Refine
Author
- Manfred Staat (180)
- Bernd Dachwald (138)
- Ilya Digel (120)
- Konstantin Kotliar (88)
- Gerhard Artmann (85)
- Aysegül Temiz Artmann (72)
- Kirsten Albracht (59)
- Mehdi Behbahani (40)
- Peter Linder (36)
- Wolfgang Seboldt (27)
- Thanh Ngoc Tran (26)
- Ralf Frotscher (24)
- Alexander Jung (22)
- Kilian Wegmann (19)
- Jan Thimo Grundmann (17)
- Patric Seefeldt (17)
- Peter Kayser (17)
- Aroj Bhattarai (16)
- M. Behr (16)
- Caroline Lange (15)
- Matteo Ceriotti (14)
- Minh Tuan Duong (14)
- Alessandro Peloni (13)
- Christian D. Grimm (13)
- Dariusz Porst (13)
- Peter Spietz (13)
- Gert-Peter Brüggemann (12)
- Ines M. Lanzl (12)
- Jens Biele (12)
- Matthias Gossmann (12)
- Michael Hackl (12)
- Bjoern Braunstein (11)
- Dominik Quantius (11)
- Julia Kowalski (11)
- Jürgen Trzewik (11)
- Ngoc Trinh Tran (11)
- Tom Spröwitz (11)
- W. Seboldt (11)
- Walthard Vilser (11)
- Azhar A. Zhubanova (10)
- Colin R. McInnes (10)
- Etienne Dumont (10)
- Ines Lanzl (10)
- Jürgen Hescheler (10)
- K. Mottaghy (10)
- Kaname Sasaki (10)
- Phu Tinh Pham (10)
- Stefan Sponagel (10)
- Waldemar Bauer (10)
- Benjamin Stäudle (9)
- Christoph Schmaderer (9)
- Dirk Abel (9)
- Elisabet Wejmo (9)
- Jörn Rittweger (9)
- Kay Zerlin (9)
- Malcolm Macdonald (9)
- Michael Ruffer (9)
- Nuraly Akimbekov (9)
- Stephan Ulamec (9)
- Stephanie Lucina Kahmann (9)
- Tra-Mi Ho (9)
- Walid Albanna (9)
- Andreas M. Stadler (8)
- Andreas Ohndorf (8)
- Bong Wie (8)
- Federico Cordero (8)
- Gerrit Alexander Schubert (8)
- Hans Clusmann (8)
- Henner Hanssen (8)
- Johannes Riemann (8)
- Karl-Heinz Schartner (8)
- Maciej Sznajder (8)
- Marco Feldmann (8)
- Matthias Goßmann (8)
- Nicole Schmitz (8)
- Rico Jahnke (8)
- Roy Lichtenheldt (8)
- Sergio Montenegro (8)
- Siebo Reershemius (8)
- Thomas Renger (8)
- Tim Leschinger (8)
- Tobias Mikschl (8)
- Uwe Heemann (8)
- Wolfram Müller (8)
- Andreas Horbach (7)
- Christian Ziach (7)
- Engelbert Plescher (7)
- Eugen Mikulz (7)
- Eylem Kurulgan Demirci (7)
- Giovanni Mengali (7)
- Ivanka Pelivan (7)
- L. Tran (7)
- Lars P. Müller (7)
- Taylan Demirci (7)
- Thomas Abel (7)
- Walter van Laack (7)
- A. A. Zhubanova (6)
- Adamantios Arampatzis (6)
- C. Waluga (6)
- Christian Krause (6)
- Clemens Espe (6)
- Friederike Wolff (6)
- Georg Büldt (6)
- H. Nojima (6)
- Heiko K. Strüder (6)
- Lars Peter Müller (6)
- M. Heitzer (6)
- Melanie Kolditz (6)
- Nhu Huynh Nguyen (6)
- Norbert Toth (6)
- Nuraly S. Akimbekov (6)
- Ralf Boden (6)
- Rasha Bassam (6)
- A. Mai (5)
- A. Ohndorf (5)
- Amelie Werkhausen (5)
- Andre Schieffer (5)
- Aravind Hariharan Raman (5)
- Charlotte Richter (5)
- Christina Maggakis-Kelemen (5)
- David A. Green (5)
- Fabian Göll (5)
- Felix Neumaier (5)
- G. Baroud (5)
- Hans-Jürgen Raatschen (5)
- I. Lanzl (5)
- Irina Savitskaya (5)
- Jan P. Embs (5)
- K. Vonderstein (5)
- Karl-Heinz Gatzweiler (5)
- Lars-Peter Müller (5)
- M. Probst (5)
- Martin Halle (5)
- Mathias Maier (5)
- Maximilian Sanno (5)
- Norbert Tóth (5)
- Oliver J. Quittmann (5)
- R. Kreißig (5)
- Robin Bayer (5)
- Thivaharan Albin (5)
- Timo Grimmer (5)
- Volker Maiwald (5)
- Volker Seifarth (5)
- A. M. Shamshinova (4)
- A. Schmidt-Trucksäss (4)
- Alexander Koncz (4)
- Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss (4)
- Changsheng Xu (4)
- Colin McInnes (4)
- David Herčík (4)
- Duc Khoi Vu (4)
- Edgar Nagel (4)
- Fabian Baader (4)
- G. A. Drozdova (4)
- Gero Francke (4)
- Giulia Viavattene (4)
- Guiseppe Zaccai (4)
- I. M. Lanzl (4)
- Iain Moore (4)
- Irina S. Savitskaya (4)
- Jan-Peter Goldmann (4)
- Jeannette Heiligers (4)
- Julia Attias (4)
- K. Konstantinidis (4)
- M. Pasquali (4)
- M. V. Zaseeva (4)
- Maike Ketelhut (4)
- Marcus Baumann (4)
- N.Sh. Akimbekov (4)
- Nikolaus Feucht (4)
- O. Funke (4)
- O. V. Svetlova (4)
- R. Förstner (4)
- Ralph Kahle (4)
- Roman Günthner (4)
- Seid-Fatima Seidova (4)
- Simon Tardivel (4)
- T. Demirci (4)
- Tobias Weber (4)
- Toni Schneider (4)
- Wlodek Kofman (4)
- Zulkhair Mansurov (4)
- A. A. Kozhalakova (3)
- A. Levers (3)
- A.A. Zhubanova (3)
- Aida Kistaubayeva (3)
- Albert Gollhofer (3)
- Alessandro Fasse (3)
- Alexander Suess (3)
- András Horváth (3)
- Axel J. Knicker (3)
- Azhar Achmet Zhubanova (3)
- Azhar Zhubanova (3)
- B. Bergmann (3)
- Catharina Conzen (3)
- Christian Grimm (3)
- Christine Hauser (3)
- D. Arora (3)
- David Hercik (3)
- Dinara K. Sherelkhan (3)
- Dirk Plettemeier (3)
- Duc-Khoi Vu (3)
- Elena Monti (3)
- Evgeniy Rogachev (3)
- Franz Lura (3)
- G. E. Stavroulakis (3)
- Hakan Oflaz (3)
