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A graphene-functionalized carbon fiber electrode was modified with adsorbed polyethylenimine to introduce amino functionalities and then with trigonelline and 4-carboxyphenylboronic acid covalently bound to the amino groups. The trigonelline species containing quarterized pyridine groups produced positive charge on the electrode surface regardless of the pH value, while the phenylboronic acid species were neutral below pH 8 and negatively charged above pH 9 (note that their pKa=8.4). The total charge on the monolayer-modified electrode was positive at the neutral pH and negative at pH > 9. Note that 4-carboxyphenylboronic acid was attached to the electrode surface in molar excess to trigonelline, thus allowing the negative charge to dominate on the electrode surface at basic pH. Negatively charged fluorescent dye-labeled insulin (insulin-FITC) was loaded on the modified electrode surface at pH 7.0 due to its electrostatic attraction to the positively charged interface. The local pH in close vicinity to the electrode surface was increased to ca. 9–10 due to consumption of H+ ions upon electrochemical reduction of oxygen proceeding at the potential of −1.0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) applied on the modified electrode. The process resulted in recharging of the electrode surface to the negative value due to the formation of the negative charge on the phenylboronic acid groups, thus resulting in the electrostatic repulsion of insulin-FITC and stimulating its release from the electrode surface. The insulin release was characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy (using the FITC-labeled insulin), by electrochemical measurements on an iridium oxide, IrOx, electrode and by mass spectrometry. The graphene-functionalized carbon fiber electrode demonstrated significant advantages in the signal-stimulated insulin release comparing with the carbon fiber electrode without the graphene species.
Eigene positive Erfahrungen mit Onlinekursen sowie die geringen Studierendenzahlen in der Präsenzlehre gaben den Anstoß zu einem Experiment mit einem offenen Onlinekurs auf der Plattform Udemy. Die Erfahrungen sowohl bei der Erstellung und als auch im Lehrbetrieb waren positiv und führten zu einer neuen Beschäftigung mit Inhalten und Lernenden, getrieben durch die Anforderungen der Lernplattform.
Einleitung vor § 1297
(2017)
Ein Garten im Weltraum
(2017)
Prior to immobilization of biomolecules or cells onto biosensor surfaces, the surface must be physically or chemically activated for further functionalization. Organosilanes are a versatile option as they facilitate the immobilization through their terminal groups and also display self-assembly. Incorporating hydroxyl groups is one of the important methods for primary immobilization. This can be done, for example, with oxygen plasma treatment. However, this treatment can affect the performance of the biosensors and this effect is not quite well understood for surface functionalization. In this work, the effect of O2 plasma treatment on EIS sensors was investigated by means of electrochemical characterizations: capacitance–voltage (C–V) and constant capacitance (ConCap) measurements. After O2 plasma treatment, the potential of the EIS sensor dramatically shifts to a more negative value. This was successfully reset by using an annealing process.
Doppelte Abfindung für Arbeitnehmer: Abfindung gemäß § 1 a KSchG und Abfindung gemäß Sozialplan
(2017)
The telecommunications industry is currently going through a major transformation. In this context, the enhanced Telecom Operations Map (eTOM) is a domain-specific process reference model that is offered by the industry organization TM Forum. In practice, eTOM is well accepted and confirmed as de facto standard. It provides process definitions and process flows on different levels of detail. This article discusses the reference modeling of eTOM, i.e., the design, the resulting artifact, and its evaluation based on three project cases. The application of eTOM in three projects illustrates the design approach and concrete models on strategic and operational levels. The article follows the Design Science Research (DSR) paradigm. It contributes with concrete design artifacts to the transformational needs of the telecommunications industry and offers lessons-learned from a general DSR perspective.
