Refine
Author
- Michael Josef Schöning (603)
- Manfred Staat (217)
- Arshak Poghossian (205)
- Mattea Müller-Veggian (167)
- Ilya Digel (117)
- Gerhard Artmann (113)
- Torsten Wagner (103)
- H. Lüth (92)
- Konstantin Kotliar (91)
- Walter van Laack (76)
- Aysegül Temiz Artmann (74)
- R. M. Lieder (74)
- H. Beuscher (63)
- Karl Ziemons (63)
- Kirsten Albracht (59)
- T. Yoshinobu (52)
- Tatsuo Yoshinobu (51)
- Patrick Wagner (50)
- Michael Keusgen (48)
- Bodo Kraft (46)
- Matthias Bäcker (44)
- Walter Hillen (44)
- Y. Gono (41)
- Mehdi Behbahani (39)
- Stephan Bialonski (39)
- Johannes Grotendorst (38)
- Stefan Sponagel (38)
- Maryam H. Abouzar (36)
- P. Kordos (36)
- Peter Linder (35)
- Frederik Werner (34)
- Horst Schäfer (32)
- Gerhard Dikta (31)
- Ulrich M. Engelmann (30)
- D. R. Haenni (29)
- Hans-Joachim Weber (29)
- Ko-ichiro Miyamoto (29)
- Martin Reißel (29)
- Werner Stulpe (29)
- J. Schubert (28)
- Joachim P. Kloock (28)
- Thanh Ngoc Tran (26)
- Volker Sander (26)
- H. Iwasaki (25)
- Hugo Grüters (25)
- M. Thust (25)
- P. Wagner (25)
- Patrick Kirchner (25)
- B. Bochev (24)
- P. Schroth (24)
- Manfred Biselli (23)
- W. Zander (23)
- Alexander Jung (22)
- Ralf Frotscher (22)
- S. Schütz (22)
- Denise Molinnus (21)
- M. Keusgen (21)
- M. Streun (21)
- Daniel Gaigall (20)
- Jan Oberländer (20)
- Thorsten Selmer (20)
- A. Neskakis (19)
- Y. G. Vlasov (19)
- Hans E. Hummel (18)
- Kilian Wegmann (18)
- Klaus Lehnertz (18)
- Thomas Bronder (18)
- J. W. Schultze (17)
- M. Heitzer (17)
- Sebastian Schusser (17)
- Albert Zündorf (16)
- Aroj Bhattarai (16)
- H. Halling (16)
- H. Larue (16)
- Heiko Iken (16)
- J. Wang (16)
- M. Behr (16)
- Niko Näther (16)
- Peter Kayser (16)
- Y. Mourzina (16)
- A. Steffen (15)
- Christina Huck (15)
- Dariusz Porst (15)
- J. P. Didelez (14)
- Minh Tuan Duong (14)
- B. Weißbecker (13)
- Ines M. Lanzl (13)
- Matthias Grajewski (13)
- S. Ingebrandt (13)
- Steffen Reisert (13)
- A. Legin (12)
- Bjoern Braunstein (12)
- Evgeny Katz (12)
- G. Brandenburg (12)
- Jürgen Trzewik (12)
- O. Glück (12)
- Y. Ermelenko (12)
- Y. G. Mourzina (12)
- A. Offenhäusser (11)
- A. Simonis (11)
- C. Parl (11)
- Christof Schelthoff (11)
- Chunsheng Wu (11)
- Gert-Peter Brüggemann (11)
- H. Emons (11)
- Marcel Leinhos (11)
- Marcus Baumann (11)
- Matthias Gossmann (11)
- Michael Hackl (11)
- Ngoc Trinh Tran (11)
- Stefan Achtsnicht (11)
- Stefan Beging (11)
- Walthard Vilser (11)
- Y. Vlasov (11)
- Andreas Offenhäusser (10)
- Azhar A. Zhubanova (10)
- Benjamin Stäudle (10)
- Hans-Joachim Krause (10)
- Ines Lanzl (10)
- Jürgen Hescheler (10)
- K. Haenen (10)
- K. Mottaghy (10)
- Michael Heitzer (10)
- Petra Siegert (10)
- Phu Tinh Pham (10)
- Siegfried Pawelke (10)
- Christoph Schmaderer (9)
- Dirk Abel (9)
- G. Buß (9)
- H. Ecken (9)
- Heiko Spelthahn (9)
- Jürgen Schubert (9)
- K. Furuichi (9)
- K. Miyamoto (9)
- Kay Zerlin (9)
- Martin Baumann (9)
- Nuraly Akimbekov (9)
- Oliver Schmidts (9)
- Peter Friedrich (9)
- R. Otto (9)
- Stephanie Lucina Kahmann (9)
- T. Morek (9)
- W. Dehnhardt (9)
- Walid Albanna (9)
- Werner Zang (9)
- Zaid B. Jildeh (9)
- A. Refisch (8)
- Andreas M. Stadler (8)
- Andreas Terstegge (8)
- David Rolka (8)
- E. Zimmermann (8)
- G. Schmitt (8)
- Gerrit Alexander Schubert (8)
- H. Herzog (8)
- Hans Clusmann (8)
- Henner Hanssen (8)
- Johanna Pilas (8)
- Jörg Berger (8)
- Jörn Rittweger (8)
- Marc Schreiber (8)
- Melanie Jablonski (8)
- Osvaldo N. Jr. Oliveira (8)
- P. Colautti (8)
- Patrick H. Wagner (8)
- S. Weber (8)
- Uwe Heemann (8)
- W. Moritz (8)
- Wolfram Müller (8)
- A. Mulchandani (7)
- Andreas Horbach (7)
- Bernd Dachwald (7)
- Christina Wege (7)
- D.-T. Knobbe (7)
- Eylem Kurulgan Demirci (7)
- F. Faßbender (7)
- H. Lustfeld (7)
- Hans-Josef Ackermann (7)
- Ioana Slabu (7)
- Karl-Heinz Gatzweiler (7)
- L. Tran (7)
- M. Khodaverdi (7)
- M. Koudelka-Hep (7)
- Manfred Nagl (7)
- Matthias Goßmann (7)
- O. A. Williams (7)
- Philipp Kohl (7)
- Taylan Demirci (7)
- Thomas Abel (7)
- Thomas Schnitzler (7)
- Tim Leschinger (7)
- W. Schmitt (7)
- A Neskakis (6)
- A. A. Zhubanova (6)
- Adamantios Arampatzis (6)
- Andreas Schneider (6)
- B. Steffen (6)
- C. Waluga (6)
- Charlotte Richter (6)
- Christian E. Elger (6)
- Claudia Koch (6)
- Desiree Röhlen (6)
- F. Unglauben (6)
- Fabian Göll (6)
- Georg Büldt (6)
- H. Henkel (6)
- H. Nojima (6)
- Hans Lüth (6)
- Hans-Jürgen Raatschen (6)
- Hartmut Henkel (6)
- Heiko K. Strüder (6)
- J. Ballmann (6)
- Johannes Bongaerts (6)
- Julio Arreola (6)
- L. De Nardo (6)
- Lars Breuer (6)
- Lars P. Müller (6)
- Ludwig Baringhaus (6)
- Melanie Kolditz (6)
- Nhu Huynh Nguyen (6)
- Niklas Grieger (6)
- O. V. Svetlova (6)
- P. Friedrich (6)
- Rasha Bassam (6)
- Shahriar Dantism (6)
- Shoko Takenaga (6)
- Stefan Vögele (6)
- Sven Ingebrandt (6)
- T. Kutsarova (6)
- Thomas Schmitz-Rode (6)
- U. Pietrzyk (6)
- V. V. Buniatyan (6)
- A. Bratov (5)
- A. Mai (5)
- A. V. Legin (5)
- Alexander Kopp (5)
- Andre Schieffer (5)
- Antoine Simons (5)
- Aravind Hariharan Raman (5)
- Christian Wandrey (5)
- Christina Maggakis-Kelemen (5)
- Daniel Retkowitz (5)
- David A. Green (5)
- Dirk Rübbelke (5)
- E. Auffray (5)
- Evamaria Stütz (5)
- F. Finger (5)
- Felix Neumaier (5)
- G. Baroud (5)
- Günter Graf (5)
- H. H. Mende (5)
- H. Spelthahn (5)
- Hans Herzog (5)
- Heinz Groß (5)
- I. Lanzl (5)
- Jan P. Embs (5)
- José R. Jr. Siqueira (5)
- K. Vonderstein (5)
- Ko-Ichiro Miyamoto (5)
- Lars Klöser (5)
- Lars Peter Müller (5)
- Lars-Peter Müller (5)
- Lukas Muschallik (5)
- M. Baumann (5)
- M. Jünger (5)
- M. Probst (5)
- M. Turek (5)
- Marie-Therese Horstmann (5)
- Martin Halle (5)
- Mathias Maier (5)
- Maximilian Fleischer (5)
- Nuraly S. Akimbekov (5)
- Oliver J. Quittmann (5)
- P. Bruyndonckx (5)
- P. Christiaens (5)
- R. Kreißig (5)
- Radoslav Kaminsky (5)
- Ronald Thoelen (5)
- S. J. Mills (5)
- S. Scholl (5)
- Stephan Kallweit (5)
- Theodor Doll (5)
- Thivaharan Albin (5)
- Thomas Mang (5)
- Timo Grimmer (5)
- Ulrich Bohrn (5)
- Ulrich Steinseifer (5)
- Valtencir Zucolotto (5)
- W. F. Davidson (5)
- Willi Zander (5)
- Y. Han (5)
- A. Belloum (4)
- A. M. Shamshinova (4)
- A. Schaub (4)
- A. Schmidt-Trucksäss (4)
- A. Schneider (4)
- Adam Belloum (4)
- Alain Roy (4)
- Albert Gollhofer (4)
- Amelie Werkhausen (4)
- Anlan Li (4)
- Anton Greeff (4)
- Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss (4)
- B. Hüllenkremer (4)
- Bernd Schröder (4)
- C. Mayer-Böricke (4)
- C. Rao (4)
- Christian Geier (4)
- Christoph Born (4)
- Duc Khoi Vu (4)
- E. Becker (4)
- E. Stütz (4)
- Edgar Nagel (4)
- F. Ronkel (4)
- Felix Fischer (4)
- G. A. Drozdova (4)
- H. Gueven (4)
- H. Lampey (4)
- H. Schmid-Schönbein (4)
- Hanno Geissler (4)
- Hans-W. Müller-Gärtner (4)
- Holger Kantz (4)
- I. M. Lanzl (4)
- Irina S. Savitskaya (4)
- J. A. Hirschfeld (4)
- J. Berger (4)
- J. Kolstad (4)
- J. Platen (4)
- J. S. Mills (4)
- J.W. Schultze (4)
- Jan-Peter Goldmann (4)
- Joshua Meskemper (4)
- Julia Attias (4)
- Justus T. C. Schwabedal (4)
- K. Block (4)
- K.-E. Hellwig (4)
- Karl-J. Langen (4)
- Ken Haenen (4)
- L. Beckers (4)
- L. Michiels (4)
- M. Fleischer (4)
- M. Krischer (4)
- M. Pasquali (4)
- M. V. Zaseeva (4)
- Maike Ketelhut (4)
- Marion Thust (4)
- Markus Raue (4)
- Matthäus Staniek (4)
- Maximilian Sanno (4)
- Michael Gerhards (4)
- Monika Turek (4)
- N. Bijnens (4)
- N.Sh. Akimbekov (4)
- Nikolaus Feucht (4)
- O. Funke (4)
- O. K. Baskurt (4)
- Paulo V. Morais (4)
- R. Krause (4)
- Ramona Ritzmann (4)
- Robin Bayer (4)
- Roman Günthner (4)
- Rüdiger Emmerich (4)
- S. Skorupa (4)
- Seid-Fatima Seidova (4)
- Shin`ichiro Kanoh (4)
- Simone Groebel (4)
- Stefan Turek (4)
- T. Albrecht (4)
- T. Demirci (4)
- Tobias Bornheim (4)
- Tobias Weber (4)
- Toni Schneider (4)
- Tony C. Scott (4)
- U. Akbay (4)
- U. Bohrn (4)
- U. Schiebel (4)
- Vahe V. Buniatyan (4)
- Zulkhair Mansurov (4)
- Ü. Malkoc (4)
- [u.a.] (3)
- A. A. Kozhalakova (3)
- A. Cherstvy (3)
- A. Kless (3)
- A. Kurowski (3)
- A. Muck (3)
- A. Otto (3)
- A. Riemer (3)
- A.A. Zhubanova (3)
- Adnane Abdelghani (3)
- Ahmed Shalaby (3)
- Aleksander Drinic (3)
- Alessandro Fasse (3)
- Alexander Bromm (3)
- Alexander Suess (3)
- Andreas Kleefeld (3)
- András Horváth (3)
- André Büsgen (3)
- Arnold Förster (3)
- Ashok Mulchandani (3)
- Axel J. Knicker (3)
- Azhar Achmet Zhubanova (3)
- Azhar Zhubanova (3)
- B. Bergmann (3)
- B. Seleznev (3)
- B. van Grinsven (3)
- Björn Braunstein (3)
- C. H. Müller (3)
- C. Kelemen (3)
- C. Schmidt (3)
- Carolyn Shasha (3)
- Catharina Conzen (3)
- Christian Schmidt (3)
- Christine Hauser (3)
- Christoph Krumbe (3)
- D. (u.a.) Hommel (3)
- D. Arora (3)
- Dieter Krug (3)
- Duc-Khoi Vu (3)
- Elena Monti (3)
- Engelbert Plescher (3)
- Eva Miriam Buhl (3)
- Evgeniy Rogachev (3)
- F. Gerschütz (3)
- Farnoosh Vahidpour (3)
- Florian Maurer (3)
- Friederike Kramer (3)
- G. Bitsch (3)
- G. E. Stavroulakis (3)
- Gerhard Lauterbach (3)
- Guiseppe Zaccai (3)
- Gunnar Rysstad (3)
- H. Geissler (3)
- H. Horn (3)
- H. Kleines (3)
- H. Lang (3)