- Hans-Joachim Blome (3)
- Horst W. Loeb (3)
- I. Carnelli (3)
- I. N. Koshitz (3)
- I.S. Savitskaya (3)
- Jan Niklas Lüke (3)
- Jan Spillner (3)
- Jan-Gerd Meß (3)
- Janice Waldvogel (3)
- Jens Bojsen-Møller (3)
- Jill A. Mikucki (3)
- Joern Rittweger (3)
- Joshua Meskemper (3)
- K. Nishikawa (3)
- K.T. Tastambek (3)
- Kathrin Freyler (3)
- Kiros Karamanidis (3)
- Lars N. Heinke (3)
- Leonel Rios-Reyes (3)
- M. Baumann (3)
- M. Halle (3)
- M. Nicolai (3)
- M. Vasile (3)
- Manfred Leipold (3)
- Marco Narici (3)
- Marek Behr (3)
- Marianne Görlich (3)
- Marion Ortner (3)
- Martin Scaal (3)
- Michael Heitzer (3)
- Michael Helm (3)
- Miriam Weiss (3)
- Mohammed S. Razzaque (3)
- N. Sh. Akimbekov (3)
- Natalia Pogorelova (3)
- Neil J. Cronin (3)
- Niels Fertig (3)
- Nuraly Shardarbekovich Akimbekov (3)
- Olivier R. Seynnes (3)
- Olivier Seynnes (3)
- R. H. Tolba (3)
- R. Tolba (3)
- Ralf Anding (3)
- Ralf Christian Boden (3)
- Ramona Ritzmann (3)
- Ron Noomen (3)
- Ruedeger Reinhard (3)
- Ruth Kirschner-Hermanns (3)
- Sonja Stoelzle-Feix (3)
- Stefan Birgel (3)
- Till Creutz (3)
- Tina Foitschik (3)
- Tobias Unruh (3)
- U. Steinseifer (3)
- Ulrich Steinseifer (3)
- Ulrich Thomas (3)
- Vladimir Arinkin (3)
- Volodymyr Baturkin (3)
- Wayne Smith (3)
- Wolfram F. Neiss (3)
- Yves Rogez (3)
- Z. A. Mansurov (3)
- Z.A. Mansurov (3)
- Zulkhair A. Mansurov (3)
- A. Herique (2)
- A. S. Kistaubayeva (2)
- A. Yeshibaev (2)
- A. Zhubanova (2)
- Aaron Koch (2)
- Adam Hibberd (2)
- Aida Kistaubaeva (2)
- Aida S. Kistaubayeva (2)
- Alain Herique (2)
- Alessandro A. Quatra (2)
- Aletta E. Schutte (2)
- Alexander Abel (2)
- Alexander Hapfelmeier (2)
- Alexander Heinzel (2)
- Alexander Kopp (2)
- Alexander Pogrebnjak (2)
- Andreas Kriechbaumer (2)
- Andreas M. Hein (2)
- Ariane Ingenhag (2)
- Axel Schmutz (2)
- B. Oedekoven (2)
- Bergita Ganse (2)
- Björn Braunstein (2)
- Brendan Burkett (2)
- Britt Schoenrock (2)
- C. Becker (2)
- C. Preiß (2)
- Carsten Wiedemann (2)
- Cecilia Gelfi (2)
- Claudia Muggenthaler (2)
- Claudio Franceschi (2)
- D. H. Shokatayeva (2)
- D. Hercik (2)
- Dan Fries (2)
- Daniel Erni (2)
- Daniel J. Scheeres (2)
- David Kuerten (2)
- Diana Sitnikova (2)
- Dieter Blottner (2)
- Dina Shokatayeva (2)
- Dirk Heinen (2)
- Dirk Plettenmeier (2)
- Dominik Bonin (2)
- Eduard Buess (2)
- Elena Dragicevic (2)
- Emanuela Longa (2)
- Eva Trenz (2)
- Eva-Maria Geenen (2)
- F. N. Makarov (2)
- F. Turquier (2)
- Flutura Hima (2)
- Frank Sohl (2)
- Frank Wappler (2)
- Frederic Schoutetens (2)
- G. Zaccai (2)
- Galina Balakirski (2)
- Georg Northoff (2)
- Georgios Eleftherios Stavroulakis (2)
- Gregory P. Garbe (2)
- Guido Laps (2)
- Gulzhamal Abdieva (2)
- Gözde Dursun (2)
- Gøran Paulsen (2)
- H. Dittus (2)
- H. Fichtner (2)
- H. Lang (2)
- Halil Resmi (2)
- Hans-Christian Gunga (2)
- Hans-Christoph Pape (2)
- Hans-Wilhelm Müller (2)
- Hermann G. Matthies (2)
- Horst Wolfgang Loeb (2)
- Hubertus Hautzel (2)
- Hugo W. Huisman (2)
- Irene Di Giulio (2)
- J. Nam (2)
- J. Trzewik (2)
- Jan-Peter Koch (2)
- Janine Diehl-Schmid (2)
- Jean Schneider (2)
- Jean-Pierre de Vera (2)
- Jerome Defosse (2)
- Joe Zaccai (2)
- Jonas Zingsheim (2)
- Joris Kleinschmidt (2)
- Julia Nacov (2)
- K. Wirtz (2)
- Kai Borchers (2)
- Kai Heinrich (2)
- Karla Eberhardt (2)
- Karya Uysal (2)
- Katharina Mayer (2)
- Kathleen A. Welch (2)
- Katya N. Mileva (2)
- Khoi Duc Vu (2)
- Kuanysh T. Tastambek (2)
- L. Richter (2)
- Laura Pirovano (2)
- Leandi Lammertyn (2)
- Les Johnson (2)
- Lorenza Brocca (2)
- Ludmila Ignatova (2)
- Lukas Streese (2)
- Lutz Richter (2)
- M. Crookshank (2)
- M. Hormes (2)
- M. Leipold (2)
- M. Turaliyeva (2)
- Manasvi Lingam (2)
- Manfred Biselli (2)
- Manh Khuyen Truong (2)
- Manuela Moriggi (2)
- Marcus Hormes (2)
- Maria Hastermann (2)
- Mark Melnykowycz (2)
- Mark Schieren (2)
- Markus Czupalla (2)
- Martin Flück (2)
- Martin Gosau (2)
- Martin Wiesmann (2)
- Massimiliano Vasile (2)
- Matthias Franz (2)
- Matthias Fuest (2)
- Medisa Jabbari (2)
- Merel Vergaaij (2)
- Michael Lange (2)
- Michele Salanova (2)
- Mike Nicolai (2)
- Miriam Capri (2)
- Mohammad Ali (2)
- Murat Topçu (2)
- N. Akimbekov (2)
- N. S. Akimbekov (2)
- Ngoc Tien Dao (2)
- Nicolai Heinze (2)
- Nicole Föckler (2)
- Nicole Teusch (2)
- Niklas Plange (2)
- Nikolaos Perakis (2)
- Nthai E. Ramoshaba (2)
- O. Coronado (2)
- O. Grottke (2)
- O. V. Svetlowa (2)
- P. Wurm (2)
- P.S. Ualyeva (2)
- Paolo Cerretelli (2)
- Peng Shang (2)
- Peng-Fei Yang (2)
- Perizat Ualieva (2)
- Peter Walter (2)
- Philipp Lohmann (2)