An array of four independently wired indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes was used for electrochemically stimulated DNA release and activation of DNA-based Identity, AND and XOR logic gates. Single-stranded DNA molecules were loaded on the mixed poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA)/poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) brush covalently attached to the ITO electrodes. The DNA deposition was performed at pH 5.0 when the polymer brush is positively charged due to protonation of tertiary amino groups in PDMAEMA, thus resulting in electrostatic attraction of the negatively charged DNA. By applying electrolysis at −1.0 V(vs. Ag/AgCl reference) electrochemical oxygen reduction resulted in the consumption of hydrogen ions and local pH increase near the electrode surface. The process resulted in recharging the polymer brush to the negative state due to dissociation of carboxylic groups of PMAA, thus repulsing the negatively charged DNA and releasing it from the electrode surface. The DNA release was performed in various combinations from different electrodes in the array assembly. The released DNA operated as input signals for activation of the Boolean logic gates. The developed system represents a step forward in DNA computing, combining for the first time DNA chemical processes with electronic input signals.
Contemporary research appreciates a diverse workforce as a potential source of innovation. Researchers explore the fine details of why diversity management is central for generating innovations in heterogeneous research groups and how it could be effectively implemented into organizations. Complex research associations that discuss topics with a high impact on society increasingly address the necessity of establishing a diverse workforce to confront the challenges of tomorrow. Characterized by complex management structures as well as hierarchies, research associations have not been a subject of investigation until now. For this reason, the presented research project aims to develop a diversity and innovation management strategy with the ultimate goal of inducing change in the corporate culture. The proposed approach consisted of six phases; the first two phases investigated the status quo of diversity in the existing organizational structures of member institutes and the variety of particular working cultures within the research association. The third and the fourth phases utilized qualitative and quantitative studies. The third phase focused on the connection of management level to diversity and innovation, and the need for diversity and innovation management, and tailor-made methods of implementing them. The first three phases have been accomplished successfully; preliminary results are already available. The fourth phase will mainly focus on exploring the mind-set of the employees. The fifth phase will consolidate the findings in the first four phases into an implementable strategy. The final phase will address the implementation of this strategy into the organization. Phases 4 to 6 have not yet been undertaken
Engineers and therefore engineering education are challenged by the increasing complexity of questions to be answered globally. The education of future engineers therefore has to answer with curriculums that build up relevant skills. This chapter will give an example how to bring engineering and social responsibility successful together to build engineers of tomorrow. Through the integration of gender and diversity perspectives, engineering research and teaching is expanded with new perspectives and contents providing an important potential for innovation. Aiming on the enhancement of engineering education with distinctive competencies beyond technical expertise, the teaching approach introduced in the chapter represents key factors to ensure that coming generations of engineers will be able to meet the requirements and challenges a changing globalized world holds for them. The chapter will describe how this approach successfully has been implemented in the curriculum in engineering of a leading technical university in Germany.
Blackout : Wenn bei uns allen das Licht ausgeht
Inhaltsverzeichnis:
06 Wenn im Elfenbeinturm das Licht ausgeht: Zur gesellschaftlichen Verantwortung der Wissenschaft
12 Mekka der Solarforschung: Das Solar-Institut Jülich feiert Jubiläum- und blick nach vorn
16 Hinter den Steinen: FH Aachen und die Stiftung Smart Building entwickeln gemeinsam den neuen Studiengang Smart Building Engineering