- H. R. Casser (3)
- H. W. Müller-Gärtner (3)
- H. Willms (3)
- Hakan Oflaz (3)
- Holger S. Willenberg (3)
- I. N. Koshitz (3)
- I. Slabu (3)
- I.S. Savitskaya (3)
- Irina Savitskaya (3)
- J. Trzewik (3)
- Jan Niklas Lüke (3)
- Jan Spillner (3)
- Janice Waldvogel (3)
- Jenny Gun (3)
- Jens Bojsen-Møller (3)
- Joern Rittweger (3)
- Jose R. Siqueira (3)
- Joseph Wang (3)
- Jürgen Dornseiffer (3)
- K. Nishikawa (3)
- K. Wirtz (3)
- K. Zwoll (3)
- K.T. Tastambek (3)
- Kathrin Freyler (3)
- Kazuaki Sawada (3)
- Kevin Alexander Janus (3)
- Khosro Hekmat (3)
- Kiros Karamanidis (3)
- Kosuke Seki (3)
- L. Berndsen (3)
- L. Dürselen (3)
- L. E. Feinendegen (3)
- L. Worschech (3)
- Lars N. Heinke (3)
- Lia Moreno (3)
- Luisa Wendeler (3)
- M. A. J. Mariscotti (3)
- M. Ameloot (3)
- M. Arzdorf (3)
- M. Crott (3)
- M. Gerhards (3)
- M. Halle (3)
- M. Jacobs (3)
- M. Nicolai (3)
- M. S. Murib (3)
- Marco Feldmann (3)
- Marco Narici (3)
- Marcos Pita (3)
- Marek Behr (3)
- Maria Gamella (3)
- Marion Ortner (3)
- Marius Köpf (3)
- Markus Fidler (3)
- Martin Scaal (3)
- Martina Pohl (3)
- Matthias Singer (3)
- Melina Krämer (3)
- Michael Helm (3)
- Miriam Weiss (3)
- Mohammed S. Razzaque (3)
- Monique Aubert-Frécon (3)
- N. Sh. Akimbekov (3)
- Natalia Pogorelova (3)
- Niels Fertig (3)
- Nuraly Shardarbekovich Akimbekov (3)
- Olivier Seynnes (3)
- P. Mulchandani (3)
- P. Taras (3)
- Patrick Gustav Blaneck (3)
- Paul L. Butzer (3)
- Peter Krüger (3)
- Priti Mulchandani (3)
- R. Engels (3)
- R. H. Tolba (3)
- R. Reinartz (3)
- R. Thoelen (3)
- R. Tolba (3)
- Rainer Simonis (3)
- Ralf Anding (3)
- Rene Welden (3)
- Ruth Kirschner-Hermanns (3)
- S. Krause (3)
- S. Levichev (3)
- S. Mesters (3)
- S. Tavernier (3)
- Sabrina Scheja (3)
- Sonja Stoelzle-Feix (3)
- Stefan Birgel (3)
- Stefan Weber (3)
- T. Doll (3)
- T. Krings (3)
- T. Lehmann (3)
- T. Schmitz-Rode (3)
- T. Zaengel (3)
- Thomas Heer (3)
- Till Creutz (3)
- Tina Foitschik (3)
- Tobias Wagner (3)
- U. Steinseifer (3)
- Ulrich Simon (3)
- Ulrich Thomas (3)
- Uwe Pietrzyk (3)
- V. Auger (3)
- V. Buniatyan (3)
- V. Cesari (3)
- V. Conte (3)
- Vladimir Arinkin (3)
- Volker Seifarth (3)
- W. Chen (3)
- W. Heiden (3)
- W. Ossau (3)
- W. Porschen (3)
- Waldemar Wachowitz (3)
- Ward de Ceuninck (3)
- Werner Moritz (3)
- Wolfram F. Neiss (3)
- Xiumei Mo (3)
- Y. Ermolenko (3)
- Y.G. Mourzina (3)
- Yuanyuan Guo (3)
- Z. A. Mansurov (3)
- Z.A. Mansurov (3)
- A. (u.a.) Fischer (2)
- A. Baade (2)
- A. Hamacher (2)
- A. J. Kreiner (2)
- A. Levers (2)
- A. M. Pedraza (2)
- A. P. Bogoyavlenskiy (2)
- A. Razavi (2)
- A. S. Kistaubayeva (2)
- A. Yeshibaev (2)
- A. Zhubanova (2)
- Achim Basermann (2)
- Aida Kistaubaeva (2)
- Aida S. Kistaubayeva (2)
- Akinori Itabashi (2)
- Akira Matsuo (2)
- Alexander Abel (2)
- Alexander Hapfelmeier (2)
- Alexander Heinzel (2)
- Alexander Kern (2)
- Alexander Kremers (2)
- Alexander Rothkegel (2)
- Ali Mohammad Pourshahidi (2)
- Ali Serpengüzel (2)
- Andreas Mucha (2)
- Anielle C. A. Silva (2)
- Anton Solovev (2)
- Ariane Ingenhag (2)
- Axel Schmutz (2)
- Axel Zöll (2)
- B. Li (2)
- B. Oedekoven (2)
- Bart van Grinsven (2)
- Benjamin M. Friedrich (2)
- Benno Schneider (2)
- Beril Simsek (2)
- Bernhard Steffen (2)
- Brendan Burkett (2)
- Britt Schoenrock (2)
- C. Demuth (2)
- C. Fischer (2)
- C. Hiemenz (2)
- C. Preiß (2)
- C. Wang (2)
- C. Weiler (2)
- C.-D. Kohl (2)
- Carina Ronja Kipp (2)
- Cecilia Gelfi (2)
- Christa Ringers (2)
- Christian Wege (2)
- Christina Kelemen (2)
- Christopher Stephen Ball (2)
- Claudia Muggenthaler (2)
- Claudio Franceschi (2)
- Claus-Dieter Kohl (2)
- Clemens Espe (2)
- Corinna Kaulen (2)
- Cornelia Krome (2)
- D. Brinkmann (2)
- D. Christ (2)
- D. H. Shokatayeva (2)
- D. Jahn (2)
- D. Lanske (2)
- D. Mayer (2)
- D. Protic (2)
- D. Rakowski (2)
- Daniel Erni (2)
- Daniela Schmidt (2)
- David Hafner (2)
- David Kuerten (2)
- Derick Yongabi (2)
- Diana Sitnikova (2)
- Dieter Blottner (2)
- Dinara K. Sherelkhan (2)
- Dirk Mayer (2)
- Dominik Bonin (2)
- Dominik Stollenwerk (2)
- Dorota G. Pijanowska (2)
- Dua Özsoylu (2)
- E. F. Hicken (2)
- E. Katz (2)
- Elena Dragicevic (2)
- Elham Honarvarfard (2)
- Elzbieta Remiszewska (2)
- Emanuela Longa (2)
- Eric Guthmann (2)
- Eva Trenz (2)
- Eva-Maria Geenen (2)
- F. Berretz (2)
- F. Dietzel (2)
- F. N. Makarov (2)
- F. Rongen (2)
- F. Schubert (2)
- F. Turquier (2)
- Florian Schröper (2)
- Flutura Hima (2)
- Frank Gerlach (2)
- Frank Sonnenberg (2)
- Frank Wappler (2)
- Fred Lisdat (2)
- Friedhelm Finger (2)
- G. Baldsiefen (2)
- G. Berghoff (2)
- G. Büldt (2)
- G. Kemmerling (2)
- G. Mawick (2)
- G. Roeb (2)
- G. Sletten (2)
- G. W. Schmid-Schönbein (2)
- G. Zaccai (2)
- Gabriel Hardt (2)
- Galina Balakirski (2)
- Georg Northoff (2)
- Georgios Eleftherios Stavroulakis (2)
- Gerhard Müller (2)
- Gero Francke (2)
- Gerrit Ansmann (2)
- Guido Laps (2)
- Gulzhamal Abdieva (2)
- Gøran Paulsen (2)
- H. Busch (2)
- H. Bäumler (2)
- H. J. Meiselman (2)
- H. R. Ress (2)
- H. Saleh (2)
- H. Shao (2)
- H. Stamm (2)
- H. Uebbing (2)
- H.-R. Casser (2)
- H.-W. Müller-Gärtner (2)
- Halil Resmi (2)
- Hannes Osterhage (2)
- Hans- W. [u.a.] Müller-Gärtner (2)
- Hans-Christian Gunga (2)
- Hans-Christoph Pape (2)
- Hans-Gerd Boyen (2)
- Hans-Peter Wegener (2)
- Hans-Wilhelm Müller (2)
- Hassan A. Arida (2)
- Hassan Arida (2)
- Heinke Mai (2)
- Hendrik Karwanni (2)
- Henri Werth (2)
- Henri-Pierre Suso (2)
- Hermann G. Matthies (2)
- Hermann Hinrichs (2)
- Holger Wagner (2)
- Hubertus Hautzel (2)
- I. Erki (2)
- I. G. Merdinger (2)
- I. Krest (2)
- Imke Rhoden (2)
- Ines Siebigteroth (2)
- Irene Di Giulio (2)
- J Schubert (2)
- J. Gerschütz (2)
- J. Haas (2)
- J. M. Perez (2)
- J. Nam (2)
- J. Ohnsorge (2)
- J. Unger (2)
- J. Xu (2)
- Jan Halamek (2)
- Jan-Peter Koch (2)
- Janine Diehl-Schmid (2)
- Jaroslav Hron (2)
- Jens Kolstad (2)
- Jens Prusseit (2)
- Jerome Defosse (2)
- Joachim W. Schultze (2)
- Joachim Weickert (2)
- Joe Zaccai (2)
- Johan Robbens (2)
- Johannes Platen (2)
- Johannes Schiffels (2)
- Jonas Zingsheim (2)
- Joris Kleinschmidt (2)
- José R., Jr. Siqueira (2)
- Jules Schneider (2)
- Julia Kowalski (2)
- Julian Gerstenberg (2)
- Jörg Wellmer (2)
- Jürgen C. W. Kiwit (2)
- K. Blank (2)
- K. Fuchs (2)
- K. H. Spies (2)
- K. Hackl (2)
- K. Kramm (2)
- K. Schultze (2)
- K. Wolf (2)
- K. Zuber (2)
- K.-J. Langen (2)
- Kai Heinrich (2)
- Kannan M. Krishnan (2)
- Karla Eberhardt (2)
- Karya Uysal (2)
- Katharina Mayer (2)
- Katya N. Mileva (2)
- Kazumi Kaneko (2)
- Khoi Duc Vu (2)
- Klaus Drechsler (2)
- Kristin Hugenroth (2)
- Kristina Ahlborn (2)
- Kristina Govorukha (2)
- L. Burgazzi (2)
- L. Fuss (2)
- L. Grieten (2)
- L. Kleinen (2)
- L. Wenzel (2)
- Lars Berndsen (2)
- Lorenza Brocca (2)
- Luc Michiels (2)
- Luciano Caseli (2)
- Ludwig E. Feinendegen (2)
- Lukas Streese (2)
- Luzy Zobel (2)
- M. Alper Selver (2)
- M. Bruns (2)
- M. Bäcker (2)
- M. Crookshank (2)
- M. Daenen (2)
- M. Edremitlioglu (2)
- M. Fenzl (2)
- M. Hormes (2)
- M. Murdfield (2)
- M. Musameh (2)
- M. Turaliyeva (2)
- M. Weil (2)
- Manfred Papaspyrou (2)
- Manh Khuyen Truong (2)
- Manuela Moriggi (2)
- Marc Ditzhaus (2)
- Marc Heyndrickx (2)
- Marcel Ameloot (2)
- Marcus Hormes (2)
- Maria Hastermann (2)
- Marian Bubak (2)
- Mark Melnykowycz (2)
- Mark Schieren (2)
- Markus Dahmen (2)
- Markus Holschbach (2)
- Marlena Mayer (2)
- Martin Flück (2)
- Martin Gosau (2)
- Martin Grießmeier (2)
- Martin Pieper (2)
- Martin Wiesmann (2)
- Marvin Winkens (2)
- Matthias Franz (2)
- Matthias Fuest (2)
- Matthias Meinecke (2)
- Max Mennicken (2)
- Max P. Jessing (2)
- Max Zinser (2)
- Medisa Jabbari (2)
- Meinrad Schienle (2)
- Melanie Welden (2)
- Mert Ege (2)
- Michael Kirchhof (2)
- Michael Köster (2)
- Michael Sildatke (2)
- Michele Canzoneri (2)
- Michele Salanova (2)
- Mike Nicolai (2)
- Miriam Capri (2)
- Mohammad Ali (2)
- Morten Bertz (2)
- N. Akimbekov (2)
- N. Bussmann (2)
- N. J. Shah (2)
- N. Laube (2)
- N. S. Akimbekov (2)
- Nadja Kröger (2)
- Nathalie Jurisch-Yaksi (2)
- Neil J. Cronin (2)
- Ngoc Tien Dao (2)
- Nicolai Heinze (2)
- Nicole Föckler (2)
- Nicole Teusch (2)
- Niklas Plange (2)
- Nina Noenning (2)
- Noelio O. Dantas (2)
- Norayr W. Martirosyan (2)
- Norbert Peters (2)
- O. Coronado (2)
- O. Devroede (2)
- O. Grottke (2)
- O. Stache (2)
- O. V. Svetlowa (2)
- Oguz K. Baskurt (2)
- Olaf Glück (2)
- Olivier R. Seynnes (2)
- Ovadia Lev (2)
- P. Boege (2)
- P. Reinhart (2)
- P. Teitel (2)
- P. Verdonck (2)
- P.S. Ualyeva (2)
- Paolo Cerretelli (2)
- Pascal Verdonck (2)
- Perizat Ualieva (2)
- Peter Cornelis (2)
- Peter Walter (2)
- Philipp Lohmann (2)
- R. (u.a.) Ebel (2)
- R. Barbier (2)
- R. Falk (2)
- R. Grebe (2)
- R. Molina (2)
- R. Spaltofski (2)
- Ralf Schäfer (2)
- Ralf Smeets (2)
- Randolph Kaminsky (2)
- Renate Hausinger (2)
- Reza Kanani (2)
- Rico Rutkowski (2)
- Roberto Bottinelli (2)
- Rolf Rossaint (2)
- Rudolf Flörke (2)
- Ruth Tabaza (2)
- S. Beer (2)
- S. Garbe (2)
- S. Huachupoma (2)
- S. Jahnke (2)
- S. Krozer (2)
- S. M. Bauer (2)