- Pierre Kervella (2)
- R. Falk (2)
- Ralf Schäfer (2)
- Renate Hausinger (2)
- Rico Rutkowski (2)
- Robert Kennedy (2)
- Roberto Bottinelli (2)
- Roger Förstner (2)
- Ruksan Cehreli (2)
- Ruth Tabaza (2)
- S. M. Bauer (2)
- S. Tulaczyk (2)
- Sandra Fuest (2)
- Sandra Kammerlohr (2)
- Sarah Schöngarth (2)
- Sebastian Zeller (2)
- Seitkhan Azat (2)
- Severin Ruoss (2)
- Simon Burg (2)
- Sirina Zhantlessova (2)
- Slawek Tulaczyk (2)
- Sonja Schwarz (2)
- Steffen Willwacher (2)
- Suditi Chand (2)
- Susan A. Welch (2)
- Susanne Angermann (2)
- Svetlana Bauer (2)
- Swati Mandekar (2)
- T. Marshall Eubanks (2)
- T. Steffen (2)
- Thomas Finocchiaro (2)
- Thomas Schmitz-Rode (2)
- Thuy Ha Dinh (2)
- Timmo Koy (2)
- Torsten Loop (2)
- Tu Luc Trinh (2)
- U. Klinge (2)
- Ulrich R. M. E. Geppert (2)
- Ute Lindauer (2)
- Uwe Klinge (2)
- V. Novacek (2)
- Valentin Neuhaus (2)
- Valentin Rausch (2)
- Van Tan Giap (2)
- Victoria L. Coverstone (2)
- W. Berry Lyons (2)
- W. Leimena (2)
- W. Vilser (2)
- Wojciech Kowalczyk (2)
- Yvan Fournier (2)
- Z. Mansurov (2)
- Auweter-Kurtz (1)
- A. M. Stadler (1)
- A. Arampatzis (1)
- A. Arndt (1)
- A. Atanasyan (1)
- A. Bocahut (1)
- A. Demircian (1)
- A. Erben (1)
- A. Eshibaev (1)
- A. Figiel-Lange (1)
- A. Hasenau (1)
- A. Hoellig (1)
- A. Ia. Mogilevskiĭ (1)
- A. Kharoubi (1)
- A. Kistaubaeva (1)
- A. Koshkaryev (1)
- A. Laszkovics (1)
- A. Linden (1)
- A. Lintermann (1)
- A. M. Malik (1)
- A. M. Miesse (1)
- A. Nurispahic (1)
- A. P. Panchekha (1)
- A. Peloni (1)
- A. Prescher (1)
- A. Pressler (1)
- A. R. Kerimkulova (1)
- A. Robitzki (1)
- A. Rothermel (1)
- A. S. Kistaubaeva (1)
- A. Saparbekova (1)
- A. Schmidt-Trucksäß (1)
- A. Scholz (1)
- A. Schultz von Dratzig (1)
- A. Sydykova (1)
- A. Szumski (1)
- A. Uspabayeva (1)
- A. V. Shilo (1)
- A. V. Sourjikov (1)
- A. Wiescher (1)
- A. Zhylysbayeva (1)
- A.P. Ermolaev (1)
- A.S. Kistaubayeva (1)
- AA Antonov (1)
- AP Ermolaev (1)
- Aaron D Koch (1)
- Aaron D. Koch (1)
- Aaron Dexter Koch (1)
- Abdieva G. Zhanadilovna (1)
- Abdurrahman Comlekci (1)
- Abigail Holland (1)
- Adel K. Marat (1)
- Afzalunnessa B. Lutfor (1)
- Aharon Wegner (1)
- Aida S. Kistaubaeva (1)
- Ainur Nurpeisova (1)
- Aizhan Talipova (1)
- Alain Hérique (1)
- Alan Hilgers (1)
- Albert Rübben (1)
- Alberto E. Minetti (1)
- Alessandrao A. Quarta (1)
- Alessandro A Quarta (1)
- Alessandro A. Quarta (1)
- Alessandro Quarta (1)
- Alessia Vignoli (1)
- Alexander Ciritsis (1)
- Alexander Maximilian Stadler (1)
- Alexander Süss (1)
- Alexandra Loesch (1)
- Alexey V. Dashevsky (1)
- Alfred Hager (1)
- Ali Kashefi (1)
- Ali Pookhalil (1)
- Ali Saklamaz (1)
- Alina Alibekova (1)
- Alireza Rahimi (1)
- Almagul Kushugulova (1)
- Almagul R. Kerimkulova (1)
- Altynay Sagymbay (1)
- Amanzhol Turlybekuly (1)
- Anabel Martin-Gonzalez (1)
- Anders Henningsen (1)
- Andrea Bruggemann (1)
- Andrea Ribeiro (1)
- Andreas Borggrafe (1)
- Andreas Borggräfe (1)
- Andreas Elsaesser (1)
- Andreas G. Boehm (1)
- Andreas Gierse (1)
- Andreas Harbrecht (1)
- Andreas Läufer (1)
- Andreas Maximilian Stadtler (1)
- Andreas Meyer (1)
- Andreas Peper (1)
- Andreas Prescher (1)
- Andreas Rittweger (1)
- Andreas Schröder (1)
- Andrew J. Ball (1)
- Andrey Bogoyavlenskiy (1)
- Andy Braukhane (1)
- Angela Niedermeyer (1)
- Angi Eibl (1)
- Anja Lena Thiebes (1)
- Anke Höllig (1)
- Anna A. Kiseleva (1)
- Anna Conradi (1)
- Anna Droszez (1)
- Anna Wöhnl (1)
- Anna-Maria Liphardt (1)
- Anne Benninghaus (1)
- Anne Bruecken (1)
- Anne K. Virkki (1)
- Annemarie Wentzel (1)
- Annette Kohler (1)
- Annika Schmitz (1)
- Ansgar Heidecker (1)
- Anthony Lutton (1)
- Antonio Martelo Gomez (1)
- Arjana Davidescu (1)
- Arne Deiseroth (1)
- Arno Trucksaess (1)
- Arun Jayaraman (1)
- Askild V. Larsen (1)
- Atakan Tepecik (1)
- Aurelia Santoro (1)
- Axel Pressler (1)
- Aydin Ghaderi (1)
- Azhar Ahmetovna Zhubanova (1)
- B. Eissfeller (1)
- B. H. Shaimardanova (1)
- B. Heber (1)
- B. M. Doorschodt (1)
- B. M. Kayatekin (1)
- B. Philippen (1)
- B. van Wulfen (1)
- Bei Zhou (1)
- Ben Diedrich (1)
- Benjamin Diedrich (1)
- Benjamin Dietrich (1)
- Benjamin Staeudle (1)
- Berhard Haller (1)
- Bernard Ciritsis (1)
- Bernd Häusler (1)
- Bernd Markert (1)
- Bernhard Brehmer (1)
- Bernhard Ciritsis (1)
- Bernhard D. Ciritsis (1)
- Bernhard Haller (1)
- Bernhard Schmölzer (1)
- Bong Wi (1)
- Brigitte Müller (1)
- Bruno Mücke (1)
- C. Cavdar (1)
- C. Conzen (1)
- C. Durand (1)
- C. Espe (1)
- C. F. Martinez (1)
- C. Hauser (1)
- C. Maggakis-Kelemen (1)
- C. Maña (1)