18 Die Biogaspioniere: Das Institut NOWUM-Energy sucht neue Perspektiven für die Energieerzeugung
22 Elektrisierend: Studentin entwirft Tapuya-Bühne für Electrisize Festival
24 keep calm and don´t panic
26 Der Markt als Experimentierfeld: Die Wirtschaft wandelt sich - die FH mischt in der Gründerszene mit
30 Mit einem Studium in ein neues Leben: Betreuungskonzept für Geflüchtete an der FH Aachen
32 Spuren im Staub
34 Auf Archimedes´ Spuren: Studierende stechen mit Betonkanus in See
36 "Ich investiere in Menschen": Interview mit Alexander Wilden, Inhaber der schwartz Gruppe mit Hauptsitz in Simmerath
40 Wie im richtigen Leben: 10 Jahre pro8: Rückblick und Ausblick
42 Zwei Kreuze für die Christuskirche: Entwürfe von Architekturstudienden werden umgesetzt
44 Eine gute Ausbildung ist prkatisch: Florian Kessel macht grenzüberschreitende Karriere
46 Er will das Feuer weitergeben: Holzbaupionier Prof. Hermann Blumer lehrt an der FH
50 Aufwind für innovative Lehre: Fünf Projekte im Rahmen des SQSL-Programms ausgezeichnet
51 Der einsame Turm: Kopfnuss
52 Vom Winde verweht: Benedikt Lösch kommt bei der Segelweltmeisterschaft auf Rang 28
54 Wüstensand und fliegende Roboter: Team des MASKOR-Instituts erreicht Finalrunde beim MBZIRC-Wettbewerb
56 Die Rattan-Revolution: Das Start-up "out for space" erfindet den Werkstoff neu
Dimensionen 1-2017 : Magazin der FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences - Struktur und Freiheit
(2017)
Inhalt Dimensionen 01-2017:
6 Struktur und Freiheit : Wie die Digitalisierung die Lehre beeinflusst
12 Wie wir in Zukunft konsumieren : Vom intelligenten Kühlschrank bis zur selbst gedruckten Brille
16 Baby unter Beobachtung : Forscher der FH decken massive Sicherheitsmängel bei Babymonitoringsystem auf
18 "In unserem Auge ist viel los" : Anissa Frank hat sich in ihrer Bachelorarbeit mit dem Phänomenen des kreisrunden Makulaloches beschäftigt
20 #totallove : Was kommt nach dem "Hotel Total"?
24 Das graue Wunder : Dirk Thal, Leon Bockstegers und Erick Regehr sind überzeugt: "Beton kann mehr"
26 Auftrieb : Zwei FH-Innovationen landen beim Luftfahrtkonzern Airbus
30 Ich möchte die Kunst demokratisieren : David Gerards bietet Künstlern mit dem "Poebel" eine Plattform
32 Zwischen Orient und Okzident : Unterwegs in Marokko
38 Einfach genau hinhören und horchen : Interview mit Prof. Dr. Hans-Joachim Blome zum Thema Gravitationswellen
42 Die Entdeckung eines Architekten : Auf den Spuren des Architekten Leonardo da Vinci
46 Über den Dächern von Chicago
48 Eine Prothese aus dem 3D-Drucker : Studierende engagieren sich für ein Projekt, das vielen Menschen in Krisenregionen helfen kann
50 Ist der Tod das Ende unserer Persönlichkeit? Prof. Dr. Walter van Laack ist Experte auf dem Gebiet Nahtoderfahrungen
52 Von Aachen in die ganze Welt : Die Summer Schools sind der Exportschlager der FH Aachen
59 Ein Stipendium zum Geburtstag
60 Keine Chance für Shimmy
58 Kopfnuss
61 Neues Buch über Prof. Rudold Schwarz
62 Silber beim PR-Bild-Award
63 Impressum
A light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) is a field-effect-based potentiometric sensor with an electrolyte/insulator/semiconductor (EIS) structure, which is able to monitor analyte concentrations of (bio-)chemical species in aqueous solutions in a spatially resolved way. Therefore, it is also an appropriate tool to record 2D-chemical images of concentration variations on the sensor surface. In the present work, two differential, LAPS-based measurement principles are introduced to determine the metabolic activity of Escherichia coli (E. coli) K12 and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells as test microorganisms. Hereby, we focus on i) the determination of the extracellular acidification rate (ΔpH/min) after adding glucose solutions to the cell suspensions; and ii) recording the amplitude increase of the photocurrent (Iph) related to the produced acids from E. coli K12 bacteria and CHO cells on the sensor surface by 2D-chemical imaging. For this purpose, 3D-printed multi-chamber structures were developed and mounted on the planar sensor-chip surface to define four independent compartments, enabling differential measurements with varying cell concentrations. The differential concept allows eliminating unwanted drift effects and, with the four-chamber structures, measurements on the different cell concentrations were performed simultaneously, thus reducing also the overall measuring time.