- S. Minwuyelet (2)
- S. Naser (2)
- S. Ramakrishna (2)
- S. Scheja (2)
- Sandra Fuest (2)
- Sarah Schöngarth (2)
- Sebastian Zeller (2)
- Sefa Kizildag (2)
- Severin Ruoss (2)
- Shiníchiro Kanoh (2)
- Shuhei Mimura (2)
- Siegfried Jahnke (2)
- Siegfried M. Schoberth (2)
- Silvia Karthäuser (2)
- Simon Burg (2)
- Sonja Schwarz (2)
- Stefan Schütz (2)
- Steffen Willwacher (2)
- Steffi Krause (2)
- Stella Givanoudi (2)
- Stoffel D. Janssens (2)
- Sudkanung Hataihimakul (2)
- Susanne Angermann (2)
- Svetlana Bauer (2)
- Swati Mandekar (2)
- T. Eitrich (2)
- T. Hombach (2)
- T. Kassab (2)
- T. Steffen (2)
- T. Weber (2)
- Takayuki Homma (2)
- Takeyuki Suto (2)
- Thomas Finocchiaro (2)
- Thomas Forst (2)
- Thomas Hombach (2)
- Thomas T. Zaengel (2)
- Thuy Ha Dinh (2)
- Tim A. S. Kaufmann (2)
- Tobias Karschuck (2)
- Tobias Unruh (2)
- Torsten Kuwert (2)
- Torsten Loop (2)
- Tu Luc Trinh (2)
- U. Heinrichs (2)
- U. Klinge (2)
- U. Neumann (2)
- U. Schurr (2)
- Ute Lindauer (2)
- Uwe Klinge (2)
- V. E. Berezin (2)
- V. K. Begoyan (2)
- V. Köttgen (2)
- V. M. Aroutiounian (2)
- V. Novacek (2)
- V. Vermeeren (2)
- Valentin Neuhaus (2)
- Valentin Rausch (2)
- Van Tan Giap (2)
- W. Hoffmann (2)
- W. Kutschera (2)
- W. Leimena (2)
- W. S. Yeap (2)
- W. Spahn (2)
- W. Vilser (2)
- W. de Ceuninck (2)
- W. von Lensa (2)
- Wayne Smith (2)
- Wilfred Chen (2)
- Wilhelm Kuckshinrichs (2)
- Winfried Vonau (2)
- Wojciech Kowalczyk (2)
- Xu Shanjia (2)
- Y. E. Ermelenko (2)
- Y. Nour (2)
- Y. Ui (2)
- Y. Zhang (2)
- Y.E. Ermolenko (2)
- Young de Shi (2)
- Yu.G. Mourzina (2)
- Yvan Fournier (2)
- Z. Mansurov (2)
- Zulkhair A. Mansurov (2)
- Frank (1)
- Lisdat, F. (1)
- A. M. Stadler (1)
- A. Arampatzis (1)
- A. Arndt (1)
- A. Becker (1)
- A. Benabdelkader (1)
- A. Blum (1)
- A. Bocahut (1)
- A. Bressel (1)
- A. Böttcher (1)
- A. Erben (1)
- A. Eshibaev (1)
- A. F. Chatziioannou (1)
- A. F. Chaziioannou (1)
- A. Fedorov (1)
- A. Ferreti (1)
- A. Figiel-Lange (1)
- A. Fischer (1)
- A. Fontcuberta i Morral (1)
- A. Franke (1)
- A. G. Cherstvy (1)
- A. Goldfarb (1)
- A. Hasenau (1)
- A. Hellendung (1)
- A. Hennes (1)
- A. Hoellig (1)
- A. Hollendung (1)
- A. Homrighausen (1)
- A. Ia. Mogilevskiĭ (1)
- A. Kessler (1)
- A. Kharoubi (1)
- A. Kießling (1)
- A. Kistaubaeva (1)
- A. Kleefeld (1)
- A. Koshkaryev (1)
- A. Kranzmann (1)
- A. Lahousse (1)
- A. Laszkovics (1)
- A. Linden (1)
- A. Lintermann (1)
- A. M. Malik (1)
- A. M. Miesse (1)
- A. Muchandani (1)
- A. Nurispahic (1)
- A. P. Panchekha (1)
- A. Pedraza (1)
- A. Pfützner (1)
- A. Prescher (1)
- A. Pressler (1)
- A. R. Kerimkulova (1)
- A. Riesen (1)
- A. Robitzki (1)
- A. Rothermel (1)
- A. Röth (1)
- A. S. Kistaubaeva (1)
- A. Saparbekova (1)
- A. Schmidt-Trucksäß (1)
- A. Schulte (1)
- A. Schwarz (1)
- A. Serpengüzel (1)
- A. Sydykova (1)
- A. Szumski (1)
- A. Töpler (1)
- A. Uspabayeva (1)
- A. V. Ogneva (1)
- A. V. Shilo (1)
- A. V. Sourjikov (1)
- A. V. Surmalyan (1)
- A. Vogel (1)
- A. Voigt (1)
- A. Waag (1)
- A. Wiescher (1)
- A. Yakushenko (1)
- A. Zhylysbayeva (1)
- A. Zundel (1)
- A.A. Roeth (1)
- A.A. Röth (1)
- A.B.M. Ismail (1)
- A.P. Ermolaev (1)
- A.S. Kistaubayeva (1)
- AA Antonov (1)
- AP Ermolaev (1)
- Abdieva G. Zhanadilovna (1)
- Abdolreza Mirmohseni (1)
- Abdurrahman Comlekci (1)
- Abigail Holland (1)
- Adel K. Marat (1)
- Afzalunnessa B. Lutfor (1)
- Aharon Wegner (1)
- Ai-Min Yan (1)
- Aida Kistaubayeva (1)
- Aida S. Kistaubaeva (1)
- Aileen Hill (1)
- Ainur Nurpeisova (1)
- Albert Rübben (1)
- Alberto E. Minetti (1)
- Aleksaner Drinic (1)
- Alessia Vignoli (1)
- Aletta E. Schutte (1)
- Alexander Bartz (1)
- Alexander Ciritsis (1)
- Alexander Damm (1)
- Alexander Goretzki (1)
- Alexander Pogrebnjak (1)
- Alexander Süss (1)
- Alexander Tass (1)
- Alexandra Loesch (1)
- Alexey V. Dashevsky (1)
- Alfred Hager (1)
- Alfred Riesen (1)
- Ali Chaiyboun (1)
- Ali Kashefi (1)
- Ali Pookhalil (1)
- Ali Saklamaz (1)
- Aline Seger (1)
- Alireza Rahimi (1)
- Alok Srivastava (1)
- Altynay Sagymbay (1)
- Amanzhol Turlybekuly (1)
- Amay J. Bandodkar (1)
- Ambra Stefani (1)
- Ameera Al-haddad (1)
- Amine Rabehi (1)
- Anabel Martin-Gonzalez (1)
- Anders Henningsen (1)
- Andrea Bruggemann (1)
- Andrea Ribeiro (1)
- Andreas Bauer (1)
- Andreas Fischbach (1)
- Andreas G. Boehm (1)
- Andreas Goetzenich (1)
- Andreas Harbrecht (1)
- Andreas Helwig (1)
- Andreas Hermanuz (1)
- Andreas Hufnagel (1)
- Andreas Kramer (1)
- Andreas Kriechbaumer (1)
- Andreas Maximilian Stadtler (1)
- Andreas Meyer (1)
- Andreas Peper (1)
- Andreas Pfützner (1)
- Andreas Prescher (1)
- Andreas Rusowicz (1)
- Andreas Schröder (1)
- Andreas Schulze Lohoff (1)
- Andreas Steinmetzler (1)
- Andres Vercik (1)
- Andrew Winnard (1)
- Andrey Bogoyavlenskiy (1)
- Andrey Bratov (1)
- Andrey G. Cherstvy (1)
- Andrey Ipatov (1)
- Andrey Legin (1)
- Andrey Zakharchenko (1)
- Andriy Kupyna (1)
- André Dinter (1)
- André Erler (1)
- André Kiesewetter (1)
- Anette Simonis (1)
- Angela M. Pedraza (1)
- Angelika Krenkow (1)
- Angi Eibl (1)
- Anh Quang Tran (1)
- Anja Lena Thiebes (1)
- Anjali A. Roeth (1)
- Anjali A.J. Roeth (1)
- Anke Höllig (1)
- Anke Liedek (1)
- Anna A. Kiseleva (1)
- Anna Conradi (1)
- Anna Droszez (1)
- Anna Lynn Johnen (1)
- Anna Wöhnl (1)
- Anna-Maria Liphardt (1)
- Anne Benninghaus (1)
- Anne Bruecken (1)
- Annemarie Wentzel (1)
- Annette Kohler (1)
- Annette M. Schmidt (1)
- Annika Röthenbacher (1)
- Annika Schmitz (1)
- Anton Chernihovskyi (1)
- Anton Weindl (1)
- Antoni Baldi (1)
- Anyelina C. Fang (1)
- Arash Razavi (1)
- Arjana Davidescu (1)
- Arne Deiseroth (1)
- Arno Trucksaess (1)
- Arthur Rabner (1)
- Arun Jayaraman (1)
- Askild V. Larsen (1)
- Astghik Tsokolakyan (1)
- Astrid Besmehn (1)
- Atsushi Matsuzaka (1)
- Aurelia Santoro (1)
- Axel Pressler (1)
- Aydin Ghaderi (1)
- Azhar Ahmetovna Zhubanova (1)
- Azuma Sakamoto (1)
- B Hagelskamp (1)
- B. (u.a.) Hoffmann (1)
- B. Buecking (1)
- B. Conings (1)
- B. E. Chapman (1)
- B. Eissfeller (1)
- B. Ge (1)
- B. H. Shaimardanova (1)
- B. Hoffmann (1)
- B. Kurtz (1)
- B. Landsmann (1)
- B. M. Doorschodt (1)
- B. M. Kayatekin (1)
- B. Ostrik (1)
- B. Philippen (1)
- B. Salemink (1)
- B. Sprenger (1)
- B. Weidenbrück (1)
- B. Wolfrum (1)
- B. Yolcuoglu (1)
- B. van Wulfen (1)
- Barbara Trattner (1)
- Bart Meyns (1)
- Bastian Demuth (1)
- Beate Britz (1)
- Benedikt Kerschgens (1)
- Benedikt Mues (1)
- Benita Hermanns-Sachweh (1)
- Benjamin Garlan (1)
- Benjamin Richstein (1)
- Benjamin Staeudle (1)
- Bergita Ganse (1)
- Berhard Haller (1)
- Bernard Ciritsis (1)
- Bernhard Brehmer (1)
- Bernhard Ciritsis (1)
- Bernhard D. Ciritsis (1)
- Bernhard Haller (1)
- Bernhard Hoffschmidt (1)
- Bernhard Schmölzer (1)
- Bernhard Weißbecker (1)
- Bin Li (1)
- Bing Yu (1)
- Birgit Högl (1)
- Birka Witta (1)
- Björn Reichel (1)
- Bogdan Yosypchuk (1)
- Boris Graewe (1)
- Bouzid Menaa (1)
- Bruno Mücke (1)
- C. Allefeld (1)
- C. Becker (1)
- C. Birkenstock (1)
- C. Cavdar (1)
- C. Conzen (1)
- C. Dominguez (1)
- C. Druska (1)
- C. E. Elger (1)
- C. Elger (1)
- C. Froemmel (1)
- C. Gottschling (1)
- C. H. Wiesener (1)
- C. Hanewinkel (1)
- C. Hauser (1)
- C. Hohberg (1)
- C. I. Dicker (1)
- C. Jeitner (1)
- C. Kesselman (1)
- C. Koch (1)
- C. Krumbe (1)
- C. Kuntner (1)
- C. Menzel (1)
- C. Metzger-Boddien (1)
- C. Michel (1)
- C. Morcel (1)
- C. Moulinec (1)
- C. O´Heras (1)
- C. O’Heras (1)
- C. P. Lohmann (1)
- C. Pekcetin (1)
- C. Pithan (1)
- C. Rosenkranz (1)
- C. Ruge (1)
- C. Schikarsky (1)
- C. Schmaderer (1)
- C. Thomé (1)
- C. Tsoumpas (1)
- C. Wallang (1)
- C. Werner (1)
- C. Wiebusch (1)
- C. Winkler von Mohrenfels (1)
- C. Zetzsche (1)
- C. [u.a.] Mittermayer (1)
- C. [u.a.] Müller (1)
- C. von Dühring (1)
- C.-K. Yeung (1)
- C.F. Werner (1)
- C.O. Laura (1)
- Canan Coker (1)
- Candan Ozogul (1)
- Cansu Aydin (1)
- Carin Benstoem (1)
- Carl Harald Müller (1)
- Carl Schlockermann (1)
- Carlien E. Myburgh (1)
- Carlo Reggiani (1)
- Carlos O'Heras (1)
- Carlos O\'Heras (1)
- Carmen Bartic (1)
- Carolin Meyer (1)
- Carsten Allefeld (1)
- Carsten Harlaß (1)
- Cecilia Jimenez-Jorquera (1)
- Cecilia Pederzolli (1)
- Ch. Witte (1)
- Chaitanya Krishna Mummidisetty (1)
- Chandrasekaran Jayaraman (1)
- Chang-Hoon Choi (1)
- Changsheng Xu (1)
- Chao Chen (1)
- Charalampos Tsoumpas (1)
- Charles Moulinec (1)
- Charlotte Anabell May (1)
- Charlotte Zäske (1)
- Chengrui Pan (1)
- Chetna Dhand (1)
- Chris Lohmann (1)
- Chris Patrick Lohmann (1)
- Christel Weiß (1)
- Christian Beckers (1)
- Christian Bleilevens (1)
- Christian Blume (1)
- Christian G. Cornelissen (1)
- Christian Kreutz (1)
- Christian Neuendorf (1)
- Christian Rieke (1)
- Christian Ries (1)
- Christian Rosenkranz (1)
- Christian Ruge (1)
- Christian Sorg (1)
- Christian Waluga (1)
- Christian Weiler (1)
- Christiane K. Kuhl (1)
- Christianne Vant (1)
- Christina Hansen (1)
- Christina Jolly (1)
- Christine Ménager (1)
- Christine Willen (1)
- Christoph Baltschun (1)
- Christoph Bourauel (1)
- Christoph Dalitz (1)
- Christoph Helmstaedter (1)