- C. McGrath (1)
- C. Menzel (1)
- C. Moulinec (1)
- C. O´Heras (1)
- C. O’Heras (1)
- C. P. Lohmann (1)
- C. Schmaderer (1)
- C. Senatore (1)
- C. Sickinger (1)
- C. Thomé (1)
- C. Wallang (1)
- C. Wiebusch (1)
- C. Winkler von Mohrenfels (1)
- C. Zetzsche (1)
- C. [u.a.] Mittermayer (1)
- C. von Dühring (1)
- Canan Coker (1)
- Candan Ozogul (1)
- Cansu Aydin (1)
- Carlien E. Myburgh (1)
- Carlo Reggiani (1)
- Carlos O'Heras (1)
- Carlos O\'Heras (1)
- Carolin Meyer (1)
- Cecile Engrand (1)
- Chaitanya Krishna Mummidisetty (1)
- Chandrasekaran Jayaraman (1)
- Charles Moulinec (1)
- Charlotte Anabell May (1)
- Charlotte Zäske (1)
- Chengrui Pan (1)
- Chris Lohmann (1)
- Chris Patrick Lohmann (1)
- Christel Weiß (1)
- Christian Blume (1)
- Christian Circi (1)
- Christian G. Cornelissen (1)
- Christian Ries (1)
- Christian Sorg (1)
- Christian Waluga (1)
- Christiane K. Kuhl (1)
- Christianne Vant (1)
- Christina Scholz (1)
- Christine Willen (1)
- Christoph Baltschun (1)
- Christoph Bourauel (1)
- Christoph Dalitz (1)
- Christoph Waldmann (1)
- Christopher B. Gardener (1)
- Christopher J. Garvey (1)
- Claudio Flores Martinez (1)
- Claudio Luchinat (1)
- Colin R McInnes (1)
- Cristina Fabbri (1)
- Cristina Morsiani (1)
- D. Blandfort (1)
- D. Buchwald (1)
- D. Chenchik (1)
- D. Eliseev (1)
- D. Ewerhart (1)
- D. G. Bronson (1)
- D. Heinen (1)
- D. K. Kaul (1)
- D. K. Vu (1)
- D. Keller (1)
- D. Lorang (1)
- D. Reber (1)
- D. Schehl (1)
- D. Uglietti (1)
- Daniel Blandford (1)
- Daniel Hänggi (1)
- Daniel J. Scheerers (1)
- Daniel L. Belavy (1)
- Daniel Malinowski (1)
- Daniel Perez-Viana (1)
- Daniel Pérez-Viana (1)
- Daniel Sollinger (1)
- Daniela Billi (1)
- Daniele Colombo (1)
- Daniele Romagnoli (1)
- Danita Muanghong (1)
- Dario Cazzola (1)
- Darius A. Gerlach (1)
- Dariya B. Jussupova (1)
- David Kürten (1)
- David Martin (1)
- David Stadler (1)
- Denis G. Lapitan (1)
- Denis Infanger (1)
- Denis Keller (1)
- Didier Massonett (1)
- Dinara Sherelkhan (1)
- Dirk W. Grijpma (1)
- Dirk Wagner (1)
- Dmitrii A. Rogatkin (1)
- Dmitry Nardin (1)
- Doina Gherghel (1)
- Dominik Steubl (1)
- Dominique Jonas Daab (1)
- E. Borrmann (1)
- E. Fabian (1)
- E. Gill (1)
- E. N. Iomdina (1)
- E. Pettit (1)
- E. Tiede (1)
- Eckhard Schönau (1)
- Ekkehard Kührt (1)
- Elena Bellavista (1)
- Elena N. Iomdina (1)
- Enrico Giampieri (1)
- Erasmia Giannakou (1)
- Erin C. Pettit (1)
- Etienne Michael Schönbach (1)
- Eva B. Voronkova (1)
- Eylem Kurulgan demirci (1)
- F. Bischof (1)
- F. Burger (1)
- F. Natali (1)
- F. Scholz (1)
- F. Schubert (1)
- F. von Rundstedt (1)
- Falko Langenhorst (1)
- Farina Muris (1)
- Felix Stelter (1)
- Flaviane c. F. Venditti (1)
- Fouad Azar (1)
- Frances Westall (1)
- Frank Postberg (1)
- Franz Demmel (1)
- Frauke Foerger (1)
- Frederico Cordero (1)
- Frédéric Foucher (1)
- G. Ameres (1)
- G. Barshtein (1)
- G. Büldt (1)
- G. Dosybayeva (1)
- G. E. Wolf (1)
- G. Elibayeva (1)
- G. Francke (1)
- G. Hertel (1)
- G. J. Garvey (1)
- G. J. Schneider (1)
- G. Jakse (1)
- G. Karakulah (1)
- G. Keck (1)
- G. M. Brügge (1)
- G. Mengali (1)
- G. Zh. Abdieva (1)
- G.A. Schubert (1)
- GL Grigoryan (1)
- Gamal Baroud (1)
- Gaspare Pavei (1)
- Gavin W. Lambert (1)
- Geert W. Schmid-Schönbein (1)
- Georg Gdalewitsch (1)
- Georg H. Möller (1)
- Georg Lorenz (1)
- George G. Savii (1)
- Gerd-Peter Brüggemann (1)
- Gerda Wurpts (1)
- Gerhard Dikta (1)
- Gerhard Garhofer (1)
- Gerhard Wahl (1)
- Gert-Peter Bruggemann (1)
- Gert-Peter brüggemann (1)
- Ghassem Amoabediny (1)
- Giuseppe Zaccai (1)
- Gopal S. P. Madabhushi (1)
- Gopal S.P. Madabhushi (1)
- Gopal Santana Phani Madabhushi (1)
- Gregory Garbe (1)
- Grundmann Jan Thimo (1)
- Gulzhan K. Kaiyrmanova (1)
- Gül Güner (1)
- H. Bäumler (1)
- H. Clusmann (1)
- H. G. Matthies (1)
- H. Gast (1)
- H. Hanssen (1)
- H. Nguyen-Xuan (1)
- H. Niedermeier (1)
- H. Reiners (1)
- H. Resmi (1)
- H. Scheidt (1)
- H. W Loeb (1)
- H. W. Loeb (1)
- Hackl Michael (1)
- Hadi Tabesh (1)
- Hale Akpinar (1)
- Hanna Malyaran (1)
- Hannah Hiecke (1)
- Hans Christian Stubbe (1)
- Hans F. Merk (1)
- Hans Krüger (1)
- Hans Meusemann (1)
- Hans-Jakob Steiger (1)
- Hans-Joachim Weber (1)
- Hans-Peter Simmen (1)
- Harald Kaemmerer (1)
- Haritha Meruvu (1)
- Hartmut Arndt (1)
- Hartmut Korsitzky (1)
- Heinz Peter Janke (1)
- Helmut Ahammer (1)
- Hendrik Hanff (1)
- Hendrik S. Steyn (1)
- Henna Schulze-Steinen (1)
- Henner Hansser (1)
- Henry Strasdeit (1)
- Herrmann Boehnhardt (1)
- Horst Löb (1)
- Hugo Hellard (1)
- Hussam Aldin Hamou (1)
