The monetization of insights can only be sustainable, if careful attention is taken and frameworks are considered. In this chapter, the concept of information-driven business models is explained and illustrated with the concrete use case Park and Joy. In addition, the benefits, risks and framework conditions are discussed.
Kein Bauvorhaben sollte realisiert werden, ohne dass es auf einer vertraglichen Grundlage zwischen Auftraggeber und Auftragnehmer fußt. Diese vertragliche Grundlage zu kennen ist essenziell, um dementsprechend handeln zu können. Denn nur wer seine eigenen Rechte und auch Pflichten kennt, kann sich auf diese berufen.
Baumaschinen
(2024)
Durch die Einführung von Building Information Modeling (BIM) sowohl projektspezifisch als auch in ganze Unternehmungen hat die Baubranche einen weitreichenden Veränderungsprozess angestoßen.
Building Information Modeling kann als eine Methode angesehen werden, um die Informationsasymmetrien zwischen den Projektbeteiligten so gering wie möglich zu halten.
Kalkulation
(2024)
Das Kapitel behandelt die Kosten- und Preisermittlung, die Kostenvorgabe und Kostenkontrolle.
Der Angebotspreis wird aufgeschlüsselt in die Einzelkosten der Teilleistungen, die Baustellengemeinkosten, die Allgemeinen Geschäftskosten und einen Zuschlag für Wagnis und Gewinn. Auf der Basis der Angebotskalkulation werden die Vorgaben für die Kostenkontrolle entwickelt.
Schalung und Gerüste
(2024)
Systemschalungen und Systemgerüste haben den Baustellenbetrieb in vielen Bereichen sehr vereinfacht. Dennoch sind Kenntnisse in diesen Feldern für eine erfolgreiche und effektive Bauleitung unverzichtbar. In diesem Kapitel werden Hinweise und Empfehlungen für die Bemessung und Einsatz von Schalungen, Trag- und Arbeitsgerüsten für den Baustellenbetrieb gegeben.