- Christoph Hornung (1)
- Christoph Metzger-Boddien (1)
- Christoph Nguyen (1)
- Christoph Palm (1)
- Christoph Richter (1)
- Christopher Ball (1)
- Christopher E.J. Doppler (1)
- Cindy A. Nagamine Komesu (1)
- Claudio Luchinat (1)
- Cloth Hohberg (1)
- Colm Mulhern (1)
- Constant Michielsens (1)
- Cony N. Herrera (1)
- Corinna Brune (1)
- Costel C. Darie (1)
- Cristina Fabbri (1)
- Cristina Morsiani (1)
- Cristina S. F. Nordi (1)
- César Océn-Valéntin (1)
- D. A. Shabaldkin (1)
- D. Andrae (1)
- D. Blandfort (1)
- D. Buchwald (1)
- D. Chenchik (1)
- D. Degenring (1)
- D. Dosev (1)
- D. Dürkop (1)
- D. Eliseev (1)
- D. Eschbach (1)
- D. G. Bronson (1)
- D. G. M. Molin (1)
- D. Gandhi (1)
- D. Heinen (1)
- D. Hommel (1)
- D. K. Kaul (1)
- D. K. Vu (1)
- D. Kirsanov (1)
- D. Koczan (1)
- D. Lorang (1)
- D. Martens (1)
- D. Mlynek (1)
- D. Moro (1)
- D. O. Kirsanov (1)
- D. Reber (1)
- D. S. Correa (1)
- D. Schehl (1)
- D. Schumacher (1)
- D. Schäfer (1)
- D. Tsarouchas (1)
- D. Vesunin (1)
- D. Ward (1)
- D.-T. Mai (1)
- Daan Martens (1)
- Dagmar van Dusschoten (1)
- Dan Rizkov (1)
- Dang Hung Nguyen (1)
- Daniel Belavy (1)
- Daniel Blandford (1)
- Daniel Hänggi (1)
- Daniel Krott (1)
- Daniel L. Belavy (1)
- Daniel Malinowski (1)
- Daniel Perez-Viana (1)
- Daniel Pérez-Viana (1)
- Daniel Redkowitz (1)
- Daniel Sanders (1)
- Daniel Schäfer (1)
- Daniel Sippel (1)
- Daniel Sollinger (1)
- Daniela Mlynek (1)
- Daniele Colombo (1)
- Danilo A. Oliveira (1)
- Danita Muanghong (1)
- Dario Cazzola (1)
- Darius A. Gerlach (1)
- Darren [u.a.] Whittemore (1)
- David A. Caron (1)
- David Brealey (1)
- David Kürten (1)
- David Martin (1)
- David Stadler (1)
- Denis G. Lapitan (1)
- Denis Infanger (1)
- Denise Camozzi (1)
- Detlef Eisenkrätzer (1)
- Devika Channaveerappa (1)
- Dieter Felsenberg (1)
- Dieter Mewes (1)
- Dietmar Eberbeck (1)
- Dietmar Erwin (1)
- Dietrich Paulus (1)
- Dina Shokatayeva (1)
- Dirk W. Grijpma (1)
- Dmitrii A. Rogatkin (1)
- Dmitry Kirsanov (1)
- Dmitry M. Kolpashchikov (1)
- Dmitry Nardin (1)
- Doina Gherghel (1)
- Dominik Göddeke (1)
- Dominik Steubl (1)
- Doris Schmitt-Landsiedel (1)
- Dryed Mohammadali Dadfar (1)
- E. A. Gorbatenkova (1)
- E. Borrmann (1)
- E. Erbay (1)
- E. Fabian (1)
- E. Ingebrandt (1)
- E. Karagiannis (1)
- E. Krappen (1)
- E. Longhini (1)
- E. M. Hamad (1)
- E. Monno (1)
- E. N. Iomdina (1)
- E. Savvidis (1)
- E. Schneider (1)
- E. Szelinski (1)
- E.F. Hicken (1)
- Eckhard Schönau (1)
- Eduard Buess (1)
- Elena Bellavista (1)
- Elena N. Iomdina (1)
- Elena Rota Kops (1)
- Elke Schneider (1)
- Enno E. Popkes (1)
- Enrico Giampieri (1)
- Erasmia Giannakou (1)
- Erasmus Schulte (1)
- Erhard Scholz (1)
- Erhard Schultchen (1)
- Eric Eschler (1)
- Eric G. Berger (1)
- Eric Teeman (1)
- Ernst Ruch (1)
- Etienne Michael Schönbach (1)
- Etiennette Auffray (1)
- Eugenii Katz (1)
- Eulalie Joelle Ngamga (1)
- Eva B. Voronkova (1)
- Eva M. Buhl (1)
- Evelyn Elsaesser (1)
- Eylem Kurulgan demirci (1)
- F. (u.a.) Fischer (1)
- F. A. Flachskampf (1)
- F. A. [u.a.] Delano (1)
- F. Amberger (1)
- F. Bischof (1)
- F. Eber (1)
- F. Fiorini (1)
- F. Garibaldi (1)
- F. Geiger (1)
- F. Gerlach (1)
- F. Giuliani (1)
- F. Indefrey (1)
- F. Jansen (1)
- F. Kandemir (1)
- F. Kauffmann (1)
- F. Kramer (1)
- F. Kubacki (1)
- F. Löer (1)
- F. Nakamura (1)
- F. Natali (1)
- F. P. [u.a.] Job (1)
- F. Pauly (1)
- F. Santavenere (1)
- F. Scholz (1)
- F. Sonnenberg (1)
- F. V. Gasparyan (1)
- F. Valdoire (1)
- F. von Rundstedt (1)
- F.V. Gasparyan (1)
- Fabian Eber (1)
- Fabian Kiessling (1)
- Fabio Scholl (1)
- Fania Geiger (1)
- Farina Muris (1)
- Feliksas Ivanauskas (1)
- Felix Münstermann (1)
- Felix Stelter (1)
- Felix Wozniak (1)
- Ferdinand V. Gasparyan (1)
- Fernando V. Paulovich (1)
- Fiammetta Pagano (1)
- Filip Laco (1)
- Fiona Moseley (1)
- Florian Haas (1)
- Florian Mormann (1)
- Fouad Azar (1)
- Francisco J. Andrade (1)
- Frank Berretz (1)
- Frank Müller (1)
- Frank Wiekhorst (1)
- Frank-Michael Matysik (1)
- Franken Kim (1)
- Franz Demmel (1)
- Franziska F. Schlich (1)
- Frauke Foerger (1)
- Frederic Rufi (1)
- Friedel Hoßfeld (1)
- Fumihiro Dasai (1)
- G. (u.a.) Landwehr (1)
- G. Ameres (1)
- G. Balbinot (1)
- G. Barshtein (1)
- G. Buss (1)
- G. Carpinelli (1)
- G. Chen (1)
- G. Dosybayeva (1)
- G. E. Wolf (1)
- G. Elibayeva (1)
- G. Förth (1)
- G. Gradl-Dietsch (1)
- G. Groling (1)
- G. Hardt (1)
- G. Hertel (1)
- G. J. Garvey (1)
- G. J. Schneider (1)
- G. Jakse (1)
- G. Karakulah (1)
- G. Kilthau (1)
- G. L. Fiorini (1)
- G. Landwehr (1)
- G. Lübben (1)
- G. M. Brügge (1)
- G. M. Wolfaardt (1)
- G. Mäscher (1)
- G. R. Fink (1)
- G. R. Soukiassyan (1)
- G. Riepe (1)
- G. Rysstad (1)
- G. Schroder (1)
- G. Sridharan (1)
- G. Tokar (1)
- G. Tornielli (1)
- G. Weißbecker (1)
- G. Wirtz (1)
- G. Zh. Abdieva (1)
- G. [u.a.] Büldt (1)
- G. [u.a.] Schneider (1)
- G.A. Schubert (1)
- GL Grigoryan (1)
- Gabriela Figueroa-Miranda (1)
- Gabriela Valdes-Ramirez (1)
- Gabriela Valdés-Ramírez (1)
- Gamal Baroud (1)
- Gaspare Pavei (1)
- Gavin W. Lambert (1)
- Geert W. Schmid-Schönbein (1)
- Geertrui Rasschaert (1)
- Georg H. Möller (1)
- Georg Lorenz (1)
- George G. Savii (1)
- Gerd Schneider (1)
- Gerd-Peter Brüggemann (1)
- Gerda Wurpts (1)
- Gereon Elbers (1)
- Gereon R. Fink (1)
- Gerhard Baldsiefen (1)
- Gerhard Garhofer (1)
- Gerhard Stöcklin (1)
- Gerhard W. Roeb (1)
- Gerhard Wahl (1)
- Gert-Peter Bruggemann (1)
- Gert-Peter brüggemann (1)
- Ghassem Amoabediny (1)
- Gideon Wackers (1)
- Gisèle Hadinger (1)
- Giuseppe Zaccai (1)
- Glen Atlas (1)
- Gopal S.P. Madabhushi (1)
- Gopal Santana Phani Madabhushi (1)
- Gregor Huber (1)
- Greta Nölke (1)
- Grieger Niklas (1)
- Gulzhan K. Kaiyrmanova (1)
- Gözde Dursun (1)
- Gül Güner (1)
- Günter Heil (1)
- Günter Härtel (1)
- H. (u.a.) Schenk (1)
- H. Ates (1)
- H. Baltruschat (1)
- H. Berens (1)
- H. Clusmann (1)
- H. E. Andrews (1)
- H. Euringer (1)
- H. G. Hollweg (1)
- H. G. Matthies (1)
- H. Gliemann (1)
- H. H. Hovnikyan (1)
- H. Hanssen (1)
- H. Ichimura (1)
- H. J. Freund (1)
- H. Lame (1)
- H. Mühlensiepen (1)
- H. Müller (1)
- H. Nguyen-Xuan (1)
- H. Niedermeier (1)
- H. P. Gössing (1)
- H. Peters (1)
- H. Reinders (1)
- H. Reiners (1)
- H. Resmi (1)
- H. Scheidt (1)
- H. Scholl (1)
- H. Seipelt (1)
- H. Stolz (1)
- H. Wagner (1)
- H. Willenberg (1)
- H. Wolff (1)
- H.-C. Pape (1)
- H.-G. Boyen (1)
- H.-P. Rohns (1)
- H.-W. Gitschner (1)
- H.J. (u.a.) Ache (1)
- H.S. Willenberg (1)
- Hackl Michael (1)
- Hadi Tabesh (1)
- Hamid Kokabi (1)
- Hanna Malyaran (1)
- Hannah Hiecke (1)
- Hannelore Strauven (1)
- Hanno Scharr (1)
- Hanno Volker (1)
- Hans Christian Stubbe (1)
- Hans F. Merk (1)
- Hans Lustfeld (1)
- Hans-Jakob Steiger (1)
- Hans-Joachim Schmoll (1)
- Hans-Peter Simmen (1)
- Harald Kaemmerer (1)
- Harin Saleh (1)
- Hartmut Arndt (1)
- Hartmut Gliemann (1)
- Heiko Spalthahn (1)
- Heiner Brücher (1)
- Heinz Berndt (1)
- Heinz Busch (1)
- Heinz H. Coenen (1)
- Heinz Pfeifer (1)
- Heinz Rongen (1)
- Heinz-H. Coenen (1)
- Helmut Ahammer (1)
- Hendrik S. Steyn (1)
- Henna Schulze-Steinen (1)
- Henner Hansser (1)
- Henning Boecker (1)
- Henning Dickten (1)
- Henri-Pierre Suco (1)
- Herwig W. Lange (1)
- Hidenori Taki (1)
- Hirokazu Nakazawa (1)
- Hiroki Ichimura (1)
- Hiroko Isoda (1)
- Holger Ecken (1)
- Horst Halling (1)
- Horst Hardelauf (1)
- Hua Shao (1)
- Hugo W. Huisman (1)
- Hussam Aldin Hamou (1)
- Hélène Kergoat (1)
- Hülya Akhunlar (1)
- I. Bremer (1)
- I. Eisele (1)
- I. Emslander (1)
- I. Erken (1)
- I. Foster (1)
- I. Iwasaki (1)
- I. Kerroumi (1)
- I. N. Koshits (1)
- I. Romann (1)
- I. S. Hueck (1)
- I. S. Krylova (1)
- I. S. Savistkaya (1)
- I. S. Savitskaya (1)
- I. Savistkaya (1)
- I.A. Nivokov (1)
- I.G. Merdinger (1)
- I.G. Mourzina (1)
- I.S. Saviskaya (1)
- I.S. Savitkaya (1)
- Ian Foster (1)
- Ian T. Foster (1)
- Ich Thinh Tran (1)
- Igor Bjelakovic (1)
- Ilina Murgan (1)
- Iman Kerroumi (1)
- Inci Cansu Aydin (1)
- Inga Recker (1)
- Inge Gutheil (1)
- Ingo Krest (1)
- Inna Kern (1)
- Inyoung Jeong (1)
- Iona Slabu (1)
- Ioulia G. Mourzina (1)
- Ipek Seda Firat (1)
- Ipek Seda Fırat (1)
- Ipek Serat Firat (1)
- Irina S. Savitskaja (1)
- Iris Kleine (1)
- Isaac Harris (1)
- Isgard S. Hueck (1)
- Istabrak Hasan (1)
- Itamar Willner (1)
- J Wolters (1)
- J. (u.a.) Gerschütz (1)
- J. Altes (1)
- J. Andermahr (1)
- J. Bachmann (1)
- J. Bockemühl (1)
- J. Bojsen-Moller (1)
- J. Borggrefe (1)
- J. Broeders (1)
- J. Buehler (1)
- J. C. Barry (1)
- J. C. Marshall (1)
- J. Clemens (1)
- J. Czynski (1)
- J. Dammers (1)
- J. Dang (1)
- J. Eschweiler (1)
- J. G. Taylor (1)
- J. Gartzen (1)
- J. Gutowski (1)
- J. H. Jung (1)
- J. Hagler (1)
- J. Hirschfeld (1)
- J. Jandosov (1)
- J. K. Ghorai (1)
- J. Knoben (1)
- J. Krone (1)
- J. Königsfeld (1)
- J. M. Jandosov (1)
- J. Mikucki (1)
- J. Moll (1)
- J. R. Siqueira (1)
- J. Räde (1)
- J. Schelten (1)
- J. Schultze (1)
- J. Shen (1)
- J. Styczen (1)
- J. Suzurikawa (1)
- J. Tödter (1)
- J. Vetter (1)
- J. Warmer (1)
- J. Weis (1)