- Hélène Kergoat (1)
- Hülya Akhunlar (1)
- I. Bremer (1)
- I. Emslander (1)
- I. Heschel (1)
- I. Kerroumi (1)
- I. S. Savistkaya (1)
- I. S. Savitskaya (1)
- I. Savistkaya (1)
- I.A. Nivokov (1)
- I.S. Saviskaya (1)
- I.S. Savitkaya (1)
- I.V. Moskalenko (1)
- Ian Carnelli (1)
- Ich Thinh Tran (1)
- Ilina Murgan (1)
- Inci Cansu Aydin (1)
- Inna Kern (1)
- Ipek Seda Firat (1)
- Ipek Seda Fırat (1)
- Ipek Serat Firat (1)
- Irina S. Savitskaja (1)
- Isgard S. Hueck (1)
- Istabrak Hasan (1)
- J. Andermahr (1)
- J. Berdugo (1)
- J. Bojsen-Moller (1)
- J. Borggrefe (1)
- J. C. Juang (1)
- J. Clemens (1)
- J. Duprat (1)
- J. Eschweiler (1)
- J. J. Miau (1)
- J. Jandosov (1)
- J. M. Jandosov (1)
- J. Mikucki (1)
- J. O. Grosse (1)
- J. Unger (1)
- J. Weis (1)
- J. Whiffen (1)
- J. Wu (1)
- J. Zhou-Stache (1)
- J. Zimmermann (1)
- J.A. Mikucki (1)
- J.H. Göbbert (1)
- J.Z. Wu (1)
- Jaap H. van Dieen (1)
- Jakpar Jandosov (1)
- James Cowburn (1)
- Jan Hunker (1)
- Jan L. Hunker (1)
- Jan Niklas Lueke (1)
- Jan Peter Embs (1)
- Jan-Jöran Gehrt (1)
- Jan-Thimo Grundmann (1)
- Jaume M. Canaves (1)
- Javier Carbajo-Lozoya (1)
- Jean-Pierre Bibring (1)
- Jeffrey Hendrikse (1)
- Jens Göttler (1)
- Jens Lutz (1)
- Jens M. Baron (1)
- Jens Malte Baron (1)
- Jens Mojsen-Moeller (1)
- Jessica R. Gierkowski (1)
- Jessica Ricarda Gierkowski (1)
- Jianbo Li (1)
- Jill Mikucki (1)
- Joachim O. Grosse (1)
- Joana Hessel (1)
- Jochen Zange (1)
- Joern Streppel (1)
- Johann Plange (1)
- Johanna C. Clauser (1)
- Johanna Negele (1)
- Johannes Scherr (1)
- John V. Lovasik (1)
- Jonas Böcker (1)
- Jonas Zacher (1)
- Jorge Rios-Martinez (1)
- Josef Priller (1)
- Juan Grundwald (1)
- Jule Heieis (1)
- Julia Falkenstein (1)
- Julia Matschkal (1)
- Jussupova D.B. (1)
- Jörn Spurmann (1)
- K Hderi (1)
- K. A. Welch (1)
- K. H. Spies (1)
- K. Helbing (1)
- K. Kappmeyer (1)
- K. Lakhanova (1)
- K. Lübelsmeyer (1)
- K. Sartayeva (1)
- K. Schill (1)
- K. Schüller (1)
- K. T. Tastambek (1)
- K. Thürmel (1)
- K. Voigt (1)
- K. Wegmann (1)
- K. Wendt (1)
- K.-H. Schartner (1)
- K.-U. Schröder (1)
- Kai Lutz (1)
- Karen Olsson-Francis (1)
- Karolin J. Pauly (1)
- Katharina Besch (1)
- Katharina Blume (1)
- Katharina Schlemmer (1)
- Katharina Seyfried (1)
- Katharine Rossiter (1)
- Kathrin Schopen (1)
- Katja N. Mileva (1)
- Katrin Esefeld (1)
- Kerstin van Gaalen (1)
- Kheng Lim Goh (1)
- Khosrow Mottaghy (1)
- Klau Josef Burkhart (1)
- Klaus Burckhardt (1)
- Klaus Burkhardt (1)
- Konrad Hille (1)
- Konrad Stock (1)
- Konstantin Gugleta (1)
- Konstantin Voigt (1)
- Konstantinos Konstantinidis (1)
- Kristina Adorjan (1)
- Kuanysh Tastambek (1)
- L. A. Zamuraev (1)
- L. Akynova (1)
- L. F. Sukhodub (1)
- L. Gizon (1)
- L. Herbeck (1)
- L. P. Müller (1)
- L. Rapp (1)
- L. Renders (1)
- L. Spies (1)
- L.I. Melnikova (1)
- L.V. Ignatova (1)
- Lambert van Eijck (1)
- Lan Kluwe (1)
- Lars Donath (1)
- Lars Kesseler (1)
- Lars-P. Müller (1)
- Laura A. German (1)
- Laura Borella (1)
- Laura Burns (1)
- Laura German (1)
- Laura K. Krings (1)
- Laura Schunck (1)
- Laurence Vico (1)
- Laurenz Schmitt (1)
- Lenhard Pennig (1)
- Leo Doerr (1)
- Leonardo Tenori (1)
- Leone Malan (1)
- Leonid Kodomskoi (1)
- Leopold Schmetterer (1)
- Lida Mademli (1)
- Lina Jentsch (1)
- Linda Tran (1)
- Lisa Lauts (1)
- Liudmyla B. Sukhodub (1)
- Livio Carzana (1)
- Ludger Keil (1)
- Lukas Gerber (1)
- Lukas de Honde (1)
- Lutz Weber (1)
- Lysan Pfützenreuter (1)
- M Bohner (1)
- M. Akhisaroglu (1)
- M. Ates (1)
- M. Bartsch (1)
- M. Biisenbaev (1)
- M. Bork (1)
- M. C. J. M. Schreinemachers (1)
- M. Ceriotti (1)
- M. Cook (1)
- M. Duranti (1)
- M. Eiden (1)
- M. Feldmann (1)
- M. Fischöder (1)
- M. Friedrich (1)
- M. Fuest (1)
- M. G. Matthies (1)
- M. Gehler (1)
- M. Hackl (1)
- M. Hilchenbach (1)
- M. Krystek (1)
- M. Laumen (1)
- M. M. Maier (1)
- M. Mueller (1)
- M. Reiswich (1)
- M. Rüffer (1)
- M. Sadenova (1)
- M. Sakizli (1)
- M. Schluse (1)
- M. Schwartz (1)
- M. Seiz (1)
- M. Tehei (1)
- M. Topcu (1)
- M. Turalieva (1)
- M. Velli (1)
- M. Weis (1)
- M. Weiss (1)
- M. Wlochal (1)
- M. [u.a.] Shao (1)
- M.-C. Sora (1)
- M.A. Brockmann (1)
- Maciej Lech (1)
- Madina Alexyuk (1)
- Makhmut Biisenbaev (1)
- Malcolm MacDonald (1)
- Malcolm McDonald (1)
- Mandana Hossein Zadeh Attar (1)
- Manghao Zhen (1)
- Manuel A. Reddemann (1)
- Mar Monsonis Nomdedeu (1)
- Marc Hildebrandt (1)
- Marc Leßmann (1)
- Marc S. Boxberg (1)
- Marcel A. Kamp (1)
- Marco Laumen (1)
- Marco Sagliano (1)
- Marco Straubel (1)