Die Steiff Spielwarenfabrik in Giengen / Brenz : Ein unbekanntes Meisterwerk der frühen Moderne
(2017)
Three amperometric biosensors have been developed for the detection of L-malic acid, fumaric acid, and L -aspartic acid, all based on the combination of a malate-specific dehydrogenase (MDH, EC 1.1.1.37) and diaphorase (DIA, EC 1.8.1.4). The stepwise expansion of the malate platform with the enzymes fumarate hydratase (FH, EC 4.2.1.2) and aspartate ammonia-lyase (ASPA, EC 4.3.1.1) resulted in multi-enzyme reaction cascades and, thus, augmentation of the substrate spectrum of the sensors. Electrochemical measurements were carried out in presence of the cofactor β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and the redox mediator hexacyanoferrate (III) (HCFIII). The amperometric detection is mediated by oxidation of hexacyanoferrate (II) (HCFII) at an applied potential of + 0.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl. For each biosensor, optimum working conditions were defined by adjustment of cofactor concentrations, buffer pH, and immobilization procedure. Under these improved conditions, amperometric responses were linear up to 3.0 mM for L-malate and fumarate, respectively, with a corresponding sensitivity of 0.7 μA mM−1 (L-malate biosensor) and 0.4 μA mM−1 (fumarate biosensor). The L-aspartate detection system displayed a linear range of 1.0–10.0 mM with a sensitivity of 0.09 μA mM−1. The sensor characteristics suggest that the developed platform provides a promising method for the detection and differentiation of the three substrates.
Development and Testing of a Low NOX Micromix Combustion Chamber for an Industrial Gas Turbine
(2017)
The Micromix combustion principle, based on cross-flow mixing of air and hydrogen, promises low emission applications in future gas turbines. The Micromix combustion takes place in several hundreds of miniaturized diffusion-type micro-flames. The major advantage is the inherent safety against flash-back and low NOx-emissions due to a very short residence time of reactants in the flame region. The paper gives insight into the Micromix design and scaling procedure for different energy densities and the interaction of scaling laws and key design drivers in gas turbine integration. Numerical studies, experimental testing, gas turbine integration and interface considerations are evaluated. The aerodynamic stabilization of the miniaturized flamelets and the resulting flow field, flame structure and NOx formation are analysed experimentally and numerically. The results show and confirm the successful adaption of the low NOx Micromix characteristics for a range of different nozzle sizes, energy densities and thermal power output.
The capacitive electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor (EIS) structure is a typical device based on a field-effect sensor platform. With a simple silicon-based structure, EIS have been useful for several sensing applications, especially with incorporation of nanostructured films to modulate the ionic transport and the flat-band potential. In this paper, we report on ion transport and changes in flat-band potential in EIS sensors made with layer-by-layer films containing poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) adsorbed on p-Si/SiO 2 /Ta 2 O 5 chips with an Al ohmic contact. The impedance spectra were fitted using an equivalent circuit model, from which we could determine parameters such as the double-layer capacitance. This capacitance decreased with the number of bilayers owing to space charge accumulated at the electrolyte–insulator interface, up to three PAMAM/SWNTs bilayers, after which it stabilized. The charge-transfer resistance was also minimum for three bilayers, thus indicating that this is the ideal architecture for an optimized EIS performance. The understanding of the influence of nanostructures and the fine control of operation parameters pave the way for optimizing the design and performance of new EIS sensors.
Detection of Adrenaline Based on Bioelectrocatalytical System to Support Tumor Diagnostic Technology
(2017)
Die Frage des Schutzes von virtuellen Identitäten ist – insbesondere bei Online-Medien – von elementarer Bedeutung: Ihre Beantwortung entscheidet über die Anwendbarkeit des Datenschutzrechts auf vermeintlich anonyme Nutzerprofile im Internet. Eine differenzierte Auseinandersetzung mit der Problematik, ob und unter welchen Umständen virtuelle Identitäten dem Datenschutzrecht unterfallen, fehlt bislang. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über den Schutz virtueller Identitäten und zeigt Ansätze auf, mittels derer bestimmt werden kann, wann virtuelle Identitäten nach Inkrafttreten der DSGVO durch das Datenschutzrecht geschützt werden.