- J. Wellmer (1)
- J. Whiffen (1)
- J. Wick (1)
- J. Wu (1)
- J. Zhou-Stache (1)
- J. Ziemer (1)
- J. d´ Haen (1)
- J.-B. Mosset (1)
- J.-C. Kröger (1)
- J.-F. Loude (1)
- J.-M. Vieira (1)
- J.-P. Didelez (1)
- J.-W. Schultze (1)
- J.H. Göbbert (1)
- J.Z. Wu (1)
- Jaap H. van Dieen (1)
- Jacob Kümmel (1)
- Jacobo de Una-Alcarez (1)
- Jakob Schmitz (1)
- Jakpar Jandosov (1)
- Jamaludin Mohd-Yusof (1)
- James Cowburn (1)
- Jan Fischer (1)
- Jan Hunker (1)
- Jan Höft (1)
- Jan L. Hunker (1)
- Jan N. Hansen (1)
- Jan Niklas Hansen (1)
- Jan Niklas Lueke (1)
- Jan Philipp Thiele (1)
- Jan Spannhake (1)
- Jan van Leusen (1)
- Jana Kriesel (1)
- Jasmina Nork (1)
- Jaume M. Canaves (1)
- Javier Carbajo-Lozoya (1)
- Jean M. J. Frèchet (1)
- Jens Göttler (1)
- Jens Lutz (1)
- Jens M. Baron (1)
- Jens Malte Baron (1)
- Jerzy Kruk (1)
- Jessica R. Gierkowski (1)
- Jessica Ricarda Gierkowski (1)
- Jian Zhou (1)
- Jian Zouh (1)
- Jianbo Li (1)
- Jiri Barek (1)
- Joachim Bargon (1)
- Joachim Göttsche (1)
- Joachim Knoch (1)
- Joachim P. Schubert (1)
- Jochen Hartmann (1)
- Jochen Wirths (1)
- Jochen Zange (1)
- Joey Ser (1)
- Johann Plange (1)
- Johanna C. Clauser (1)
- Johanna Negele (1)
- Johanna Roussel (1)
- Johannes Kochs (1)
- Johannes Scherr (1)
- Johannes Warmer (1)
- John V. Lovasik (1)
- Jonas Böcker (1)
- Jonas Bühler (1)
- Jonas Zacher (1)
- Jorge Mendonca (1)
- Jorge Rios-Martinez (1)
- Jos Daemen (1)
- Josbert Metselaar (1)
- Jose R. Jr. Siqueira (1)
- Jose Roberto, Jr. Siqueira (1)
- Josef Priller (1)
- Josepf Wang (1)
- Joshua R. Windmiller (1)
- Joshua Ray Windmiller (1)
- José R. Siqueira Jr (1)
- José R. Siqueira Jr. (1)
- José R. Siqueira Junior (1)
- Juan Grundwald (1)
- Jugal Ghorai (1)
- Jule Heieis (1)
- Julia Falkenstein (1)
- Julia Kartchemnik (1)
- Julia Matschkal (1)
- Julia Nacov (1)
- Julia Niehues (1)
- Julia Schloen (1)
- Julia Tödter (1)
- Julian Alexander Tanner (1)
- Julian Hirschfeld (1)
- Julian Seifert (1)
- Juozas Kulys (1)
- Jussupova D.B. (1)
- Jörg Borchert (1)
- Jörg Felder (1)
- Jörg Hennemann (1)
- Jörg Kreyer (1)
- Jörg Thömmes (1)
- Jürgen Kurths (1)
- Jürgen Lörgen (1)
- Jürgen Stock (1)
- K Hderi (1)
- K. Ahlborn (1)
- K. Andac (1)
- K. Czajkowski (1)
- K. Dumont (1)
- K. Eersels (1)
- K. Gewehr (1)
- K. Hekmat (1)
- K. Helbing (1)
- K. Jazwik (1)
- K. Kappmeyer (1)
- K. Kolvenbach (1)
- K. Konstantinidis (1)
- K. Krüger (1)
- K. Lakhanova (1)
- K. Lehnertz (1)
- K. Malzahn (1)
- K. Mariano (1)
- K. Miamoto (1)
- K. Nielsch (1)
- K. Sartayeva (1)
- K. Scharnagl (1)
- K. Schill (1)
- K. Schindler (1)
- K. Schuhmacher (1)
- K. Schumacher (1)
- K. Seki (1)
- K. T. Tastambek (1)
- K. Thürmel (1)
- K. Wegmann (1)
- K. Wendt (1)
- K. Zilles (1)
- K.-L. Paul Sung (1)
- K.I. Miyamoto (1)
- Kai Barkschat (1)
- Kai Lutz (1)
- Karin Jacobs (1)
- Karl J. Langen (1)
- Karl Zilles (1)
- Karl-Heinrich Lösing (1)
- Karolin J. Pauly (1)
- Karolin Roemhild (1)
- Karolina Peckova (1)
- Kaspar A. Schindler (1)
- Kaspar Schindler (1)
- Katharina Besch (1)
- Katharina Blume (1)
- Katharina Kasper (1)
- Katharina Schlemmer (1)
- Katharina Schumacher (1)
- Katharina Seyfried (1)
- Katharine Rossiter (1)
- Kathia L. Jiménez Monroy (1)
- Kathrin Schopen (1)
- Katja N. Mileva (1)
- Katrin Esefeld (1)
- Katrin Freyler (1)
- Katrin Witte (1)
- Kerstin Malzahn (1)
- Kerstin Schumacher (1)
- Kerstin van Gaalen (1)
- Khosrow Mottaghy (1)
- Kieu Ngo (1)
- Kim K. Miskiw (1)
- Kirstin Block (1)
- Klau Josef Burkhart (1)
- Klaus Baltes (1)
- Klaus Burckhardt (1)
- Klaus Burkhardt (1)
- Ko-ichiro Miyamato (1)
- Kobra Rostamizadeh (1)
- Koichi Okumura (1)
- Koichiro Miyamoto (1)
- Konrad Dudzinski (1)
- Konrad Hille (1)
- Konrad Stock (1)
- Konstantin Gugleta (1)
- Kosuke Hayashi (1)
- Kristina Adorjan (1)
- Kristina Schönenborn (1)
- Krzystof Jozwik (1)
- Kuanysh T. Tastambek (1)
- Kuanysh Tastambek (1)
- L. (u.a.) Beckers (1)
- L. A. Zamuraev (1)
- L. Akynova (1)
- L. Breuer (1)
- L. Cosentino (1)
- L. Delle (1)
- L. F. Sukhodub (1)
- L. G. Rustamyan (1)
- L. H. Sukoyan (1)
- L. Jung (1)
- L. Käver (1)
- L. Moreno i Codinachs (1)
- L. P. Müller (1)
- L. Renders (1)
- L. Rotter (1)
- L. Trahms (1)
- L. Zhi (1)
- L.I. Melnikova (1)
- L.V. Ignatova (1)
- Lambert van Eijck (1)
- Lan Kluwe (1)
- Larissa Käver (1)
- Lars Donath (1)
- Lars Grieten (1)
- Lars Kaulen (1)
- Lars Kemna (1)
- Lars-P. Müller (1)
- Laura Burns (1)
- Laura K. Krings (1)
- Laura Osorio Gonzalez (1)
- Laura Schunck (1)
- Laura Tempel (1)
- Laurence Vico (1)
- Laurenz Schmitt (1)
- Leandi Lammertyn (1)
- Lena Altherr (1)
- Lena Hellmich (1)
- Lenhard Pennig (1)
- Lenka Halamkova (1)
- Leo Doerr (1)
- Leon M. Juárez (1)
- Leonardo Tenori (1)
- Leone Malan (1)
- Leonid Kodomskoi (1)
- Leopold Schmetterer (1)
- Lia Moreno i Codinachs (1)
- Lida Mademli (1)
- Lina Jentsch (1)
- Linda Tran (1)
- Linda Winkler (1)
- Lingyan Feng (1)
- Lisa Kleinen (1)
- Lisa Lauts (1)
- Liudmyla B. Sukhodub (1)
- Lorenzo Lunelli (1)
- Lothar Ketterer (1)
- Lotta E. Delle (1)
- Ludger Keil (1)
- Lukas Pieronek (1)
- Lukas de Honde (1)
- Lukasz Tymecki (1)
- Lutz Tellmann (1)
- Lutz Weber (1)
- M Bohner (1)
- M Lach (1)
- M. (u.a.) Marso (1)
- M. (u.a.) Thust (1)
- M. A. Onal (1)
- M. Akhisaroglu (1)
- M. Ates (1)
- M. Biisenbaev (1)
- M. Borchert (1)
- M. Bork (1)
- M. Brune (1)
- M. Brökel (1)
- M. Bögner (1)
- M. C. J. M. Schreinemachers (1)
- M. Chatrathi (1)
- M. Cook (1)
- M. Dawgul (1)
- M. Drexler (1)
- M. Durchholz (1)
- M. Erdt (1)
- M. Fahlman (1)
- M. Fischöder (1)
- M. Fuest (1)
- M. G. Matthies (1)
- M. Giesen (1)
- M. Goldbach (1)
- M. Gricia (1)
- M. Grießmeier (1)
- M. Grosse-Ruyken (1)
- M. H. Weil (1)
- M. Hackl (1)
- M. Kirchhof (1)
- M. Kirschbaum (1)
- M. Knobe (1)
- M. Krieguer (1)
- M. Krystek (1)
- M. Lach (1)
- M. Laumen (1)
- M. Lucentini (1)
- M. M. Khaydukova (1)
- M. M. Maier (1)
- M. Marso (1)
- M. Martin-Fernandez (1)
- M. Montanus (1)
- M. Morcos (1)
- M. Mueller (1)
- M. Murib (1)
- M. Musahmeh (1)
- M. Mätzkow (1)
- M. Olderog (1)
- M. P. Chatrathi (1)
- M. Rey (1)
- M. Rüffer (1)
- M. S. Sanke (1)
- M. Sadenova (1)
- M. Sakizli (1)
- M. Sakkari (1)
- M. Sauke (1)
- M. Schroll (1)
- M. Schröder (1)
- M. Schwartz (1)
- M. Seiz (1)
- M. Siegert (1)
- M. Strobel (1)
- M. Südkamp (1)
- M. Tehei (1)
- M. Topcu (1)
- M. Turalieva (1)
- M. V. Petrychuk (1)
- M. Weckesser (1)
- M. Wedrowski (1)
- M. Weis (1)
- M. Weiss (1)
- M. Xu (1)
- M.-C. Sora (1)
- M.-L. Grosse-Ruyken (1)
- M.A. Brockmann (1)
- Ma Kun (1)
- Maciej Lech (1)
- Maciej Swat (1)
- Madeline Masi (1)
- Madina Alexyuk (1)
- Maik Boltes (1)
- Maike Siemons (1)
- Makhmut Biisenbaev (1)
- Makoto Ishida (1)
- Malte Mätzkow (1)
- Mandana Hossein Zadeh Attar (1)
- Manfred Fleischer (1)
- Manghao Zhen (1)
- Manindar Kaur (1)
- Manuel A. Reddemann (1)
- Mar Monsonis Nomdedeu (1)
- Marc D´ Olieslaeger (1)
- Marc Leßmann (1)
- Marc Riedel (1)
- Marc Saitner (1)
- Marcel A. Kamp (1)
- Marcel Straub (1)
- Marcelo O. Orlandi (1)
- Marco Laumen (1)
- Marco Leyendecker (1)
- Marco Pizzichemi (1)
- Marco V. Narici (1)
- Marco Vincenzo Narici (1)
- Marcos A. M. Sousa (1)
- Marcus Gerressen (1)
- Marcus Holschbach (1)
- Mareike Morat (1)
- Mareike Weber (1)
- Mareike van Heel (1)
- Marek Mikielewicz (1)
- Maren Sorich (1)
- Maria C. F. de Oliveira (1)
- Maria Conte (1)
- Maria J. Stokes (1)
- Maria Moreno Catala (1)
- Maria Stokes (1)
- Mariane Masberg (1)
- Mariappan Sakthivel (1)
- Marie Lindner (1)
- Marie-Therese Kuhnert (1)
- Marion I. Menzel (1)
- Mark Hamer (1)
- Mark Schoberer (1)
- Marksu Gruber (1)
- Markus Cremer (1)
- Markus Dehnhardt (1)
- Markus P. Schlaich (1)
- Markus Peischl (1)
- Markus Probst (1)
- Markus Valter (1)
- Marlena Palomar Duran (1)
- Marlena Palomar Durán (1)
- Marsel Kvesic (1)
- Marsel Scheer (1)
- Martin B. Warner (1)
- Martin Hildinger (1)
- Martin Magnusson (1)
- Martin Müller (1)
- Martin Schober (1)
- Martin Warner (1)
- Martin Weckesser (1)
- Martin Wendler (1)
- Martina Jünger (1)
- Marvin Kaminski (1)
- Maryam Khodaverdi (1)
- Maryam Weil (1)
- Maryam Weiland (1)
- Maryna Ornatska (1)
- Masato Futagawa (1)
- Matteo Cesari (1)
- Matthias Beckler (1)
- Matthias C. Braunisch (1)
- Matthias Klopfer (1)
- Matthias Streun (1)
- Matthias Telöken (1)
- Matthias Weckesser (1)
- Matthias Wuttig (1)
- Matthias van Gompel (1)
- Matti R. Wirtssohn (1)
- Max Engelstädter (1)
- Max J. Scheyerer (1)
- Max Jessing (1)
- Max Kuhlen (1)
- Max Mehl (1)
- Maxilian von Eynatten (1)
- Maximilian Lenz (1)
- Maximilian Schelden (1)
- Maximilian von Eynatten (1)
- Maximillian Krischer (1)
- Maxine Dibué-Adjei (1)
- Mayumi Yoshida (1)
- Md.A.B. Ismail (1)
- Mehmet Kuntalp (1)
- Melanie Bohnen (1)
- Melanie Claßen (1)
- Melanie Gelissen (1)
- Meral Sakizli (1)
- Meryvn Singer (1)
- Michael Arzdorf (1)
- Michael E. Schaepman (1)
- Michael Frick (1)
- Michael Fröba (1)
- Michael Grundlach (1)
- Michael Herbst (1)
- Michael Jäger (1)
- Michael Klebinggat (1)
- Michael Neidlin (1)
- Michael Schiek (1)
- Michael Sommerauer (1)
