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The results of a statistical investigation of 42 fixed-wing, small to medium sized (20 kg−1000 kg) reconnaissance unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) are presented. Regression analyses are used to identify correlations of the most relevant geometry dimensions with the UAV’s maximum take-off mass. The findings allow an empirical based geometry-build up for a complete unmanned aircraft by referring to its take-off mass only. This provides a bridge between very early design stages (initial sizing) and the later determination of shapes and dimensions. The correlations might be integrated into a UAV sizing environment and allow designers to implement more sophisticated drag and weight estimation methods in this process. Additional information on correlation factors for a rough drag estimation methodology indicate how this technique can significantly enhance the accuracy of early design iterations.
A hybrid-electric propulsion system combines the advantages of fuel-based systems and battery powered systems and offers new design freedom. To take full advantage of this technology, aircraft designers must be aware of its key differences, compared to conventional, carbon-fuel based, propulsion systems. This paper gives an overview of the challenges and potential benefits associated with the design of aircraft that use hybrid-electric propulsion systems. It offers an introduction of the most popular hybrid-electric propulsion architectures and critically assess them against the conventional and fully electric propulsion configurations. The effects on operational aspects and design aspects are covered. Special consideration is given to the application of hybrid-electric propulsion technology to both unmanned and vertical take-off and landing aircraft. The authors conclude that electric propulsion technology has the potential to revolutionize aircraft design. However, new and innovative methods must be researched, to realize the full benefit of the technology.
The implementation of IO-Link in the automation industry has increased over the years. Its main advantage is it offers a digital point-to-point plugand-play interface for any type of device or application. This simplifies the communication between devices and increases productivity with its different features like self-parametrization and maintenance. However, its complete potential is not always used.
The aim of this paper is to create an Arduino based framework for the development of generic IO-Link devices and increase its implementation for rapid prototyping. By generating the IO device description file (IODD) from a graphical user interface, and further customizable options for the device application, the end-user can intuitively develop generic IO-Link devices. The peculiarity of this framework relies on its simplicity and abstraction which allows to implement any sensor functionality and virtually connect any type of device to an IO-Link master. This work consists of the general overview of the framework, the technical background of its development and a proof of concept which demonstrates the workflow for its implementation.
This paper compares several blade element theory (BET) method-based propeller simulation tools, including an evaluation against static propeller ground tests and high-fidelity Reynolds-Average Navier Stokes (RANS) simulations. Two proprietary propeller geometries for paraglider applications are analysed in static and flight conditions. The RANS simulations are validated with the static test data and used as a reference for comparing the BET in flight conditions. The comparison includes the analysis of varying 2D aerodynamic airfoil parameters and different induced velocity calculation methods. The evaluation of the BET propeller simulation tools shows the strength of the BET tools compared to RANS simulations. The RANS simulations underpredict static experimental data within 10% relative error, while appropriate BET tools overpredict the RANS results by 15–20% relative error. A variation in 2D aerodynamic data depicts the need for highly accurate 2D data for accurate BET results. The nonlinear BET coupled with XFOIL for the 2D aerodynamic data matches best with RANS in static operation and flight conditions. The novel BET tool PropCODE combines both approaches and offers further correction models for highly accurate static and flight condition results.
In this paper we present SMART-FACTORY, a setup for a research and teaching facility in industrial robotics that is based on the RoboCup Logistics League. It is driven by the need for developing and applying solutions for digital production. Digitization receives constantly increasing attention in many areas, especially in industry. The common theme is to make things smart by using intelligent computer technology. Especially in the last decade there have been many attempts to improve existing processes in factories, for example, in production logistics, also with deploying cyber-physical systems. An initiative that explores challenges and opportunities for robots in such a setting is the RoboCup Logistics League. Since its foundation in 2012 it is an international effort for research and education in an intra-warehouse logistics scenario. During seven years of competition a lot of knowledge and experience regarding autonomous robots was gained. This knowledge and experience shall provide the basis for further research in challenges of future production. The focus of our SMART-FACTORY is to create a stimulating environment for research on logistics robotics, for teaching activities in computer science and electrical engineering programmes as well as for industrial users to study and explore the feasibility of future technologies. Building on a very successful history in the RoboCup Logistics League we aim to provide stakeholders with a dedicated facility oriented at their individual needs.
Untersuchungen zur Tragfähigkeit und Steifigkeit eines neuartigen Wandelements in Holzbauweisen
(2018)
Manufacturing Process Simulation for the Prediction of Tool-Part-Interaction and Ply Wrinkling
(2015)
Manufacturing Process Simulation for the Prediction of Tool-Part-Interaction and Ply Wrinkling
(2019)
Analyse von Lignocellulose mittels dynamischer Differenzkalorimetrie und Infrarot – Spektrometrie
(2015)
Design and Development of a Hot S-Parameter Measurement System for Plasma and Magnetron Applications
(2020)
In this paper, an approach to propulsion system modelling for hybrid-electric general aviation aircraft is presented. Because the focus is on general aviation aircraft, only combinations of electric motors and reciprocating combustion engines are explored. Gas turbine hybrids will not be considered. The level of the component's models is appropriate for the conceptual design stage. They are simple and adaptable, so that a wide range of designs with morphologically different propulsive system architectures can be quickly compared. Modelling strategies for both mass and efficiency of each part of the propulsion system (engine, motor, battery and propeller) will be presented.