- Marco V. Narici (1)
- Marco Vincenzo Narici (1)
- Marcus Gerressen (1)
- Marcus Hallmann (1)
- Mareike Morat (1)
- Mareike Weber (1)
- Marek Mikielewicz (1)
- Maria Conte (1)
- Maria J. Stokes (1)
- Maria Moreno Catala (1)
- Maria Stokes (1)
- Marius Köpf (1)
- Mark Görög (1)
- Mark Hamer (1)
- Mark Schoberer (1)
- Markus P. Schlaich (1)
- Markus Probst (1)
- Markus Schlotterer (1)
- Markus Valter (1)
- Martin B. Warner (1)
- Martin E. Zander (1)
- Martin Hildinger (1)
- Martin Hillebrandt (1)
- Martin Laabs (1)
- Martin Magnusson (1)
- Martin Reiswich (1)
- Martin Rudolph (1)
- Martin Sippel (1)
- Martin Warner (1)
- Martin Zander (1)
- Matteo Cerotti (1)
- Matthias Beckler (1)
- Matthias C. Braunisch (1)
- Matthias Epple (1)
- Matthias Grossmann (1)
- Matthias Klopfer (1)
- Max Engelstädter (1)
- Max J. Scheyerer (1)
- Max Kuhlen (1)
- Max Zinser (1)
- Maxilian von Eynatten (1)
- Maximilian Lenz (1)
- Maximilian von Eynatten (1)
- Maxine Dibué-Adjei (1)
- Meral Sakizli (1)
- Michael E. Price (1)
- Michael Frick (1)
- Michael Jetzschmann (1)
- Michael Marek Koza (1)
- Michael Veldeman (1)
- Michael Wahle (1)
- Michael Weiss (1)
- Michael Wolf (1)
- Michaela Moser (1)
- Mickael Baque (1)
- Mike Barbeck (1)
- Minh Tuán Durong (1)
- Mirko Magliani (1)
- Moldir A. Turaliyeva (1)
- Momin Sami Mohammad Alnemer (1)
- Monica Canepari (1)
- Morena Martucci (1)
- Moritz K. Brockhaus (1)
- Moritz Thielen (1)
- Muammer B. Kayatekin (1)
- Murat Topcu (1)
- Muriel Hollstein (1)
- Mutalieva A.S. (1)
- N. Feucht (1)
- N. Gronloh (1)
- N. H. Nguyen (1)
- N. J. Cronin (1)
- N. Lüsing (1)
- N. Nguyen-Thanh (1)
- N. T. Tran (1)
- N. Uysal (1)
- N.-H. Nguyen (1)
- Nadine Becker (1)
- Nadja Kröger (1)
- Nassir Navab (1)
- Natalia Kozyrovska (1)
- Nathania Suryoputri (1)
- Nazym P. Altynbay (1)
- Nebojsa Jovanovic (1)
- Neil J Cronin (1)
- Nhu Hunyh Nguyen (1)
- Niccolò De Cesare (1)
- Nickos Aggeloussis (1)
- Nico T. Malan (1)
- Nicola A. Maffiuletti (1)
- Nicole Kasischke (1)
- Nils Andreas Kraemer (1)
- Nolan Herssens (1)
- Norbert Kömle (1)
- Nuraly Sh. Akimbekov (1)
- Nusupbaeva G.E. (1)
- O. Pack (1)
- O. R. Seynnes (1)
- Octavian Ciobanu (1)
- Oguz K. Baskurt (1)
- Oleksandr V. Bondar (1)
- Olfa D'Angelo (1)
- Oliver Faude (1)
- Oliver Funke (1)
- Oliver Grottke (1)
- Oliver Schneider (1)
- Olivier R Seynnes (1)
- Osama Seyam (1)
- Osman Yilmaz (1)
- Ozgul Sagol (1)
- Ozlem Yalcin (1)
- P. C. Liewer (1)
- P. Dykta (1)
- P. Gorissen (1)
- P. Groepper (1)
- P. Keschenau (1)
- P. Mertsch (1)
- P. S. Ualieva (1)
- P. von Doetinchem (1)
- P.S. Marrocchesi (1)
- Paolo Crosetto (1)
- Pascal Bowitz (1)
- Patricia Hacker (1)
- Patrick Arndt (1)
- Patrick Wurm (1)
- Paul Dykta (1)
- Paul E. Muckelt (1)
- Paul Muckelt (1)
- Pavel Alexyuk (1)
- Perizat S. Ualieva (1)
- Peter I. Lelkes (1)
- Peter Jeppesen (1)
- Peter Lindner (1)
- Peter Schülke (1)
- Petr V. Luzhnov (1)
- Petra Frings-Meuthen (1)
- Petra Rettberg (1)
- Philip Lazarovici (1)
- Piero Pavan (1)
- Pieter-Paul A. Vergroesen (1)
- Quanqui Li (1)
- R. Abildayeva (1)
- R. Bassam (1)
- R. Benkowski (1)
- R. Buettner (1)
- R. Campen (1)
- R. Chojetzki (1)
- R. F. Wimmer-Schweingruber (1)
- R. Forstner (1)
- R. Hoffmann (1)
- R. Kurz (1)
- R. Kühn (1)
- R. Lehmann (1)
- R. Rossaint (1)
- R. Sadykov (1)
- Radermacher Chloé (1)
- Rafael I. Barraquer (1)
- Rahel Meier (1)
- Ralf Moeller (1)
- Ralf Schmeets (1)
- Ralf Smeets (1)
- Ralph D. Lorenz (1)
- Ralph Michael (1)
- Raluca E. Sofronia (1)
- Raoul-Roman Kühn (1)
- Raphael Lehmann (1)
- Rasha Bassam Abduljabbar (1)
- Rasha ElBashir (1)
- Rashid Amin (1)
- Regina Pohle-Fröhlich (1)
- Reinhard E. Friedrich (1)
- Robert Dalla Pozza (1)
- Robert MacGregor (1)
- Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalo (1)
- Roel Hubert Louis Haeren (1)
- Roelof D. van Wyk (1)
- Roger van Riet (1)
- Rogerio Bastos Craveiro (1)
- Roland von Känel (1)
- Rolf Rossaint (1)
- Roman Ya Kezerashvili (1)
- Ronald Knox (1)
- Rosa de la Torre (1)
- Rudolf Schilling (1)
- Rudolf Vetter (1)
- Rustam Sadykov (1)
- Rüdiger Kopp (1)
- S. Arlt (1)
- S. Azat (1)
- S. Caliskan (1)
- S. D. Parkhomov (1)
- S. Elgeti (1)
- S. Engels (1)
- S. Florquin (1)
- S. G. Turyshev (1)
- S. Hiecker (1)
- S. Jockenhövel (1)
- S. K. Aknazarov (1)
- S. K. Solanki (1)
- S. Lascar (1)
- S. M. Tazhibayeva (1)
- S. Macht (1)
- S. Ober-Blöbaum (1)
- S. P. Magnusson (1)
- S. Rible (1)
- S. Sacquin-Mora (1)
- S. Schael (1)
- S. Stock (1)
- S. Tazhibayeva (1)
- S. Tholen (1)
- S. V. Jansen (1)
- S. Yedgar (1)
- S. Zierke (1)