- Michael Stellberg (1)
- Michael Südkamp (1)
- Michael Tiemann (1)
- Michael Veldeman (1)
- Michael Weiss (1)
- Michael Wolf (1)
- Michael Wübbenhorst (1)
- Michael [u.a.] Südkamp (1)
- Michaela Moser (1)
- Michele Meroni (1)
- Michele Vendano (1)
- Midori Yoshida (1)
- Mihail Ion Lepsa (1)
- Mike Barbeck (1)
- Milita Darguzyte (1)
- Milos Nesladek (1)
- Minami Abe (1)
- Minh Tuán Durong (1)
- Miriam Buhl (1)
- Mirko Magliani (1)
- Miroslav Zivkovic (1)
- Mohammad Ali Pourshahidi (1)
- Mohammed Murib (1)
- Mohammed S. Murib (1)
- Mohammed Sharif Murib (1)
- Mohr Philipp (1)
- Moldir A. Turaliyeva (1)
- Momin Sami Mohammad Alnemer (1)
- Mona Nasser (1)
- Monica Canepari (1)
- Monik Turek (1)
- Morena Martucci (1)
- Moritz D. Brandt (1)
- Moritz K. Brockhaus (1)
- Moritz Mathieu (1)
- Moritz Thielen (1)
- Moritz Werner (1)
- Muammer B. Kayatekin (1)
- Murat Topcu (1)
- Murat Topçu (1)
- Muriel Hollstein (1)
- Mustafa Musameh (1)
- Mutalieva A.S. (1)
- Mykhaylo V. Petrychuk (1)
- Müller Andy (1)
- N Jon Shah (1)
- N. Abramova (1)
- N. Clinthorne (1)
- N. Feucht (1)
- N. Gronloh (1)
- N. H. Nguyen (1)
- N. J. Cronin (1)
- N. Jansen (1)
- N. Jon Shah (1)
- N. M. S. van den Akker (1)
- N. Matirosyan (1)
- N. Nguyen-Thanh (1)
- N. Schmitz (1)
- N. Shigiahara (1)
- N. T. Tran (1)
- N. Uysal (1)
- N. V. Zinoviewa (1)
- N. W. Matirosyan (1)
- N. Wilhelms (1)
- N. Y. Adly (1)
- N. vanden Bon (1)
- N.-H. Nguyen (1)
- Nadine Becker (1)
- Nanni Jelinek (1)
- Naoki Kosaka (1)
- Nassir Navab (1)
- Natalie vanden Bon (1)
- Nataliia Guz (1)
- Nathalie Bijnens (1)
- Nathania Suryoputri (1)
- Nebojsa Jovanovic (1)
- Neil J Cronin (1)
- Nele Willemsen (1)
- Nhu Hunyh Nguyen (1)
- Niccolò De Cesare (1)
- Nick Harder (1)
- Nickos Aggeloussis (1)
- Nico T. Malan (1)
- Nicola A. Maffiuletti (1)
- Nicolaus Kratochwil (1)
- Nicole Kasischke (1)
- Nicole Schubert (1)
- Niels Okkels (1)
- Nihan Güver (1)
- Niklas Jörres (1)
- Nikolaos Pallikarakis (1)
- Nikos Efthimiou (1)
- Nils Andreas Kraemer (1)
- Nils Freyer (1)
- Nils Wilhelms (1)
- Nolan Herssens (1)
- Nora Schmidt (1)
- Nora Sembowski (1)
- Norbert Czech (1)
- Norbert Laube (1)
- Norbert Marwan (1)
- Noriko Shigihara (1)
- Nthai E. Ramoshaba (1)
- Nuraly Sh. Akimbekov (1)
- Nusupbaeva G.E. (1)
- O. A. Zadorozhnaya (1)
- O. Douthéret (1)
- O. Gruber (1)
- O. M. Panasenko (1)
- O. N. Oliveira (1)
- O. Pack (1)
- O. R. Seynnes (1)
- O. Sipahi (1)
- Octavian Ciobanu (1)
- Oguz Dicle (1)
- Olaf Kiesewetter (1)
- Olaf Schulz (1)
- Oleksandr V. Bondar (1)
- Olfa D'Angelo (1)
- Oliver A. Williams (1)
- Oliver Demetz (1)
- Oliver Faude (1)
- Oliver Grottke (1)
- Oliver Meyer (1)
- Oliver Schneider (1)
- Olivier Deschaume (1)
- Olivier R Seynnes (1)
- Omar Mirza (1)
- Osama Seyam (1)
- Osman Yilmaz (1)
- Ozlem Yalcin (1)
- P. (u.a.) Kordos (1)
- P. Bienstman (1)
- P. Bollella (1)
- P. Bosetti (1)
- P. Busch (1)
- P. Epanya (1)
- P. Finocchiaro (1)
- P. Gorissen (1)
- P. Heiduschka (1)
- P. Kaul (1)
- P. Keschenau (1)
- P. Krüger (1)
- P. Lecoq (1)
- P. Mehndiratta (1)
- P. Mohr (1)
- P. Musico (1)
- P. Pfeiffer (1)
- P. Quell (1)
- P. R. Mendes (1)
- P. Rato (1)
- P. S. Ualieva (1)
- P. Schankowski-Bouvier (1)
- P. Sempere-Roldan (1)
- P. Vogel (1)
- P. W. Halligan (1)
- P. W. Kuchel (1)
- P. [u.a.] Teitel (1)
- P.H. Weiss (1)
- Paola Varvarà (1)
- Paolo Crosetto (1)
- Pascale Verdonck (1)
- Patricia Hacker (1)
- Patrick McCormick (1)
- Patrick Pütz (1)
- Paul Busch (1)
- Paul E. Muckelt (1)
- Paul Jansen (1)
- Paul Kögerler (1)
- Paul Muckelt (1)
- Paulo Morais (1)
- Pavel Alexyuk (1)
- Pedro H. Suman (1)
- Peng Quin (1)
- Peng Shang (1)
- Peng-Fei Yang (1)
- Per Borghammer (1)
- Perizat S. Ualieva (1)
- Peter Bienstman (1)
- Peter Blümler (1)
- Peter Dedecker (1)
- Peter F. Pelz (1)
- Peter Hingley (1)
- Peter Hofbauer (1)
- Peter I. Lelkes (1)
- Peter Jeppesen (1)
- Peter Jost (1)
- Peter Kaul (1)
- Peter Kirchner (1)
- Peter Lindner (1)
- Peter Ochs (1)
- Peter Quadflieg (1)
- Peter Schroth (1)
- Peter Weidner (1)
- Peter Öhlschläger (1)
- Petr V. Luzhnov (1)
- Petra B. Musholt (1)
- Petra Frings-Meuthen (1)
- Philine Ritter (1)
- Philip Lazarovici (1)
- Philipp Pöttgen (1)
- Philipp Ritter (1)
- Philipp Tambornino (1)
- Piero Pavan (1)
- Pieter-Paul A. Vergroesen (1)
- Ping Wang (1)
- Priit Salumaa (1)
- Q. Mohsen (1)
- Quanqui Li (1)
- R. Abildayeva (1)
- R. Achten (1)
- R. Agosti (1)
- R. Al-Kaddoum (1)
- R. Arens-Fischer (1)
- R. Bale (1)
- R. Bassam (1)
- R. Benkowski (1)
- R. Buettner (1)
- R. Canese (1)
- R. Carleer (1)
- R. Florke (1)
- R. Flörke (1)
- R. Förstner (1)
- R. H. G. Schwinger (1)
- R. Herber (1)
- R. Hoffmann (1)
- R. Hosseiny (1)
- R. Indefrey (1)
- R. Irmscher (1)
- R. Jannsens (1)
- R. Julin (1)
- R. Kinast (1)
- R. Kurz (1)
- R. Kühn (1)
- R. M. lieder (1)
- R. Oettel (1)
- R. Paus (1)
- R. Rossaint (1)
- R. Sadykov (1)
- R. Sievering (1)
- R. Takors (1)
- R. Winter (1)
- R. Zierold (1)
- R. [u.a.] Ahmadpour (1)
- R. [u.a.] Grebe (1)
- R. [u.a.] Mitlöhner (1)
- R. [u.a.] Reinartz (1)
- Radermacher Chloé (1)
- Rafael Ceja Ayala (1)
- Rafael I. Barraquer (1)
- Rafael M. Maki (1)
- Rainer Lilischkis (1)
- Rainer Tamme (1)
- Rajat Karnatak (1)
- Ralf Borchardt (1)
- Ralf Schmeets (1)
- Ralph Michael (1)
- Ralph Otto (1)
- Raluca E. Sofronia (1)
- Raoul-Roman Kühn (1)
- Rasha Bassam Abduljabbar (1)
- Rasha ElBashir (1)
- Rashad Zayat (1)
- Rashid Amin (1)
- Raul T. Rodrigues (1)
- Rayla Gabriel (1)
- Rebeca Ramirez Acosta (1)
- Regina Pohle-Fröhlich (1)
- Reinhard E. Friedrich (1)
- René Kühlheim (1)
- Ricardo P.S.M. Lobo (1)
- Richard Achten (1)
- Rinus van Warven (1)
- Rita Lambertz (1)
- Rob J. Maris (1)
- Robert Dalla Pozza (1)
- Robert Dorner (1)
- Robert Koncki (1)
- Robert MacGregor (1)
- Robert Mann (1)
- Robert Strzodka (1)
- Roberto Canteri (1)
- Roberto E. Martinez Il (1)
- Roberto Molina (1)
- Robin Krause (1)
- Robin Severin (1)
- Robin Severins (1)
- Roderick Marshall Dirkzwager (1)
- Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalo (1)
- Roel Braekers (1)
- Roel Hubert Louis Haeren (1)
- Roelof D. van Wyk (1)
- Roger van Riet (1)
- Rogerio Bastos Craveiro (1)
- Roland Thoelen (1)
- Roland von Känel (1)
- Rolf Hausmann (1)
- Romas Baronas (1)
- Ronald Knox (1)
- Rudolf Schilling (1)
- Ruksan Cehreli (1)
- Rustam Sadykov (1)
- Rüdiger Kopp (1)
- Rüdiger Traute (1)
- S. (u.a.) Scholl (1)
- S. (u.a.) Schütz (1)
- S. A. Vitusevich (1)
- S. Akbay (1)
- S. Arlt (1)
- S. Azat (1)
- S. Behnam (1)
- S. Bhuju (1)
- S. Bugajski (1)
- S. Caliskan (1)
- S. Chandra (1)
- S. Chaudhuri (1)
- S. Chien (1)
- S. Colilli (1)
- S. D. Janssen (1)
- S. D. Janssens (1)
- S. D. Parkhomov (1)
- S. D. Spillmann (1)
- S. Dantism (1)
- S. Dhawan (1)
- S. E. R. Bilatto (1)
- S. Elgeti (1)
- S. Engels (1)
- S. Ernst (1)
- S. Florquin (1)
- S. Frohnhoff (1)
- S. Gevorgian (1)
- S. Gudder (1)
- S. Hataihimakul (1)
- S. Hiecker (1)
- S. Jockenhövel (1)
- S. K. Aknazarov (1)
- S. K. Mallipattu (1)
- S. Kampe (1)
- S. Karschies (1)
- S. M. Schoberth (1)
- S. M. Tazhibayeva (1)
- S. Macht (1)
- S. Majewski (1)
- S. Menzel (1)
- S. Niessen (1)
- S. P. Magnusson (1)
- S. Plate (1)
- S. Pouyeshman (1)
- S. Rible (1)
- S. Rupp (1)
- S. S. Khudyakova (1)
- S. Sacquin-Mora (1)
- S. Spillmann (1)
- S. Stock (1)
- S. Takenaga (1)
- S. Tazhibayeva (1)
- S. Thanos (1)
- S. Tholen (1)
- S. Traud (1)
- S. Tulaczyk (1)
- S. V. Jansen (1)
- S. Wesarg (1)
- S. Winkels (1)
- S. Yedgar (1)
- S. Zierke (1)
- S. Zimmermann (1)
- S. Zink (1)
- S. [u.a.] Yedgar (1)
- S. van Waasen (1)
- S.-F. Seidova (1)
- S.A. Vitusevich (1)
- Sabine Arlt-Körfer (1)
- Sabine Eiben (1)
- Sabine Keutmann (1)
- Sabine Neuss (1)
- Sakura Sakakita (1)
- Salvador Jiminez German (1)
- Sam Duwé (1)
- Samuel Grandthyll (1)
- Sandi Kaur (1)
- Sandra Bergmann (1)
- Sandra Kammerlohr (1)
- Sandra Rojas-Vega (1)
- Sanoh Kanoh (1)
- Sarah Klein (1)
- Sarah Peglow (1)
- Sascha Groß‑Hardt (1)
- Sascha Skorupa (1)
- Sasche Skorupa (1)
- Sebastian Borosch (1)
- Sebastian Draack (1)
- Sebastian Jansen (1)
- Sebastian Kalverkamp (1)
- Sebastian Krohn (1)
- Sebastian Lehnhoff (1)
- Sebastian Ludyga (1)
- Sebastian Paczkowski (1)
- Sebastian Reinkensmeier (1)
- Sebastian Rible (1)
- Sebastian Schmidt (1)
- Sebastian Ullrich (1)
- Sebastian V. Jansen (1)
- Seitkhan Azat (1)
- Selim Orgul (1)
- Senay Minwuyelet (1)
- Serap C. Micili (1)
- Serdan Alpdogan (1)
- Serdar Alpdogan (1)
- Sergej Sjapic (1)
- Sergey V. Plotnikov (1)
- Sergiy Minko (1)
- Sezer Caliskan (1)
- Shah Eiman Amzar Shah Apandi (1)
- Sharon Guo (1)
- Shashikant Warerkar (1)
- Shekar Shikare (1)
- Shenan Hoppe-Ludwig (1)
- Sherine O. Obare (1)
- Shin'ichiro Kanoh (1)
- Shin´ichiro Kanoh (1)
- Siamak Mehrkanoon (1)
- Siegfried Schoberth (1)
- Silke Moll-Slodowy (1)
- Silvia Hehenwarter (1)
- Silvia Kowollik (1)
- Simon Ahlers (1)
- Simon B. Eickhoff (1)
- Simon Chi-Chin Shiu (1)
- Simone Beer (1)
- Simone Montanari (1)
- Sinem Gezer (1)
- Slah Drira (1)
- Sonja Beyer (1)
- Sonja Stölzle-Feix (1)
- Sonny Kian Tan (1)