A review of guidelines and best practices for subsonic aerodynamic simulations using RANS CFD
(2019)
Comparative assessment of parallel-hybrid-electric propulsion systems for four different aircraft
(2020)
Flexible Fuel Operation of a Dry-Low-Nox Micromix Combustor with Variable Hydrogen Methane Mixtures
(2019)
Application of Low NOx Micro-mix Hydrogen Combustion to 2MW Class Industrial Gas Turbine Combustor
(2019)
Sensitivity Analysis of General Aviation Aircraft with Parallel Hybrid-Electric Propulsion Systems
(2019)
Laser-based Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes for the use of metals out of the powder bed have been investigated profusely and are prevalent in industry. Although there is a broad field of application, Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF), also known as Selective Laser Melting (SLM) of glass is not fully developed yet. The material properties of glass are significantly different from the investigated metallic material for LPBF so far. As such, the process cannot be transferred, and the parameter limits and the process sequence must be redefined for glass. Starting with the characterization of glass powders, a parameter field is initially confined to investigate the process parameter of different glass powder using LPBFprocess. A feasibility study is carried out to process borosilicate glass powder. The effects of process parameters on the dimensional accuracy of fabricated parts out of borosilicate and hints for the post-processing are analysed and presented in this paper.
Complexity for heterogeneous classes: teaching embedded systems using an open project approach
(2019)
We study the novel possibilities computer aided design and production open up for the design of building systems. Such systems today can, via individualized mass production, consist of a larger number and more complex parts than previously and therefore be assembled into more complex wholes. This opens up the possibility of designing specialized systems specifically for single buildings. The common order of starting with a building system and designing a building using this system can be reversed to designing a building first and then developing a system specifically for that building. We present and discuss research that incorporates students design projects into research work and fosters links between research and teaching.
Entwicklung einer Qualitätssicherung für das Laserstrahlschweißen im Vakuum mittels Bildverarbeitung
(2019)
In energy economy forecasts of different time series are rudimentary. In this study, a prediction for the German day-ahead spot market is created with Apache Spark and R. It is just an example for many different applications in virtual power plant environments. Other examples of use as intraday price processes, load processes of machines or electric vehicles, real time energy loads of photovoltaic systems and many more time series need to be analysed and predicted.
This work gives a short introduction into the project where this study is settled. It describes the time series methods that are used in energy industry for forecasts shortly. As programming technique Apache Spark, which is a strong cluster computing technology, is utilised. Today, single time series can be predicted. The focus of this work is on developing a method to parallel forecasting, to process multiple time series simultaneously with R and Apache Spark.
Design and Development of a Novel Self-Igniting Microwave Plasma Jet for Industrial Applications
(2019)
20 years after the successful ground deployment test of a (20 m) 2 solar sail at DLR Cologne, and in the light of the upcoming U.S. NEAscout mission, we provide an overview of the progress made since in our mission and hardware design studies as well as the hardware built in the course of our solar sail technology development. We outline the most likely and most efficient routes to develop solar sails for useful missions in science and applications, based on our developed `now-term' and near-term hardware as well as the many practical and managerial lessons learned from the DLR-ESTEC Gossamer Roadmap. Mission types directly applicable to planetary defense include single and Multiple NEA Rendezvous ((M)NR) for precursor, monitoring and follow-up scenarios as well as sail-propelled head-on retrograde kinetic impactors (RKI) for mitigation. Other mission types such as the Displaced L1 (DL1) space weather advance warning and monitoring or Solar Polar Orbiter (SPO) types demonstrate the capability of near-term solar sails to achieve asteroid rendezvous in any kind of orbit, from Earth-coorbital to extremely inclined and even retrograde orbits. Some of these mission types such as SPO, (M)NR and RKI include separable payloads. For one-way access to the asteroid surface, nanolanders like MASCOT are an ideal match for solar sails in micro-spacecraft format, i.e. in launch configurations compatible with ESPA and ASAP secondary payload platforms. Larger landers similar to the JAXA-DLR study of a Jupiter Trojan asteroid lander for the OKEANOS mission can shuttle from the sail to the asteroids visited and enable multiple NEA sample-return missions. The high impact velocities and re-try capability achieved by the RKI mission type on a final orbit identical to the target asteroid's but retrograde to its motion enables small spacecraft size impactors to carry sufficient kinetic energy for deflection.
Extrem hohe Blitzströme
(2017)