- S.-F. Seidova (1)
- S.P. Wakely (1)
- Sabine Arlt-Körfer (1)
- Sabine Keutmann (1)
- Sabine Koch (1)
- Sabine Macht (1)
- Sabine Neuss (1)
- Salvador Jiminez German (1)
- Sandi Kaur (1)
- Sandra Rojas-Vega (1)
- Sarah Klein (1)
- Sarah Peglow (1)
- Sebastian Fexer (1)
- Sebastian Jansen (1)
- Sebastian Kalverkamp (1)
- Sebastian Krohn (1)
- Sebastian Ludyga (1)
- Sebastian Meckel (1)
- Sebastian Rible (1)
- Sebastian Ullrich (1)
- Sebastian V. Jansen (1)
- Sefa Kizildag (1)
- Selim Orgul (1)
- Serap C. Micili (1)
- Serdan Alpdogan (1)
- Serdar Alpdogan (1)
- Sergazy Adekenov (1)
- Sergej Sjapic (1)
- Sergey Bulat (1)
- Sergey V. Plotnikov (1)
- Sezer Caliskan (1)
- Shah Eiman Amzar Shah Apandi (1)
- Shenan Hoppe-Ludwig (1)
- Silke Moll-Slodowy (1)
- Silvano Onofri (1)
- Silvio Schröder (1)
- Simon B. Eickhoff (1)
- Slah Drira (1)
- Slava G. Turyshev (1)
- Slawek M. Tulaczyk (1)
- Sonja Beyer (1)
- Sonja Stölzle-Feix (1)
- Sonny Kian Tan (1)
- Stanislas Werfel (1)
- Stefan Krämer (1)
- Stefan Sommer (1)
- Stefani Röseler (1)
- Stefanie Bierbaum (1)
- Stefanie Gürzing (1)
- Stefanie Heinke (1)
- Stefanie Sielemann (1)
- Stefano Mottola (1)
- Stefano Salvioli (1)
- Steffi Colyer (1)
- Stephan Kemmner (1)
- Stephan Siegfried Jahnke (1)
- Stephan Theil (1)
- Stephan Uschok (1)
- Stephanie Kahmann (1)
- Stephen Mellon (1)
- Steve Barry (1)
- Susanna Miettinen (1)
- Susanne Bechtold-Dalla Pozza (1)
- Suvi P. Haimi (1)
- Svetlana Chernigova (1)
- Svetlana M. Bauer (1)
- Sydulla K. Persheyev (1)
- T. Appourchaux (1)
- T. Braunschweig (1)
- T. Bretz (1)
- T. Finni (1)
- T. Frank (1)
- T. Graef (1)
- T. Kaufmann (1)
- T. Kirn (1)
- T. Leschinger (1)
- T. Linde (1)
- T. Neuhann (1)
- T. Nguyen-Thoi (1)
- T. Nickel (1)
- T. Niederstadt (1)
- T. Rabczuk (1)
- T. Reineking (1)
- T. Schervan (1)
- T. Schmitz-Rode (1)
- T. Schuster (1)
- T. Sekii (1)
- T. Weber (1)
- Taher Al Hakim (1)
- Tanja D. Schmidt (1)
- Tarek Assali (1)
- Tatiana V. Kozlova (1)
- Tatsuaki Okada (1)
- Thanh Ngoc Nguyen (1)
- Thomas C. Knott (1)
- Thomas Fenten (1)
- Thomas M. Deserno (1)
- Thomas Pufe (1)
- Thomas Schmitz- Rode (1)
- Thomas Skoczylas (1)
- Thomas Voigtmann (1)
- Thorsten Orlikowsky (1)
- Tim Kaufmann (1)
- Timon Kuchler (1)
- Tjalf Ziemssen (1)
- Tleumbetova N.Zh (1)
- Tobias Hahnen (1)
- Tobias Philip Schmidt (1)
- Tobias Wagner (1)
- Toke Bek (1)
- Torsten Kuhlen (1)
- Torsten W. Kuhlen (1)
- U. Bestmann (1)
- U. Epple (1)
- U. Heemann (1)
- U. Naumann (1)
- Ulf Bestmann (1)
- Ulrich Broj (1)
- Ute Böttger (1)
- Uwe Mittag (1)
- V. A. Stegaev (1)
- V. Baltzopoulos (1)
- V. Drexel (1)
- V. Marinova (1)
- V. Wehlitz (1)
- VP Erichev (1)
- Veronika Kesseler (1)
- Victoria Coverstone (1)
- Vladimir Berezin (1)
- Volha Sjapic (1)
- Volker Bothmer (1)
- Volker Herrmann (1)
- W. Albanna (1)
- W. Finsterle (1)
- W. Hauger (1)
- W. Karpinski (1)
- W. Lämmerzahl (1)
- W. Pennekamp (1)
- W.B. Lyons (1)
- Waldemar Zylka (1)
- Waldmann Christoph (1)
- Walthatd Vilser (1)
- Werner Haugner (1)
- Wilfried Ley (1)
- Wilhelm Bloch (1)
- Wlademar Bauer (1)
- Wolfgang Ritzdorf (1)
- Wolfram Mueller (1)
- Xiaohui Qiao (1)
- Y. Fournier (1)
- Y. Suttmann (1)
- Y. Yenicerioglu (1)
- YV Levitsky (1)
- YV Mazurova (1)
- Yannik Blum (1)
- Yasin Temel (1)
- Yergali Moldakhanov (1)
- Yuen Law (1)
- Yunpei Liang (1)
- Yuriy Sinyavsky (1)
- Yuya Mimasu (1)
- Yvonne Nix (1)
- Z. K. Shaimardanov (1)
- Z. Sercan (1)
- Z. Sisic (1)
- Zenonas Block (1)
- Zh. E. Aimenova (1)
- Zhusipova D. Abaihanovna (1)
- Zubeyde Erbayraktar (1)
- de Vera Jean-Pierre P. (1)
- А. Zhubanova (1)
- А. А. Eshibaev (1)
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (448)
- Conference Proceeding (151)
- Part of a Book (37)
- Doctoral Thesis (20)
- Report (10)
- Book (8)
- Lecture (3)
- Other (3)
- Habilitation (2)
- Patent (2)
- Review (1)
- Talk (1)
Keywords
- Finite-Elemente-Methode (7)
- Limit analysis (6)
- Clusterion (5)
- Shakedown analysis (5)
- solar sail (5)
- Air purification (4)
- Einspielen <Werkstoff> (4)
- Hämoglobin (4)
- Lipopolysaccharide (4)
- Luftreiniger (4)
- Plasmacluster ion technology (4)
- Raumluft (4)
- Sonde (4)
- CellDrum (3)
- Eisschicht (3)
- GOSSAMER-1 (3)
- Kohlenstofffaser (3)
- MASCOT (3)
- Technische Mechanik (3)
- lipopolysaccharides (3)
Institute
- IfB - Institut für Bioengineering (686) (remove)
Nathania Suryoputri
; Aydin Ghaderi
; Peter Linder
; Konstantin Kotliar
; Jens Göttler
; Christian Sorg
; Timo Grimmer
Sonja Stölzle-Feix
; Ulrich Thomas
; Max Engelstädter
; Matthias Goßmann