- Sophia K. Peter (1)
- Sophia Katharina Peter (1)
- Sophie Neveu (1)
- Sophie Schaffrath (1)
- Spartak Gevorgian (1)
- Srinivas Banala (1)
- Stanislas Werfel (1)
- Stanislaw Glab (1)
- Stefam Turek (1)
- Stefan Hirtbach (1)
- Stefan Roitsch (1)
- Stefan Schmidt (1)
- Stefan Schmitz (1)
- Stefan Werner (1)
- Stefan Wert (1)
- Stefani Röseler (1)
- Stefanie Bierbaum (1)
- Stefanie D. Moorthi (1)
- Stefanie Gürzing (1)
- Stefanie Heinke (1)
- Stefanie Sielemann (1)
- Stefanie Wendel (1)
- Stefano Salvioli (1)
- Steffen Wolf (1)
- Steffen Zeng (1)
- Steffi Colyer (1)
- Stephan Garbe (1)
- Stephan Kemmner (1)
- Stephan Porz (1)
- Stephan Uschok (1)
- Stephanie Graff-Dubois (1)
- Stephanie Kahmann (1)
- Stephen Mellon (1)
- Steve Barry (1)
- Suk-Min Hong (1)
- Sundarraman Subramanian (1)
- Sunil Dhar (1)
- Susanna Miettinen (1)
- Susanne Bechtold-Dalla Pozza (1)
- Susanne Schröder (1)
- Suvi P. Haimi (1)
- Sven H.M. Buijssen (1)
- Svetlana A. Vitusevich (1)
- Svetlana Chernigova (1)
- Svetlana M. Bauer (1)
- Swen Gottschalk (1)
- Sydulla K. Persheyev (1)
- Syed Faisal Ahmed Bukhari (1)
- Sylvia Wenmackers (1)
- T Yoshinobu (1)
- T. A. Chhabda (1)
- T. Braunschweig (1)
- T. Dickhaus (1)
- T. Ermelenko (1)
- T. Finni (1)
- T. Frank (1)
- T. Garma (1)
- T. Graef (1)
- T. Harada (1)
- T. Hovav (1)
- T. Kaufmann (1)
- T. Kondring (1)
- T. L. Karschuck (1)
- T. Leschinger (1)
- T. Linde (1)
- T. Lutz (1)
- T. Mai (1)
- T. Meyer (1)
- T. Neuhann (1)
- T. Nguyen-Thoi (1)
- T. Nickel (1)
- T. Prämassing (1)
- T. Rabczuk (1)
- T. Reineking (1)
- T. Schuster (1)
- T. Schöndorf (1)
- T. Takei (1)
- T. Winterschlade (1)
- T. Zimmermann (1)
- Taher Al Hakim (1)
- Taito Sakai (1)
- Takashi Sakurai (1)
- Takeshi Hizawa (1)
- Takuya Sato (1)
- Tamara Fechter (1)
- Tarek Assali (1)
- Tatiana V. Kozlova (1)
- Tejvir Singh (1)
- Th. Lutz (1)
- Th. Meissen (1)
- Thanh Ngoc Nguyen (1)
- Thi Thu Ha Trinh (1)
- Thilo Viereck (1)
- Thomas C. Knott (1)
- Thomas Coppe (1)
- Thomas Fenten (1)
- Thomas Hackländer (1)
- Thomas Horn (1)
- Thomas M. Deserno (1)
- Thomas Osterrath (1)
- Thomas Pufe (1)
- Thomas Ritz (1)
- Thomas Schmitz- Rode (1)
- Thomas Schöndorf (1)
- Thomas Voigtmann (1)
- Thorsten Ederer (1)
- Thorsten Orlikowsky (1)
- Thorsten Wagner (1)
- Till Franzke (1)
- Tim Felder (1)
- Tim Grzanna (1)
- Tim Kaufmann (1)
- Tim Wendlandt (1)
- Timmo Koy (1)
- Timon Kuchler (1)
- Tjalf Ziemssen (1)
- Tleumbetova N.Zh (1)
- Tobias Faßbender (1)
- Tobias Hacker (1)
- Tobias Hahnen (1)
- Tobias J. Koplin (1)
- Tobias Philip Schmidt (1)
- Toke Bek (1)
- Tom Claessens (1)
- Tom Verbelen (1)
- Tomas Guinovart (1)
- Tomas Navratil (1)
- Tommy Berg (1)
- Tooraj Ahmadpoor (1)
- Torsten Heilmann (1)
- Torsten Kuhlen (1)
- Torsten W. Kuhlen (1)
- Toshiaki Hattori (1)
- Twan Lammers (1)
- U. Adbay (1)
- U. Amort (1)
- U. Bauer (1)
- U. Bestmann (1)
- U. Chavan (1)
- U. Epple (1)
- U. Gramberg (1)
- U. Heemann (1)
- U. Heinrich (1)
- U. Keller (1)
- U. M. Pongs (1)
- U. Mehlhorn (1)
- U. Naumann (1)
- U. P. Neumann (1)
- U. Schmidt (1)
- U. Wollenberger (1)
- U. Yasuhito (1)
- Ulf P. Neumann (1)
- Ulf Peter Neumann (1)
- Ulrich Nobisrath (1)
- Ulrich Schurr (1)
- Ulrich W. Scherer (1)
- Ulrike Feudel (1)
- Utz Osterfeld (1)
- Uwe Mehlhorn (1)
- Uwe Mittag (1)
- Uwe Rascher (1)
- V. A. Babain (1)
- V. A. Stegaev (1)
- V. A. Sydoruk (1)
- V. Baltzopoulos (1)
- V. Begoyan (1)
- V. Drexel (1)
- V. Jurka (1)
- V. Marinova (1)
- V. P. Tolmacheva (1)
- V. R. Khachatryan (1)
- V. V. Volkov (1)
- V. Wehlitz (1)
- V.V. Kolodnikov (1)
- VP Erichev (1)
- Valentina Huber (1)
- Vanderley F., Jr. Gomes (1)
- Vardges K. Begoyan (1)
- Veronika Kesseler (1)
- Veronique Vermeeren (1)
- Vicky M. Temperton (1)
- Victor M. Fernandez (1)
- Viktor A. Sydoruk (1)
- Virendra Singh (1)
- Vishnu Teja Josyabhatla (1)
- Vitaly Gutkin (1)
- Vladimir Berezin (1)
- Volha Sjapic (1)
- Volker Herrmann (1)
- Volkmar Schulz (1)
- Vu Duc Khoi (1)
- W. (u.a.) De Magistris (1)
- W. (u.a.) Hennings (1)
- W. (u.a.) von der Osten (1)
- W. Albanna (1)
- W. Bongarts (1)
- W. De Ceuninck (1)
- W. Dänschel (1)
- W. Eckenbach (1)
- W. Hauger (1)
- W. Khan (1)
- W. Klein (1)
- W. Meyer (1)
- W. Pennekamp (1)
- W. Scholl (1)
- W. Schuhmann (1)
- W. Senger (1)
- W. Steinhilper (1)
- W. Stute (1)
- W. Vonau (1)
- W. von der Osten (1)
- Waldemar Zylka (1)
- Walter Bertram (1)
- Walthatd Vilser (1)
- Weng-Siang Yeap (1)
- Werner Haugner (1)
- Werner Weppner (1)
- Wilfried Chen (1)
- Wilfried Kuhn (1)
- Wilhelm Bloch (1)
- Wilhelm Kuckshinrich (1)
- Willibert Pauels (1)
- Willy Zander (1)
- Winfried Fuchs (1)
- Wladyslaw Torbicz (1)
- Wojciech Klimala (1)
- Wolfgang Bock (1)
- Wolfgang Heiden (1)
- Wolfgang Ritzdorf (1)
- Wolfgang Vornholt (1)
- Wolfram Mueller (1)
- Wout Verhoef (1)
- Wu (u.a.) Xinzhang (1)
- Wu Xinzhang (1)
- Wuqiang Yang (1)
- X. Liu (1)
- X. Mo (1)
- X. T. Vu (1)
- Xiaohui Qiao (1)
- Xuan T. Vu (1)
- Y. E. Ermolenko (1)
- Y. El. Masri (1)
- Y. Eurlings (1)
- Y. Filipov (1)
- Y. Fournier (1)
- Y. Suttmann (1)
- Y. Yazici (1)
- Y. Yenicerioglu (1)
- Y.G. Vlasov (1)
- YV Levitsky (1)
- YV Mazurova (1)
- Yannik Blum (1)
- Yasemen Yazici (1)
- Yasin Temel (1)
- Yee-Wai Cheung (1)
- Yergali Moldakhanov (1)
- Yinhua Han (1)
- Yohei Kuwabara (1)
- Yoka Krämer (1)
- Yosi Shacham (1)
- Youness Nour (1)
- Yu Bing (1)
- Yu Ermelenko (1)
- Yu Lei (1)
- Yu Mourzina (1)
- Yu. G. Mourzina (1)
- Yu. G. Vlasov (1)
- Yue Ann Ng (1)
- Yuen Law (1)
- Yuji Hirayama (1)
- Yunpei Liang (1)
- Yuri E. Ermolenko (1)
- Yuri G. Vlasov (1)
- Yuri Gleba (1)
- Yuri Sugawara (1)
- Yvonne Ritze (1)
- Z. K. Shaimardanov (1)
- Z. Mekhalif (1)
- Z. Sercan (1)
- Z. Sisic (1)
- Z. Vyborny (1)
- Zachary M. Freso (1)
- Zdravko Bozakov (1)
- Zenonas Block (1)
- Zh. E. Aimenova (1)
- Zhao Shuang-Ren (1)
- Zhusipova D. Abaihanovna (1)
- Zonggang Chen (1)
- Zubeyde Erbayraktar (1)
- Ö. Üretmen (1)
- А. Zhubanova (1)
- А. А. Eshibaev (1)
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (1578)
- Conference Proceeding (239)
- Book (96)
- Part of a Book (59)
- Doctoral Thesis (27)
- Patent (17)
- Report (15)
- Other (8)
- Habilitation (4)
- Lecture (3)
- Preprint (3)
- Course Material (1)
- Review (1)
- Talk (1)
Keywords
- Biosensor (25)
- Finite-Elemente-Methode (16)
- CAD (15)
- civil engineering (14)
- Bauingenieurwesen (13)
- Einspielen <Werkstoff> (13)
- shakedown analysis (9)
- FEM (6)
- Limit analysis (6)
- Shakedown analysis (6)
- limit analysis (6)
- Clusterion (5)
- Air purification (4)
- Einspielanalyse (4)
- Hämoglobin (4)
- LAPS (4)
- Lipopolysaccharide (4)
- Luftreiniger (4)
- Natural language processing (4)
- Plasmacluster ion technology (4)
Institute
- Fachbereich Medizintechnik und Technomathematik (2052) (remove)
Development of an optimized LSO/LuYAP phoswich detector head for the Lausanne ClearPET demonstrator
(2006)
J.-B. Mosset
; O. Devroede
; M. Krieguer
; M. Rey
; J.-M. Vieira
; J. H. Jung
; C. Kuntner
; M. Streun
; Karl Ziemons
; E. Auffray
; P. Sempere-Roldan
; P. Lecoq
; P. Bruyndonckx
; J.-F. Loude
; S. Tavernier
; C. Morcel
This paper describes the LSO/LuYAP phoswich detector head developed for the ClearPET small animal PET scanner demonstrator that is under construction in Lausanne within the Crystal Clear Collaboration. The detector head consists of a dual layer of 8×8 LSO and LuYAP crystal arrays coupled to a multi-anode photomultiplier tube (Hamamatsu R7600-M64). Equalistion of the LSO/LuYAP light collection is obtained through partial attenuation of the LSO scintillation light using a thin aluminum deposit of 20-35 nm on LSO and appropriate temperature regulation of the phoswich head between 30°C to 60°C. At 511keV, typical FWHM energy resolutions of the pixels of a phoswich head amounts to (28±2)% for LSO and (25±2)% for LuYAP. The LSO versus LuYAP crystal identification efficiency is better than 98%. Six detector modules have been mounted on a rotating gantry. Axial and tangential spatial resolutions were measured up to 4 cm from the scanner axis and compared to Monte Carlo simulations using GATE. FWHM spatial resolution ranges from 1.3 mm on axis to 2.6 mm at 4 cm from the axis.
The ClearPET™ Neuro is the first full ring scanner within the Crystal Clear Collaboration (CCC). It consists of 80 detector modules allocated to 20 cassettes. LSO and LuYAP:Ce crystals in phoswich configuration in combination with position sensitive photomultiplier tubes are used to achieve high sensitivity and realize the acquisition of the depth of interaction (DOI) information. The complete system has been tested concerning the mechanical and electronical stability and interplay. Moreover, suitable corrections have been implemented into the reconstruction procedure to ensure high image quality. We present first results which show the successful operation of the ClearPET™ Neuro for artefact free and high resolution small animal imaging. Based on these results during the past few months the ClearPET™ Neuro System has been modified in order to optimize the performance.