Cyber-physical systems are ever more common in manufacturing industries. Increasing their autonomy has been declared an explicit goal, for example, as part of the Industry 4.0 vision. To achieve this system intelligence, principled and software-driven methods are required to analyze sensing data, make goal-directed decisions, and eventually execute and monitor chosen tasks. In this chapter, we present a number of knowledge-based approaches to these problems and case studies with in-depth evaluation results of several different implementations for groups of autonomous mobile robots performing in-house logistics in a smart factory. We focus on knowledge-based systems because besides providing expressive languages and capable reasoning techniques, they also allow for explaining how a particular sequence of actions came about, for example, in the case of a failure.
The integration of biomolecular logic principles with electronic transducers allows designing novel digital biosensors with direct electrical output, logically triggered drug-release, and closed-loop sense/act/treat systems. This opens new opportunities for advanced personalized medicine in the context of theranostics. In the present work, we will discuss selected examples of recent developments in the field of interfacing enzyme logic gates with electrodes and semiconductor field-effect devices. Special attention is given to an enzyme OR/Reset logic gate based on a capacitive field-effect electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor sensor modified with a multi-enzyme membrane. Further examples are a digital adrenaline biosensor based on an AND logic gate with binary YES/NO output and an integrated closed-loop sense/act/treat system comprising an amperometric glucose sensor, a hydrogel actuator, and an insulin (drug) sensor.
Es existieren verschiedenste Arten von Spielen, die versuchen, die Motivation einer Spielsituation in einen ernsten Kontext zu überführen. In diesem Artikel wird der Überbegriff „Competence Developing Games“ definiert und anhand von Beispielen erläutert. Dafür werden Erkennungskriterien vorgestellt, entsprechende Spieltypen erläutert und eine Zuordnung durch-geführt.
The invention pertains to a CellDrum electrode arrangement for measuring mechanical stress, comprising a mechanical holder (1 ) and a non-conductive membrane (4), whereby the membrane (4) is at least partially fixed at its circumference to the mechanical holder (1), keeping it in place when the membrane (4) may bend due to forces acting on the membrane (4), the mechanical holder (1) and the membrane (4) forming a container, whereby the membrane (1) within the container comprises an cell- membrane compound layer or biological material (3) adhered to the deformable membrane 4 which in response to stimulation by an agent may exert mechanical stress to the membrane (4) such that the membrane bending stage changes whereby the container may be filled with an electrolyte, whereby an electric contact (2) is arranged allowing to contact said electrolyte when filled into to the container, whereby within a predefined geometry to the fixing of the membrane (4) an electrode (7) is arranged, whereby the electrode (7) is electrically insulated with respect to the electric contact (2) as well as said electrolyte, whereby mechanical stress due to an agent may be measured as a change in capacitance.
In this paper, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were incorporated in penicillinase-phospholipid Langmuir and Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films to enhance the enzyme catalytic properties. Adsorption of the penicillinase and CNTs at dimyristoylphosphatidic acid (DMPA) monolayers at the air–water interface was investigated by surface pressure–area isotherms, vibrational spectroscopy, and Brewster angle microscopy. The floating monolayers were transferred to solid supports through the LB technique, forming mixed DMPA-CNTs-PEN films, which were investigated by quartz crystal microbalance, vibrational spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Enzyme activity was studied with UV–vis spectroscopy and the feasibility of the supramolecular device nanostructured as ultrathin films were essayed in a capacitive electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor (EIS) sensor device. The presence of CNTs in the enzyme–lipid LB film not only tuned the catalytic activity of penicillinase but also helped conserve its enzyme activity after weeks, showing increased values of activity. Viability as penicillin sensor was demonstrated with capacitance/voltage and constant capacitance measurements, exhibiting regular and distinctive output signals over all concentrations used in this work. These results may be related not only to the nanostructured system provided by the film, but also to the synergism between the compounds on the active layer, leading to a surface morphology that allowed a fast analyte diffusion because of an adequate molecular accommodation, which also preserved the penicillinase activity. This work therefore demonstrates the feasibility of employing LB films composed of lipids, CNTs, and enzymes as EIS devices for biosensing applications.