; Peter Linder
; Manfred Staat
; Aravind Hariharan Raman
; Alexander Jung
; Niels Fertig
Benjamin Stäudle
; Olivier Seynnes
; Guido Laps
; Fabian Göll
; Gert-Peter Brüggemann
; Kirsten Albracht
Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) patients have persistent functional deficits in the triceps surae muscle–tendon unit (MTU). The complex remodeling of the MTU accompanying these deficits remains poorly understood. The purpose of the present study was to associate in vivo and in silico data to investigate the relations between changes inMTU properties and strength deficits inATR patients. Methods: Elevenmale subjects who had undergone surgical repair of complete unilateral ATR were examined 4.6 ± 2.0 (mean ± SD) yr after rupture. Gastrocnemius medialis (GM) tendon stiffness, morphology, and muscle architecture were determined using ultrasonography. The force–length relation of the plantar flexor muscles was assessed at five ankle joint angles. In addition, simulations (OpenSim) of the GM MTU force–length properties were performed with various iterations of MTU properties found between the unaffected and the affected side. Results: The affected side of the patients displayed a longer, larger, and stiffer GM tendon (13% ± 10%, 105% ± 28%, and 54% ± 24%, respectively) compared with the unaffected side. The GM muscle fascicles of the affected side were shorter (32% ± 12%) and with greater pennation angles (31% ± 26%). A mean deficit in plantarflexion moment of 31% ± 10% was measured. Simulations indicate that pairing an intact muscle with a longer tendon shifts the optimal angular range of peak force outside physiological angular ranges, whereas the shorter muscle fascicles and tendon stiffening seen in the affected side decrease this shift, albeit incompletely. Conclusions: These results suggest that the substantial changes in MTU properties found in ATR patients may partly result from compensatory remodeling, although this process appears insufficient to fully restore muscle function.
Altered gastrocnemius contractile behavior in former achilles tendon rupture patients during walking
(2022)
Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) remains associated with functional limitations years after injury. Architectural remodeling of the gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscle is typically observed in the affected leg and may compensate force deficits caused by a longer tendon. Yet patients seem to retain functional limitations during—low-force—walking gait. To explore the potential limits imposed by the remodeled GM muscle-tendon unit (MTU) on walking gait, we examined the contractile behavior of muscle fascicles during the stance phase. In a cross-sectional design, we studied nine former patients (males; age: 45 ± 9 years; height: 180 ± 7 cm; weight: 83 ± 6 kg) with a history of complete unilateral ATR, approximately 4 years post-surgery. Using ultrasonography, GM tendon morphology, muscle architecture at rest, and fascicular behavior were assessed during walking at 1.5 m⋅s–1 on a treadmill. Walking patterns were recorded with a motion capture system. The unaffected leg served as control. Lower limbs kinematics were largely similar between legs during walking. Typical features of ATR-related MTU remodeling were observed during the stance sub-phases corresponding to series elastic element (SEE) lengthening (energy storage) and SEE shortening (energy release), with shorter GM fascicles (36 and 36%, respectively) and greater pennation angles (8° and 12°, respectively). However, relative to the optimal fascicle length for force production, fascicles operated at comparable length in both legs. Similarly, when expressed relative to optimal fascicle length, fascicle contraction velocity was not different between sides, except at the time-point of peak series elastic element (SEE) length, where it was 39 ± 49% lower in the affected leg. Concomitantly, fascicles rotation during contraction was greater in the affected leg during the whole stance-phase, and architectural gear ratios (AGR) was larger during SEE lengthening. Under the present testing conditions, former ATR patients had recovered a relatively symmetrical walking gait pattern. Differences in seen AGR seem to accommodate the profound changes in MTU architecture, limiting the required fascicle shortening velocity. Overall, the contractile behavior of the GM fascicles does not restrict length- or velocity-dependent force potentials during this locomotor task.