The small animal PET scanners developed by the Crystal Clear Collaboration (ClearPETtrade) detect coincidences by analyzing timemarks which are attached to each event. The scanners are able to save complete single list mode data which allows analysis and modification of the timemarks after data acquisition. The timemarks are obtained from the digitally sampled detector pulses by calculating the baseline crossing of the rising edge of the pulse which is approximated as a straight line. But the limited sampling frequency causes a systematic error in the determination of the timemark. This error depends on the phase of the sampling clock at the time of the event. A statistical method that corrects these errors will be presented
The Crystal Clear Collaboration has developed a modular system for a small animal PET scanner (ClearPET). The modularity allows the assembly of scanners of different sizes and characteristics in order to satisfy the specific needs of the individual member institutions. The system performs depth of interaction detection by using a phoswich arrangement combining LSO and LuYAP scintillators which are coupled to Multichannel Photomultipliers (PMTs). For each PMT a free running 40 MHz ADC digitizes the signal and the complete scintillation pulse is sampled by an FPGA and sent with 20 MB/s to a PC for preprocessing. The pulse provides information about the gamma energy and the scintillator material which identifies the interaction layer. Furthermore, the exact pulse starting time is obtained from the sampled data. This is important as no hardware coincidence detection is implemented. All single events are recorded and coincidences are identified by software. The system in Jülich (ClearPET Neuro) is equipped with 10240 crystals on 80 PMTs. The paper will present an overview of the data acquisition system.
This study has been performed to design the combination of the new ClearPET (ClearPET is a trademark of the Crystal Clear Collaboration), a small animal positron emission tomography (PET) system, with a micro-computed tomography (microCT) scanner. The properties of different microCT systems have been determined by simulations based on GEANT4. We will demonstrate the influence of the detector material and the X-ray spectrum on the obtained contrast. Four different detector materials (selenium, cadmium zinc telluride, cesium iodide and gadolinium oxysulfide) and two X-ray spectra (a molybdenum and a tungsten source) have been considered. The spectra have also been modified by aluminum filters of varying thickness. The contrast between different tissue types (water, air, brain, bone and fat) has been simulated by using a suitable phantom. The results indicate the possibility to improve the image contrast in microCT by an optimized combination of the X-ray source and detector material.
The ClearPET™ project: Development of a 2nd generation high-performance small animal PET scanner
(2005)
Second generation high-performance PET scanners, called ClearPET™1, have been developed by working groups of the Crystal Clear Collaboration (CCC). High sensitivity and high spatial resolution for the ClearPET camera is achieved by using a phoswich arrangement combining two different types of lutetium-based scintillator materials: LSO from CTI and LuYAP:Ce from the CCC (ISTC project). In a first ClearPET prototype, phoswich arrangements of 8×8 crystals of 2×2×10 mm3 are coupled to multi-channel photomultiplier tubes (Hamamatsu R7600). A unit of four PMTs arranged in-line represents one of 20 sectors of the ring design. The opening diameter of the ring is 120 mm, the axial detector length is 110 mm.The PMT pulses are digitized by free-running ADCs and digital data processing determines the gamma energy, the phoswich layer and even the exact pulse starting time, which is subsequently used for coincidence detection. The gantry allows rotation of the detector modules around the field of view.
Preliminary data shows a correct identification of the crystal layer about (98±1)%. Typically the energy resolution is (23.3±0.5)% for the luyap layer and (15.4±0.4)% for the lso layer. early studies showed the timing resolution of 2 ns FWHM and 4.8 ns FWTM. the intrinsic spatial resolution ranges from 1.37 mm to 1.61 mm full-width of half-maximum (FWHM) with a mean of 1.48 mm FWHM. further improvements in image and energy resolution are expected when the system geometry is fully modeled.
The ClearPET® scanners developed by the Crystal Clear Collaboration use multichannel PMTs as photodetectors with scintillator pixels coupled individually to each channel. In order to localize an event each channel anode is connected to a comparator that triggers when the anode signal exceeds a common predefined threshold. Two major difficulties here are crosstalk of light and the gain nonuniformity of the PMT channels. Crosstalk can generate false triggering in channels adjacent to the actual event. On the one hand this can be suppressed by sufficiently increasing the threshold, but on the other hand a threshold too high can already prevent valid events on the lower gain channels from being detected. Finally, both effects restrict the dynamic range of pulse heights that can be processed. The requirements to the dynamic range are not low as the ClearPET® scanners detect the depth of interaction by phoswich pixels consisting of LSO and Lu0.7Y0.3AP, two scintillators with different light yields. We will present a model to estimate the achievable dynamic range and show solutions to increase it.
The ClearPET project
(2004)
The Crystal Clear Collaboration has designed and is building a high-resolution small animal PET scanner. The design is based on the use of the Hamamatsu R7600-M64 multi-anode photomultiplier tube and a LSO/LuYAP phoswich matrix with one to one coupling between the crystals and the photo-detector. The complete system will have 80 PM tubes in four rings with an inner diameter of 137 mm and an axial field of view of 110 mm. The PM pulses are digitized by free-running ADCs and digital data processing determines the gamma energy, the phoswich layer and even the pulse arrival time. Single gamma interactions are recorded and coincidences are found by software. The gantry allows rotation of the detector modules around the field of view. Simulations, and measurements a 2×4 module test set-up predict a spatial resolution of 1.5 mm in the centre of the field of view and a sensitivity of 5.9% for a point source in the centre of the field of view.
The ClearPET™ project is proposed by working groups of the Crystal Clear Collaboration (CCC) to develop a 2nd generation high performance small animal positron emission tomograph (PET). High sensitivity and high spatial resolution is foreseen for the ClearPET™ camera by using a phoswich arrangement combining mixed lutetium yttrium aluminum perovskite (LuYAP:Ce) and lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) scintillating crystals. Design optimizations for the first photomultiplier tube (PMT) based ClearPET camera are done with a Monte-Carlo simulation package implemented on GEANT3 (CERN, Geneva, Switzerland). A dual-head prototype has been built to test the frontend electronics and was used to validate the implementation of the GEANT3 simulation tool. Multiple simulations were performed following the experimental protocols to measure the intrinsic resolution and the sensitivity profile in axial and radial direction. Including a mean energy resolution of about 27.0% the simulated intrinsic resolution is about (1.41±0.11)mm compared to the measured of (1.48±0.06)mm. The simulated sensitivity profiles show a mean square deviation of 12.6% in axial direction and 3.6% in radial direction. Satisfactorily these results are representative for all designs and confirm the scanner geometry.
MultiChannel Photomultipliers (PM), like the R7600-00-M64 or R5900-00-M64 from Hamamatsu, are often chosen as photodetectors in high-resolution positron emission tomography (PET). A major problem of this PM is the nonuniform channel gain. In order to solve this problem, light attenuating masks were created. The aim of the masks is a homogenization of the output of all 64 channels using different hole sizes at the channel positions. The hole area, which is individually defined for the different channels, is inversely proportional to the channel gain. The measurements by inserting light attenuating masks improved a homogenization to a ratio of 1:1.2.
M. Streun
; G. Brandenburg
; M. Brökel
; L. Fuss
; H. Larue
; C. Parl
; E. Zimmermann
; Karl Ziemons
; H. Halling
Within the Crystal Clear Collaboration a modular system for a small animal PET scanner (ClearPET™) has been developed. The modularity allows the assembly of scanners of different sizes and characteristics in order to fit the specific needs of the individual member institutions. Now a first demonstrator is being completed in Julich. The system performs depth of interaction detection by using a phoswich arrangement combining LSO and LuYAP scintillators which are coupled to multi-channel photomultipliers (PMTs). A free-running ADC digitizes the signal from the PMT and the complete scintillation pulses are sampled by an FPGA and sent with 20 MB/S to a PC for preprocessing. The pulse provides information about the gamma energy and the scintillator material which identifies the interaction layer. Furthermore, the exact pulse starting time is obtained from the sampled data. This is important as no hardware coincidence detection is implemented. All single events are recorded and coincidences are identified by software. An advantage of that is that the coincidence window and the dimensions of the field of view can be adjusted easily. The ClearPET™ demonstrator is equipped with 10240 crystals on 80 PMTs. This paper presents an overview of the data acquisition system.
A 2nd generation high performance small animal PET scanner, called ClearPET™, has been designed and a first prototype is built by working groups of the Crystal Clear Collaboration (CCC). In order to achieve high sensitivity and maintain good uniform spatial resolution over the field of view in high resolution PET systems, it is necessary to extract the depth of interaction (DOI) information and correct for spatial degradation. The design of the first ClearPET™ Demonstrator based on the use of the multi-anode photomultiplier tube (Hamamatsu R7600-M64) and a LSO/LuYAP phoswich matrix. The two crystal layers of 8*8 crystals (2*2*10 mm3) are stacked on each other and mounted without light guide as one to one on the PMT. A unit of four PMTs arranged in-line represents one of 20 sectors of the ring design. The opening diameter of the crystal ring is 137 mm, the axial detector length is 110 mm. The PMT pulses are digitized by free-running ADCs and digital data processing determines the gamma energy, the phoswich layer and even the pulse arrival time. Single gamma interactions are recorded and coincidences are found by software. The gantry allows rotation of the detector modules around the field of view. The measurements have been done using the first LSO/LuYAP detector cassettes.
This study has been performed to design the combination of the new ClearPET TM (ClearPET is a trademark of the Crystal Clear Collaboration), a small animal Positron Emission Tomography (PET) system, with a microComputed Tomography (microCT) scanner. The properties of different microCT systems have been determined by simulations based on GEANT4. We demonstrate the influence of the detector material and the X-ray spectrum on the obtained contrast. Four different detector materials (selenium, cadmium zinc telluride, cesium iodide and gadolinium oxysulfide) and two X-ray spectra (a molybdenum and a tungsten source) have been considered. The spectra have also been modified by aluminum filters of varying thickness. The contrast between different tissue types (water, air, brain, bone and fat) has been simulated by using a suitable phantom. The results indicate the possibility to improve the image contrast in microCT by an optimized combination of the X-ray source and detector material.
Pulse shape discrimination of LSO and LuYAP scintillators for depth of interaction detection in PET
(2003)
A feasible way to gain the depth of interaction information in a positron emission tomography scanner is the use of phoswich detectors. In general, the layer of interaction is identified from the pulse shape of the corresponding scintillator material. In this work, pulses from LSO and LuYAP crystals were investigated in order to find a practical method of distinguishing. It turned out that such a pulse processing could be kept simple because of an additional slow component in the light decay of the LuYAP pulse. At the same time, the short decay time guarantees that the major amount of the light output is still collected within a short pulse recording time.
Pulse shape discrimination of LSO and LuYAP scintillators for depth of interaction detection in PET
(2003)
A feasible way to gain the depth of interaction information in a PET scanner is the use of phoswich detectors. In general the layer of interaction is identified front the pulse shape of the corresponding scintillator material. In this work pulses from LSO and LuYAP crystals were investigated in order to find a practical method of distinguishing. It turned out that such a pulse processing could he kept simple due to an additional slow component in the light decay of the LuYAP pulse. At the same time the short decay time guarantees that the major amount of the light output is still collected within a short pulse recording time.
Within the Crystal Clear Collaboration (CCC), four centers are developing second generation high performance small animal positron emission tomography (PET) scanners for different kinds of animals and medical applications. The first prototypes are photomultiplier tube (PMT)-based systems including depth of interaction (DOI) detection by using a phoswich layer of lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) and lutetium yttrium aluminum perovskite (LuYAP). The aim of these simulation studies is to optimize sensitivity and spatial resolution of given designs, which vary in fields of view (FOVs) caused by different detector configurations (ring/octagon) and sizes. For this purpose the simulation tool GEANT3 (CERN, Geneva, Switzerland) was used.
Within the developments for the Crystal Clear small animal PET project (CLEARPET) a dual head PET system has been established. The basic principle is the early digitization of the detector pulses by free running ADCs. The determination of the γ-energy and also the coincidence detection is performed by data processing of the sampled pulses on the host computer. Therefore a time mark is attached to each pulse identifying the current cycle of the 40 MHz sampling clock. In order to refine the time resolution the pulse starting time is interpolated from the samples of the pulse rise. The detector heads consist of multichannel PMTs with a single LSO scintillator crystal coupled to each channel. For each PMT only one ADC is required. The position of an event is obtained separately from trigger signals generated for each single channel. An FPGA is utilized for pulse buffering, generation of the time mark and for the data transfer to the host via a fast I/O-interface.
We are developing an X-ray computed tomography (CT) system which will be combined with a high resolution animal PET system. This permits acquisition of both molecular and anatomical images in a single machine. In particular the CT will also be utilized for the quantification of the animal PET data by providing accurate data for attenuation correction. A first prototype has been built using a commercially available plane silicon diode detector. A cone-beam reconstruction provides the images using the Feldkamp algorithm. First measurements with this system have been performed on a mouse. It could be shown that the CT setup fulfils all demands for a high quality image of the skeleton of the mouse. It is also suited for soft tissue measurements. To improve contrast and resolution and to acquire the X-ray energy further development of the system, especially the use of semiconductor detectors and iterative reconstruction algorithms are planned.
Coincident events in two scintillator crystals coupled to photomultipliers (PMT) are detected by processing just the digital data of the recorded pulses. For this purpose the signals from both PMTs are continuously sampled by free-running ADCs at a sampling rate of 40 MHz. For each sampled pulse the starting time is determined by processing the pulse data. Even a fairly simple interpolating algorithm results in a FWHM of about 2 ns.
A small PET system has been built up with two multichannel photomultipliers, which are attached to a matrix of 64 single LSO crystals each. The signal from each multiplier is being sampled continuously by a 12 bit ADC at a sampling frequency of 40 MHz. In case of a scintillation pulse a subsequent FPGA sends the corresponding set of samples together with the channel information and a time mark to the host computer. The data transfer is performed with a rate of 20 MB/s. On the host all necessary information is extracted from the data. The pulse energy is determined, coincident events are detected and multiple hits within one matrix can be identified. In order to achieve a narrow time window the pulse starting time is refined further than the resolution of the time mark (=25 ns) would allow. This is possible by interpolating between the pulse samples. First data obtained from this system will be presented. The system is part of developments for a much larger system and has been created to study the feasibility and performance of the technique and the hardware architecture.